تعیین شاخص ED50 در یک خاک آهکی آلوده‌شده با غلظت‌های مختلف نیکل

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

منصوره ملحان ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان، ایران.)
سعید حجتی ² (دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
نعیمه عنایتی ضمیر ³ (دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/10/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/07/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/08/01

کلید واژه: جمعیت هتروتروف, دوز زیستی, ضریب متابولیک, نیکل,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: خصوصیات میکروبی خاک از جمله زیست توده میکروبی، تنفس میکروبی و معدنی شدن نیتروژن می توانند شاخص هایی برای نشان دادن تنش ناشی از آلودگی فلزات سنگین بر عملکرد و کیفیت خاک باشند. هدف از این تحقیق اندازه گیری فعالیت های میکروبی خاک، برای مشخص کردن اثرات سمی غلظت های مختلف نیکل بر کیفیت خاک و تعیین غلظت بازدارندگی 50 درصد (ED50 ) نیکل می باشد. روش بررسی: این آزمایش در سال 1395 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام یافت. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل فلز نیکل در شش سطح (صفر، 50، 100، 150، 300 و 600 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) و دو دوره انکوباسیون (15 و 60 روزه) بود. یک نمونه خاک با نمک کلرید نیکل به طور یکنواخت برای ایجاد غلظت های مختلف آلوده شد. پس از سپری شدن دوره انکوباسیون 15 و 60 روزه، تنفس میکروبی، کربن زیست توده میکروبی، جمعیت هتروتروف ها و ضریب متابولیک نمونه ها اندازه گیری گردید و با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده مقدار ED50 خاک تعیین شد. یافته ها: اثر متقابل سطوح نیکل و دوره انکوباسیون در سطح یک درصد بر تمام ویژگی های اندازه گیری شده به جز کربن زیست توده میکروبی و ضریب متابولیکی معنی دار بود. با گذشت زمان و افزایش غلظت نیکل، جمعیت باکتری های هتروتروف، تنفس و کربن زیست توده میکروبی نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش معنی داری را در سطح یک درصد نشان دادند. کمترین مقدار تنفس میکروبی، کربن زیست توده میکروبی و جمعیت باکتری های هتروتروف در پایان دوره انکوباسیون 60 روزه و در غلظت 600 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم، به ترتیب با کاهش 07/77، 72/75 و 99/99 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد اندازه گیری شد. با افزایش زمان انکوباسیون، مقدار ED50 (میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) نیکل در مورد تنفس میکروبی، کربن زیست توده میکروبی و جمعیت باکتری های هتروتروف افزایش یافت. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر پایه نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش آلودگی نیکل فعالیت های بیولوژیکی خاک را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد و غلظت 100 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم نیکل در خاک به عنوان غلظت آستانه نیکل در این خاک تعیین شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objectives: Soil microbial properties such as biomass, microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralization can be used as indicators to show the stress caused by heavy metal pollution on soil quality. The aim of this study was the measurement soil microbial activity to evaluate the effect of soil Ni contamination on soil quality and determination of ecological dose 50 (ED50). Method: This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in year 2016 based on a randomized completely design with three replications. The experiment factors including Ni concentration in six levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 300 and 600 mg Ni kg-1) and two incubation times (15 and 60 days). Soils sample was spiked uniformly with different concentrations of NiCl2. Microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, heterotrophic population and metabolic quotient were measured after incubation times of 15 and 60 days, then according to the results, ED50 was determined by using the dose-response curve. Findings: Soil Nickel contamination on the indicator was significantly effective at P<0.01 level. Heterotrophic population, respiration and microbial carbon biomass decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared to control by increasing the Ni concentration and incubation times, whereas the increase of Ni concentration and incubation times were not significantly affected on metabolic quotient. The minimum amount of microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and the heterotrophic population was observed at the end of incubation times and 600 mg Ni kg-1 with 77.07, 75.72 and 99.99% decrement compared to the control, respectively. ED50 value (mg/kg soil) of microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and heterotroph population increased from 77.55, 78.63, 81.34 to 97.84, 111.04 and 84.67 respectively, with increased incubation time. Discussion and Conclusion: The soil contaminated with Nickel acutely decreased the biological activity of soil and the ecological dose increased with increasing the incubation time, suggesting that toxicity of Ni to soil microbial activity was decreased with increased incubation time. Ni concentration of 100 mgNikg-1 soil can be considered as the critical range of Ni for soil quality at which negative effect was observed.

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