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کد مقاله : 13790 بازدید : 106 صفحه: 201 - 211

10.22034/jest.2018.13790

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

پایش گردشگری فصلی شمال غرب ایران با استفاده از شاخص اقلیم گردشگری (T.C.I)

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

بهروز سبحانی 1 (دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، اقلیم‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران*(مسوول مکاتبات))
وحید صفریان زنگیر 2 (دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، اقلیم‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/01/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/01/01

کلید واژه: گردشگری فصلی, منابع آب و هوای, شاخص (T.C.I), اقلیم‌گردشگری, شمال غرب ایران,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: شناخت پتانسیل­های اقلیمی، به‌عنوان بستر فعالیت­های انسانی، پایه و اساس غالب برنامه­ریـزی­هـای محیطی و آمایش سرزمین را تشکیل می­دهد؛ امروزه اکثر گردشگران برای انتخاب مقصد ملاحظات اقلیمی را مورد توجه قرار می‌دهند. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی فصلی اقلیم گردشگری شمال غرب ایران با استفاده از شاخص اقلیم گردشگری (T.C.I)است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی شرایط اقلیم آسایش از دیدگاه گردشگری، داده­های اقلیمی 22 ایستگاه سینوپتیک شمال غرب‌ایران در یک دوره آماری 20 ساله (2010-1990) تهیه شدند. در این مدل سیستمی از 7 پارامتر: میانگین حداکثر دما، میانگین دما، میانگین حداقل رطوبت نسبی، میانگین رطوبت نسبی، مجموع بارش ماهانه، میانگین روزانه ساعات آفتابی و سرعت باد استفاده شد. برای پردازش داده‌ها از شاخص TCI استفاده شد با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی، نقشه اقلیم گردشگری برای چهار فصل ترسیم گردید. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که شاخص اقلیم گردشگری در شمال غرب به علت تضاد توپوگرافی دارای تنوع زیادی در طول سال می‌باشد. فصل­ تابستان با در برداشتن شرایط (بی­نهایت ایده­ال 7، وضعیت ایده­ال 10، کیفیت­عالی 3، شرایط خیلی­خوب 1 و قابل قبول 1)  نسبت به سه فصل دیگر در رتبه یک؛ فصل پاییز با شرایط (عالی: 4، خیلی­خوب: 11، خوب: 3 و قابل قبول: 4) رتبه دوم نسبت به سه فصل‌دیگر؛ فصل بهار با کیفیت(خیلی­خوب: 2، خوب: 2، قابل­قبول: 11 و ناچیزحاشیه­ای: 7) در رتبه سوم نسبت به فصل­های دیگر و فصل زمستان با وضعیت(قابل­قبول: 1، ناچیزحاشیه­ای: 14، نامناسب: 5 و بسیارنامناسب: 2) در رتبه چهارم و نامطلوب­ترین حالات نسبت به سایر فصول به خود اختصاص دادند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: شمال غرب ایران با داشتن جاذبه‌های گردشگری زیاد می‌تواند مقدمات حضور گردشگران داخلی و خارجی باشد. مناظرزیبا و منحصربه‌فرد و شرایط آب‌وهوای متنوع در تمامی فصول می‌تواند در راستای توسعه این صنعت گام‌های استوار برداشته و بهره‌های فراوان داشته باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract Background and Objective: Recognizing the climatic potentias, as a basis for human activities, provides the predominant foundation for environmental and land use plannning. Most of the tourists follow climate considerations to choose the destination. The aim of this study was to evaluate and render the zoning of seasonal tourism at the northwest of Iran using tourism climatic index (T.C.I). Method: In this study, to assess the climatic conditions from the tourism perspective, the climatic data from 22 synoptic stations in the northwest Iran for a period of 20 years (1990-2010) were collected. In this model, a 7-parameter system was used. These parameters included mean maximum temperature, average temperature, average minimum relative humidity, mean relative humidity, total monthly precipitation, sunshine hours and daily average wind speed. The TCI index was used for data analysis and the tourism climate maps were drawn for four seasons using GIS. Findings: The results show that the TCI index has a large variety of topography in the northwest because of conflicts over the years. Summer with the conditions as infinite ideal: 7, ideal condition: 10, excellent quality: 3, acceptable: 1 and very good condition: 1 ranked the first among other three seasons. Autumn with the conditions as perfect: 4, very good: 11, good: 3 and acceptable: 4 ranked the second. Spring season with the spesifications as very good: 2, good: 2, acceptable: 11 and insignifcant: 7 ranked. Winter with the conditions as acceptable: 1, insignificant: 14, poor: 5 and very poor: 2 ranked the fourth place and the most unfavorable condition among the other seasons. Discussion and Conclusion: Northwest of Iran with great tourist attraction can be pioneer in local and foreign tourism. Beautiful scenery and unique and varied climate conditions in all seasons can greatly contribute to the development of this industry and lead to great benefits.

