مینوزهای مزارع یونجه‌ی استان آذربایجان‌شرقی، شمال‌غرب ایران
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: یونجه, آذربایجان‌شرقی, مینوز برگ, درصد آلودگی,
چکیده مقاله :
یونجه در بین گیاهان علوفه‌ای از جایگاه خاصی برخوردار است و در سطح وسیعی در تمام نقاط ایران کشت می‌شود. این گیاه توسط آفات متعددی از جمله گونه‌های مختلف مینوز مورد حمله قرار می‌گیرد. در سال های 1388و 1389 با استفاده از یک کادر ربع متر مربعی، نمونه برداری از مزارع یونجه ی شهرستان های مختلف استان آذربایجان شرقی انجام و درصد آلودگی برگ های یونجه به مینوزها تعیین شد. در این بررسی پنج گونه مینوز متعلق به سه خانواده از راسته ی بال پولک داران و یک خانواده از راسته ی دوبالان شامل: Coleophora vicinella (Zeller, 1849) (Lep.: Coleophoridae) Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimor, 1930) (Lep.: Gracillariidae) Aproaerema anthyllidella (Hubner, 1813) (Lep.: Gellechidae) Liriomyza trifolli (Burgess, 1880) (Dip.: Agromyzidae) Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851) (Dip.: Agromyzidae) جمع آوری گردید که Coleophora vicinella از تک بوته‌های زیر درختان و بقیه ی گونه‌ها از مزارع یونجه جمع آوری گردیدند. در شهرستان های مرند، شبستر، سراب و عجب شیر به ترتیب 2/1، 8/1، 4/2 و 5/4 درصد برگ ها، آلوده به چهار گونه ی مینوز متعلق به خانواده هایAgromyzidae، Gracillariidae و Gellechidae بودند.
Alfalfa has special place among the feed plants and are grown in extensive area in Iran. This plant is damaged by different pests such as leaf miners. Leaf miners of this crop were collected during the years 2009 - 2010 from different area of the province. Infestation percent estimated by counting infested leaves in a quadrate (0.25 m2). In this survey five different species of leaf miner were collected, belonging to three Lepidopteran and a Dipteran families. Coleophora vicinella (Zeller, 1849) (Lep.: Coleophoridae) was collected from alfalfa plants grown under trees away from alfalfa fields and Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimor, 1930) (Lep.: Gracillariidae), Aproaerema anthyllidella (Hubner, 1813) (Lep.: Gellechidae), Liriomyza trifolli (Burgess, 1880) (Dip.: Agromyzidae) and Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851) (Dip.: Agromyzidae) were collected from the alfalfa fields. Overall incidence of the species of the families Agromyzidae, Gracillariidae and Gellechidae were estimated to be 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 4.5% in Marand, Shabestar, Sarab and Ajabshir respectively.
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