تأثیر امام محمد غزالی بر جهان مالایی با تأکید بر مجمع الجزایر اندونزی
محورهای موضوعی : تاریخ و تمدن اسلامی
محمودرضا اسفندیار
1
(گروه علوم انسانی، واحد اسلامشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: امام محمد غزالی, جهان مالایی, فرهنگ اسلامی, مجمع‌الجزایر اندونزی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش در صدد است با بررسی سیر تفکر اسلامی، به تأثیرات امام محمد غزالی (د 505) بر جهان مالایی به خصوص مجمع‌الجزایر اندونزی، به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین و پرجمعیت‌ترین مناطق مسلمان‌نشین جهان اسلام بپردازد. روش گردآوری داده‌ها کتابخانه‌ای و بر بنیاد منابع و گزارش های موجود، و روش پژوهش بر اساس تبیین کارکردی است. این پژوهش که در آن، چگونگی آشنایی مالاییان با غزالی و تاریخ و ابعاد گوناگون تأثیر او بر حوزه‌های مختلف فکر دینی خاصه کلام و تصوف و بر صوفیان و عالمان در مجمع‌الجزایر اندونزی از گذشته تا امروز بررسی شده، به این نتیجه دست یافته که از آغازین سال های اسلامی شدن این منطقه، افکار غزالی بر تکوین فرهنگ اسلامی در مجمع‌الجزایر اندونزی مؤثر واقع شد و حیات معنوی مالاییان نیز، از نظام تعلیم و تربیت دینی گرفته تا حوزه‌های اجتماعی، از اندیشه‌های وی بسیار متأثر گردیده است.
This study aims to examine the effects of Imam al-Ghazzālī on the process of Islamic thought in the Malay world, especially The Indonesian archipelago, as one of the most important and most populous Muslim regions in the Islamic world. The method of data collection is library-based and on available sources and reports and the research method is based on functional explanation. This study, which examines how the Malays got acquainted with al-Ghazzālī and the history and various dimensions of his influence on various areas of religious thought in the Indonesian archipelago, especially kalām and Sufism from the past to the present, concludes that al-Ghazzālī's thoughts on the development of Islamic culture in the Indonesian archipelago were influential, and the spiritual life of the Malays, from the religious education system to the social spheres has been greatly influenced by his ideas.
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Idem, “Abd al-Samad in Arabia”, Southeast Asian Studies, 4(2): 2015.
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Hooker, Virginia, “Riau”, in Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition, V.8, Leiden, 1995.
Idem, “Gardens of Knowledge: from Bustan to Taman”, in Lost times and Untold Tales from The Malay World. E.D by. Jan Van Der Putten, Singapore, NUS Press, 2009.
Jähnichen, Gisa, “Al-Gahazali’s Thoughts on the Effects of Music and Singing upon the Heart and the Body and their Impact on Present-Day Malaysian Society”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 2, No. 9, 2012.
Khan, I. K., Islam in Modern Asia, New Delhi, 2006.
Knysh, Alexander, Islmic mysticism: a short history, Brill, Leiden, 2000.
Lapidus, Ira M., A History of Islamic Societies, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Milner, A. C., “Islam and Muslim State”, in: Islam in South-East Asia, Edited by M.B. Hooker, Brill, Leiden, 1983.
Mohd Fakhrudin bin Abdul Mukti, “The Early Study of Kalam in the Malay World”, Jurnal Usuluddin, Bil 28: 2008.
Nor Hasliza bt Faris and others, “Psychological Intervention Effect by Imam Al-Ghazali”: IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Vol.21, December 2016.
Official Website of International Islamic University Malaysia (2019) in: http://www.iium.edu.my/institute/istac/academic.
Ricklefs, M.C., a History of Modern Indonesia since 1200, USA, 2008.
Riddell, Peter G., Islamic and The Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses, C. Hurst & Co., United Kingdom, University of Hawaii press, Honolulu. U.S.A., 2001.
Rinkes, D.A., Nine Saints of Java, Malaysian Sociological Research Institute, 1996.
Said, Nurman, “The Significance of al-Ghazali and His works For Indonesian Muslims; A preliminary Study”, Studia Islamika, (3), 1996.
The Indonesia Reader: History, Culture, Politics, E.D: Hellwig, Tineke and Tagliacozzo, Eric, Duke University Press, London, 2009.
Van Bruinessen, Martin, “Controversies and polemics involving the Sufi orders in twentieth-century Indonesia” in Islamic mysticism contested, E.D. Fredrick de Jong and Bernd Radtke, Brill, Leiden, 1999.
Watson Andaya, Barbara, “Gender, Islam and the Bugis Diaspora
In Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Riau”, sari (21), 2003.
Wheatley, P., “Indonesia: I. Geography”, Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition.V.3, Brill, Leiden, 1986.