بررسی وضعیت محتوای زیست محیطی موجود در کتاب های درسی علوم تجربی دوره آموزش عمومی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست
فائزه فاضلی
1
(دانشیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی*(مسوول مکاتبات))
فریده مهدوی ایکدلو
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی)
کلید واژه: معضلات زیست محیطی, حفاظت از محیط زیست, تحلیل محتوا, کتاب علوم تجربی, دوره آموزش عمومی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آموزش محیط زیست، درسی برای زندگی است. این نکته بدین معناست که آموخته ها و اندوخته های زیست محیطی ما باید به عمل تبدیل شده و در زندگی روزمره و رفتار فردی و اجتماعی ما بازتاب یابد. آنچه دراین زمینه قابل تأمل است نقش و اثری است که نظام های آموزشی در آموزش رفتارهای زیست محیطی از همان روزهای آغازین آموزش رسمی از طریق محتوا و کتاب درسی باید مدنظر قرار دهند. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی محتوای کتاب های درسی علوم تجربی دوره آموزش عمومی از لحاظ توجه به معضلات زیست محیطی و حفاظت از محیط زیست است. روش بررسی: به این منظور کتاب های درسی علوم تجربی 8 سال دوره آموزش عمومی در سال تحصیلی 93-92 با روش تحلیل محتوا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: در این بررسی با استفاده از ابزار فهرست وارسی، تحلیل محتوا که شامل هفت مؤلفه اصلی معضلات زیست محیطی (هوا، آب، خاک وصوت)، حفاظت منابع طبیعی، تفکیک زباله و بازیافت آن و نقش انسان در محیط زیست و 93 مؤلفه فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پایایی این ابزار توسط کارشناسان صاحب نظر1/90 درصد به دست آمده است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که بیش ترین توجه در کتاب علوم تجربی پایه هفتم و کم ترین توجه در کتاب علوم تجربی سوم ابتدایی نسبت به معضلات زیست محیطی شده است. به طور کلی در کتاب های علوم تجربی بیش ترین توجه به نقش انسان در محیط زیست وکم ترین توجه به آلودگی صوتی شده است.
Background and Objective: Environmental education is a lesson for life. This means that environmental lessons must become practical in the social and individual behavior and daily life. What is noteworthy is the role of education system in teaching the environmental behavior through the textbooks from the early days of formal education. Thus, the purpose of this study is to check the content of textbooks general education with a focus on environmental problems and protecting the environment. Method: For this purpose, an eight volume textbook of experimental science of general educational courses for 8 grades were examined through content analysis in 2013 and 2014. Findings: In this study, using content analysis which has seven main components of environmental problems (air, water, soil and noise), protection of natural resources, waste separation and recycling, the role of human in the environment and 93 sub-component have been examined. The reliability of these tools was obtained to be 90.1% by experts. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicated that the highest and the lowest attention to environmental issues in basic science textbooks have been payed to grade seven and grade three, respectively. In general, human role in environment received the highest attention and noise pollution received the lowest attention in the basic science textbooks.
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- Hunecke M, Blobaum, A., Matthias E., Huger R. 2001. Responsibility and Environment Ecological NormOrientation and External Factors in the Domain of Travel Mode Choice Behavior, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 33. Pp. 830-862
- Araghi, A., Barzabadi Farahani, N., Pashaei Arzaneh, A., 2012. Explore environmental education methods from the perspective of elementary school students. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development Vol 1(1) 17-22.
- Shfiabadi, A. 2015. Chilhood teaching method, Chehr Publication, Tehran.
- Yar Mohammadi, M., 2003. Principles of Education. Yad vareh Ketab Publishers.
- Mahmoudi,H., Hadi Veisi, H., 2005. An Environmental Extension and Education Approach to Primary Environmental Care. Environmental Sciences 8, pp. 57-63.
13. Ghazavi, M., Liaghatdar, M.J., Abedi, A. 2009. Content analysis of elementary science books in terms of environmental issues. Quarterly Journal of Education, 25(2) pp.127-152.
14. Dibaei, S., Lahijanian, A.A., 2009. A review of guidance curriculum with emphasis on environmental education. Environmental Sciences Quaterly, Vol. 23(3) pp. 177-185.
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- Bahram Soltani, K., 2007. Environment. Minstry of Education, Organisation for Educational Research and Planing.
- Javadi Amoli, A., 2007. Islam and Environment. Ghom, Asra Publishers.
- Kial, M., Kial, M., 2004. Environment rights in iran constitution view. Environment rights in iran conference, Tehran, Barge Zeytoon publishers.
- Aghagani, Z., 2011. Environment for elementary teachers. Monthly Growth Initial Education 15(1) 15-17.
- Miller, GT., 2003. Living in the environment. Translated by: M., Makhdoum. Tehran University Publications.
- Ghasemi, N., 2005. Criminal Justice, Tehran, Jamal Al-hage Publishers.
- Dabiri, M., 2013. Environment Pollution (Air, Water, Sound), Tehran, Etehad Publishers.
- Bagher Abadi. J., 1996.Naturalism in education and Training. Research project, Kermanshah.
- Bureau of Participation and Public Education, 2008. Comprehensive Environmental Education Program. Educational and Research Deputy. Department of environment publication.
- Shobeiri, S. M., Abdollahi, S., 2004. Environmental education theories, applications and concepts: Payame Noor University publication; Tehran.
- Yaghubi, J., 2004. Evaluation of environment subjects reflex in elementary and middle school textbooks. First Environment education National- Professional Seminar.
- ParhizKar, L., Shobeir, S.M., Sarmadi,M.R. 2002. Assesing of teacher viewpoint to elementary school environment education content.Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development Vol. 1(2) pp.35-43.
- Pooly J. A., O’Conoor M., Environmental Education and Attitudes Emotions and Belifs are what is needed.Journal of Environmental Behavior, Vol.32, No. 5, pp.711-723.2000.
- Samani,S., 2009. Studying knowledge and attitude of teachers and students at educational levels in Kish Island schools to determine their environmental educational needs. MSc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University.
- Soltani, M., 2010. Assessing the impact of environmental awareness of students on environmental activities during travel. MSc. student thesis. Faculty of educational Sciences, Payame noor University of Tehran.
- Bier Hoff H. W. 2001. Responsibility and Altuism: The Role of Volunteeris. In A.E. Auhagn & H. W. Bier Hoff (Eds) Responsibility-the Many Faces of a Phenoemenon. London: Rout Ledge. pp. 149-166.
- Hunecke M, Blobaum, A., Matthias E., Huger R. 2001. Responsibility and Environment Ecological NormOrientation and External Factors in the Domain of Travel Mode Choice Behavior, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 33. Pp. 830-862
- Araghi, A., Barzabadi Farahani, N., Pashaei Arzaneh, A., 2012. Explore environmental education methods from the perspective of elementary school students. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development Vol 1(1) 17-22.
- Shfiabadi, A. 2015. Chilhood teaching method, Chehr Publication, Tehran.
- Yar Mohammadi, M., 2003. Principles of Education. Yad vareh Ketab Publishers.
- Mahmoudi,H., Hadi Veisi, H., 2005. An Environmental Extension and Education Approach to Primary Environmental Care. Environmental Sciences 8, pp. 57-63.
13. Ghazavi, M., Liaghatdar, M.J., Abedi, A. 2009. Content analysis of elementary science books in terms of environmental issues. Quarterly Journal of Education, 25(2) pp.127-152.
14. Dibaei, S., Lahijanian, A.A., 2009. A review of guidance curriculum with emphasis on environmental education. Environmental Sciences Quaterly, Vol. 23(3) pp. 177-185.