تنوع و تغییرات فصلی پارازیتوییدهای تخم سن گندم در مناطق مرکزی استان آذربایجان‌غربی
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: تنوع گونه‌ای, تغییرات فصلی, سن گندم, پارازیتوییدهای تخم,
چکیده مقاله :
سن گندم Eurygaster intergriceps Puton مهم ترین آفت گندم در ایران می باشد. این آفت دارای دشمنان طبیعی بسیاری است که بی تردید، زنبورهای پارازیتویید تخم مهم ترین آن ها هستند. تغییرات فصلی پارازیتوییدهای مذکور در استان آذربایجان‌غربی (شهرستان های ارومیه، نقده و مهاباد) در سال های 1389و 1390 با استفاده از تله های حاوی تخم به صورت هفتگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پارازیتوییدهای خارج شده از تله ها هفت گونه شامل Trissolcus grandis (Thomson)، T. djadetshkoe (Ryachovski)،T. semistriatus (Nees) ، T. vassilievi (Mayr)، T. rufiventris (Mayr)، Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferriere & Voegele و O. telenomicida (Vassiliev) بودند. گونه یT. grandis گونه ی غالب در هر دو سال و در تمامی مناطق بود و از استمرار و حضوری پـایدار در طیف زمانی وسیع تر نسبت به سـایر گونه ها برخوردار بود. بعد از آن T. djadetshkoe بیشترین فراوانی و پیوستگی را داشت. 2-3 نسل همپوشان از گونه ی اول و دو نسل با همپوشانی اندک از گونه ی دوم ملاحظه شد. دو گونه‌ی متعلق به جنس Ooencyrtus در تمامی مناطق مورد مطالعه در هر دو سال حضور داشتند، اما برخلاف دو گونه ی قبلی یک وقفه ی تقریباً یک ماهه بین دو نسل آن ها دیده شد. بدین ترتیب، دو نسل مجزا و غیر همپوشان از این دو گونه یکی در اول فصل و دیگری در آخر فصل روی سن گندم مشاهده شد. گونه ی T. rufiventris نیز وضعیت مشابهی از نظر تعداد و همپوشانی نسل ها داشت با این تفاوت که تنها در سال 90 و در دو منطقه ی ارومیه و مهاباد چنین وضعیتی قابل مشاهده بود.
Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton) is the most important insect pest of wheat in Iran. The pest has numerous natural enemies, within which egg parasitoids are undoubtedly the most important of them. Species diversity of these parasitoids was investigated in three regions of West-Azarbayejan province (Urmiyeh, Naghadeh and Mahabad) in 2010 and 2011. In this survey, the egg traps were used at weekly intervals in the fields. Parasitized egg clusters were kept under optimum conditions and emerged parasitoids were identified as Trissolcus grandis (Thomson), T. djadetshkoe (Ryachovski), T. semistriatus (Nees), T. vassilievi (Mayr), T. rufiventris (Mayr),Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferriere & Voegele and O. telenomicida (Vassiliev). T. grandis was the most common species followed by T. djadetshkoe at both years in all regions. Both of the species displayed a continuous presence with a longer period for T. grandis. It seems that 2-3 generations of T. grandis vs. 2 generations of T. djadetshkoe occurred during study period; while more overlapped in the former one. Ooencyrtus species were observed in all regions. In contrast to previous species, Ooencyrtus spp. had two discrete generations, spaced one month. Such a status was observed for T. rufiventris only at 2011 in Mahabad and Naghadeh.
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