منابع و مأخذ:


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_||_

  1. Mohammadi, H., 2010. Applied Meteorology. Tehran University Press. 2 Edition. (In Persian)
    2.
  2. Zolfaghari, H., 2007. Determining the appropriate calendar for circulation in Tabriz using physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and average predicted polling (PMV) indices. Journal of Geographical Research. No. 62(in Persian)
    3.
  3. Holjeva, Ivanka., 2003. a vision of tourism and the hotel industry in the 21 century, hospitality management; Vol 22 Lin.
    4.
  4. Masoumi, M., 2009. An Introduction to Approaches in Tourism Development Planning, Tehran. Samira Publications, 1 Edition. (In Persian)
    5.
  5. Farajzadeh Asl, M., Ghorbani, A., Lashkarri H., 2008. Investigation of Architectural Adaptation of Sanandaj Buildings with Its Environmental Conditions by Mahani Method, Journal of the Moderator of Humanities. Vol. 12(2), pp. 161-180. (In Persian)
    6.
  6. Meaningful, M, and Roya M., 2011. Assessing the Impacts of the Shandiz Tourism Area in Mashhad on the Environment with the Purpose of Realizing Sustainable Development. Tourism and Sustainable Development Conference. pp 14-10. (In Persian)
    7.
  7. Ghademi, A., Firoozjani. N., 2012. Assessment of the development of destination tourism in the framework of sustainability. Geospatial Geography Quarterly. Year 27 Issue: 1. (In Persian)
    8.
  8. Tawasi, T, Yari, M., 2013. Determination of Temperature Range of Comfort in Tourism Tourism Planning in Sistan & Balouchestan Province. Geography and Development. Vol. 6(31), pp. 29-46. (In Persian)
    9.
  9. Baratian, A, Rezaei, M., 2013. Spatial Analysis of the Tourism Climate Index in Ilam Province Using the TCI Model. Journal of Spatial Planning (Geography). Vol. 2(9), pp. 101-118. (In Persian)
    10.
  10. Ghanbari, C, Karimi, J., 2013. Study of Climate Change Index (T.C.I) changes in Isfahan Province during the period (1976-2005). Regional Planning Quarterly. Vol. 12(3), pp. 71-82. (In Persian)
    11.
  11. Shaeei, A, Aghajani, N, Aghababa., 2014. Tourism Development of Taleghan City Using Index. Biochemistry and Soot, Journal of Urban Planning Studies. 1393; the second year. Vol. 8(4), pp. 149-172. (In Persian)
    12.
  12. Jafari, M., Sobhani, A., Astani, S., 2014. Determination of the tourism climate index of Sarab Gian Nahavand using GIS. Journal of Human and Environment. Vol. 29(3), pp. 21-37. (In Persian)
    13.
  13. Zarabi, A, Alizadeh Asl, J, and Isa., 2013. Analyzing the tourism infrastructure in the ecotourist destination of Urmia by using the SWOT approach. Geography and Planning. Vol. 18(48), pp. 68-79. (In Persian)
    14.
  14. Hairdresser, M., Parsifar, M., 2015. Evaluation of tourism climate in Zanjan province using the TCI index in GIS environment. Journal of Geography and Urban Planning. Vol. 8(27), pp. 59-81. (In Persian)
    15.
  15. Torkashvand M., 2016. Time and location assessment of weather and climate of Hamedan province using physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and nervous pressure indices. Seasonal Schedule of the Land. Vol. 2(4), pp. 111-120. (In Persian)
    16.
  16. Zaninovic K, Matzarakis A., 2007. variation and trends of thermal comfort at the Adriatic coast; Meteorological and hydrological service, climatological research department,1000,gric3 , cric3, croati.
    17.
  17. Gandomkar. A and Mohseni. N., 2011. Analysis and Estimate Tourism Climate Index of Mazandaran Province, Using TCI Model, 2nd International Conference on Business, Economics and Tourism Management, IPEDR vol.24, IACSIT Press, Singapore.
    18.
  18. Gandomkar.A., 2011. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Tourism Climate Comfort in Isfahan Province, 2nd International Conference on Business, Economics and Tourism Management, IPEDR vol.24, IACSIT Press, Singapore.
    19.
  19. Ahmadi. M.A., 2012. Evaluation of tourism climate comfort in order to attract more tourists - Case study: Sanandaj city in Iran, Life Science Journal; 9(3):623-629, (ISSN: 1097-8135).
    20.
  20. Fang, Y., Yin, J., 2015, National Assessment of Climate Resources for Tourism Seasonality in China Using the Tourism Climate Index, Atmosphere, 6:183-194.
    21.
  21. Nicholls, S., Amelung, B., 2015. Implications of Climate Change for Rural Tourism in the Nordic Region, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15 (2): 48–72.
    22.
  22. Tzu, M. Liu, T.M., 2016. The influence of climate change on tourism demand in Taiwan national parks, Tourism Management Perspectives, 20: 269–275.
    23.
  23. Zhang, H.Q. Kulendran, N., 2016. The Impact of Climate Variables on Seasonal Variation in Hong Kong Inbound Tourism Demand, Journal of Travel Research, DOI: 2875156196, 1-14.
    24.
  24. Saidi, A.; Ataee, H. Alawinia, F., 2012. Assessment of Comfort climate of Khuzestan province using the TCI index. Journal of the Iranian Geographic Society. Vol. 10(34), pp. 278-298.(In Persian)
    25.
  25. Asadollahi, Z, Golkar, A. and Alizadeh, A., 2012. Study of comfort index of tourism climate of Choghakhor wetland in order to develop sustainable tourism. Journal of environmental sciences. Issue: 50. pp 61-54. (In Persian)
    26.

 

 

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