بررسی مقدماتی کنه‌ی شبدر (Bryobia praetiosa Koch) روی تنه‌ی درختان جوان گردو در منطقه‌ی ساردوئیه‌ی جیرفت
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: کنه‌ی شبدر, درختان جوان گردو, ساردوئیه, جیرفت,
چکیده مقاله :
با مشاهده ی انبوه تخم های قرمز کنه ی شبدر (Bryobia praetiosa Koch) روی پوست تنه ی درختان جوان گردوی رقم های بافت و جبال بارز در منطقه ی ساردوئیه ی جیرفت، اقدام به جمع آوری نمونه های کنه و شناسایی آن ها براساس کنه ی ماده ی بالغ گردید. مطالعه طی سال های 1376-1375، با نمونه برداری از مراحل زیستی کنه ی شبدر روی پوست تنه ی درختان جوان و کهن سال گردو، درختان مثمر، غیرمثمر و علف های هرز در مناطق ساردوئیه، ده بکری و رامون انجام گرفت. دامنه ی میزبانی این کنه محدود به درختان جوان گردو بود. برای شمارش جمعیت تخم و مراحل فعال کنه،10 درخت گردو انتخاب و نمونه برداری در ابعاد چهار سانتی متر مربعی از پوست قسمت های مختلف تنه ی درختان جوان گردو در پنج تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج داده های جمع آوری شده از جمعیت کنه، فقط یک نسل در سال را برای آن مورد تأیید قرار داد. فعالیت کنه در منطقه ی ساردوئیه از اوایل بهار ملاحظه شد و از اوایل مرداد تابستان گذرانی به صورت تخم روی پوسته ی تنه ی صاف درختان جوان گردو در ارتفاع40 الی50 سانتی متری ازسطح خاک آغاز و تا اواسط آبان ادامه یافت. بیشترین تعداد تخم زمستانه روی تنه ی درختان گردو در شهریور مشاهده شد. بررسی تغییرات تعداد تخم و کنه ی بالغ با دما و رطوبت نسبی در نوبت های مختلف نمونه برداری نشان داد که این متغیرهای محیطی بر نوسانات جمعیت تخم و مراحل فعال کنه اثر معنی داری ایجاد نکردند.
Subsequent to surveying of egg mass of white clover mite (Bryobia praetiosa) in red patches on young walnut tree trunks within Bafeteh Jebal Barez in Sardoieh region of Jiroft vicinity and wide infestation in other localities in similar adjusting localities, an investigation was carried out for two years (1996-1997) in the region. Mite specimens were collected for determination of dominant species. Merely female individuals of clover mite (Bryobia praetiosa) were identified in the entire surveyed areas. Biological activity of clover mite was explored through regular sampling at weekly intervals on young and old walnut trees, fruitful, fruitless and weed plants in the infested area of Sardoieh, Dehbakeri and Ramon region in Kerman province. Among the surveyed host plants, only soft trunks of young walnut trees was found as major place for egg laying. Abundance and population fluctuation of clover mite eggs on young bark of walnut trunks were recorded in 4 squares centimeters as sampling unite out of 10 marked walnut trees in five replications from end of May to late of November. Yielded data showed maximum active stages in May whilst decreasing egg laying in subsequent months and winter on soft young walnut trunk, 40 to 50 centimeters above the ground. The egg laying continued until November and the mite had a single generation per year. Maximum winter egg mass was recorded during September in Sardoieh region. Statistical analyses upon the quantity of eggs and adult mites in different temperatures and also relative humidity conditions in several sampling provided evidence that there is no significant correspondence between these environmental effects and the abundance of active stages and egg numbers of Bryobia praetiosa.
Alford, D. V. 1992. A color atlas of fruit pests, their recognition, biology and control. A Wolfe Science Book Publication, London, 320 pp.
Anderson, N. H. and Morgan, C. V. G. 1958. Life histories and habits of the clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch, and the brown mite, B. arborea M. and A. In British Columbia. Canadian Entomology. 90: 23-42.
Bezant, E. and Cross, J. V. 1985. Bryobia mites. Leaflet. Ministry of Agriculture and Fishes and Food, U.K., No. 305: 8pp
Bolland, H. R., Gutierrez, J. and Flecthmann, C. H. 1998. World catalogue of the spider mite family (Acari: Tetranychidae). Brill Publication. Leiden, 392 pp.
Cratwick, M. 1992. Crop pests in UK, Collected edition of MAFF leaflets, Chapman and Hall Publication, London, 490 pp.
Gorden, S. C. 1975. Feeding damage by Bryobia mites to Brussels sprouts under glass. Journal Plant Pathology, 24 :( 2): 122.
Gupta, S. K., Dhooria, M. S. and Sadana, G. S. 1975. Studies on the chemical control of clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch. Science. and Culture. 41:126-127.
Helle W, Sabelis MW. 1985. World Crop Pests, Spider Mites, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. A, Elsevier Publication, Amsterdam, 405 pp.
Helle W, Gutierrez J, Bolland HR. 1970. A study on sex determination and karyotypic evaluation in Tetranychidae. Genetica 41: 21-32.
Henna MA, Shereef GM, Megali MK. 1980. Mites associated with ornamental and medicinal plants in Egypt. Bulletin of Society of Entomology of Egypt 63: 43-47.
Jeppson LR, Keifer HH, Baker EW. 1975. Mites Injurious to Economic Plants. University of California Press, 614 pp.
Imabayashi SI. 1972. The three occurrence of clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch in Hokkaido. Research Bulletin of Hokkaido. National Agricultural Experimental Station 102: 83-91.
Khalil-Manesh BY. 1972. Plant mite fauna of Iran. Plant Pests and Diseases Journal 35: 30-38.
Karren JB. 2000. Clover Mite. UtahStateUniversity, No. 3, 1-3.
Meyer RW. 1977. Insects and other arthropods of economic importance in Indiana during 1977. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 87: 265-272.
Meyer SK, Smith P. 1981. Mite Pests of Crops in South Africa. Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture and FisheriesRepublic of South Africa, No. 397. 92 pp.
Meyer SK, Smith P. 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) with Reference to the World Genera. Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture and FisheriesRepublic of South Africa. No. 69. 175 pp.
Mori H. 1961. Comparative studies on thermal reaction in four species of spider mites. Journal Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University. 51: 574-591.
Squire FA. 1972. Insect pests of fruit crops. Entomological Problems in Bolivia, PNAS 18: 259-260.
Stewart D. 1980. Control of overwintering pests on dormant fruit trees with Lorsban and oil. Down- to- Earth 36(2): 2-7.
Tabatabai M, Dehlavi A, Ahmadei AR. 1972. Walnut Hicogeri Peghan. Jahad Daneshghahi Publication Gom, 406pp.
Tuttle DM, Baker WB. 1968. Spider Mites of Southwestern United State and a Revision of the Family Tetranychidae. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, 143 pp.
Veerman A. 1985. Diapause.In:Helle W, Sabelis MW (eds.) Spider Mites, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. A, Elsevier Publication, Amsterdam, pp 279-316.
Wilkin DR, Warner JL. 1985. Control of mites invading buildings. Integrated Pest Congress 27(1): 8-9.
Winston PW. 1964. The physiology of water balance in Acarina. Acarologia; Facsimile Hors Series, 307-314.