بررسی قابلیت حذف یون های کادمیم از محلول‌های آبی توسط خاکستر برگ درخت نخل
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)ملیحه امینی 1 , محمدعلی ضیائی مدبونی 2 , آرزو شریفی 3
1 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانش آموخته دکتری گروه حشره شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.
3 - دانش آموخته دکتری گروه خاک شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.
کلید واژه: آلودگی, خاکستر, جذب, کادمیم, سیستم ناپیوسته,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده زمینه و هدف: برگ نخل یکی از پسماندهای کشاورزی است که سالانه در حجم وسیعی در کشور تولید می شود. در این مطالعه قابلیت خاکستر برگ نخل به عنوان یک ماده جاذب ارزان قیمت جهت حذف یون‌های Cadmium (II) از محلول های آبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: متغیرها شامل pH (7-2)، غلظت یون های فلزی در محلول (mg/l 350-50) و مقدار جاذب (g/l 14- 1/0) در سیستم جذب ناپیوسته بودند. یافته‌ها: pH بهینه برای حذف یون های Cd(II)، 4 به دست آمد. بررسی متغیر میزان جاذب در این مطالعه نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار جاذب از 1/0 تا g/l 11 میزان جذب افزایش و پس از آن تا g/l 14 که حد بالای متغیر مورد نظر است، تقریبا ثابت شود. هم چنین کارایی جذب در مدت 60 دقیقه در غلظت mg/l 100 بیش ترین مقدار بود. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج، در نهایت جذب بهینه در شرایط pH 4، میزان جاذب g/l 11 و غلظت یون های کادمیم mg/l100 برابر %36/92 به دست آمد.جمع بندی نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که خاکستر برگ نخل دارای پتانسیل بسیار خوبی جهت حذف یون های سمی فلزات سنگین از قبیل کادمیم از محلول های آبی می باشد.
Background and Objective: Annually large amount of date-palm leafs are produced as waste products of agriculture are produced in Iran. In this study, the potential of date-palm leaf ashes as an inexpensive adsorbent for Cd (II) removal from aqueous solutions has been usedwas investigated.Method: The studied vvariables were as pH (2-7), Cd (II) ion concentrations (50 – 350 mg/l), and adsorbent dose (0.1 – 14 g/l) in batch systems.Findings: The optimum pH for the removal of Cd (II) ions was equal to 4. IExperiments for investigate of the effect of adsorbent dose showed that the removal efficiency increased with the increasing increase of adsorbent dose from 0.1 to 11g/l the removal efficiency increased and after thatafter that the, removal efficiency was stabled with the increasing increase of adsorbent dose, removal efficiency was stabled. The removal efficiency reached the highest value at 60 minutes in 100 mg/l Cd(II) concentration was highest value.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, optimum conditions for desirable Cd(II) removal efficiency of 92.36% was obtained Cd(II) in pH 4, adsorbent dose of 11g/l and Cd(II) ions concentration of 100 mg/l. was obtained 92.36%. This study concluded indicated that, date-palm leaf ashes, have a good potential, as an adsorbent, to remove the toxic heavy metals like including cadmium from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Pollution, Ash, Adsorption, Cadmium
1- Wang, X. S., Lu, Z. P., Miao, H. H., He, W., Shen, H.L., 2010. Kinetics of Pb (II) adsorption on black carbon derived from wheat residue. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 166, pp. 986-993.
2- Liu, Y-g., Fan, T., Zeng, G-m., Li, X., Tong, Q., Ye, F., Zhou, M., Xu, W-h., Huang, Y-e., 2006. Removal of cadmium and zinc ions from aqueous solution by living Aspergillus niger. Transition NonferrousMetals Society China, Vol. 16, pp. 681-686.
3- Bahadir, T., Bakan, G., Altas, L., Buyukgungor, H., 2007. The investigation of lead removal by biosorption: An application at storage battery industry wastewaters. Enzyme Microbiology and Technology, Vol. 41, pp. 98- 102.
4- Iqbal, M., Saeed, A., Zafar, S. I., 2007. Hybrid biosorbent: an innovative matrix to enhance the biosorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 148, pp. 47-55
5- Chubar, N., Carvalho, J. R., Correia, M. J. N., 2004. Heavy metals biosorption on cork biomass: effect of the pre- treatment.Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, Vol. 238, pp.51-58.
6- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., 2009. Statistical modeling and optimization of the cadmium biosorption process in an aqueous solution using Aspergillus niger. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 337, pp. 67-73.
7- Sawalha, M. F., Peralta-Videa, J. R., Romero-González, J., Duarte-Gardea, M., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., 2007. Thermodynamic and isotherm studies of the biosorption of Cu (П), Pb(П), and Zn(П) by leaves of saltbush (Atriplex canescens). Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol. 39, pp. 488- 492.
8- Bulut, Y., Baysal, Z., 2006. Removal of Pb(II) from wastewater using wheat bran. Journal of Environment Management, Vol. 78, pp.107-13.
9- Mungasavalli, D. P., Viraraghavan, T., Jin, Y-C., 2007. Biosorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by pretreated Aspergillus niger: Batch and column studies. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, Vol. 301, pp. 214-223.
10- Khademi, R., Behseresht, R., Farar, N., 2005. Common practices for the use of plant remains in the country's foliage, the first scientific conference on the management of plant remains, Tehran. (In Persian).
11- Ghorbani, F., Sanati, A. M., Younesi, H., Ghoreyshi, A. A., 2012. The Potential of Date-palm Leaf Ash as Low-cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution. International Journal of Engineering: Applications, Vol. 25(4), pp. 296-278
12- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., Zinatizadeh Lorestani, A. A., Ghorbani, F., Daneshi, A., Sharifzadeh, M., 2008. Application of response surface methodology for optimization of lead biosorption in an aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 54, pp. 694-702.
13- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., 2013. Biosorption of U(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Chlorella vulgaris: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies. Journal of environmental engineering, Vol. 139, pp. 410-421.
14- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., 2008. Process modeling and optimization of nickel ions biosorption by Aspergillus niger in an aqueous solution using response surface methodology and isotherm models. Chemosphere, pp. 1483- 1491.
15- Liu S. Y., Gao, J., Yang, Y. J., Yang, Y. C., Ye, Z. X., 2010. Adsorption intrinsic kinetics and isotherms of lead ions on steel slag. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 173, pp. 558-62.
16- Dursun, A. Y., 2006. A comparative study on determination of the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of biosorption of copper (II) and lead(II) ions onto pretreated Aspergillus niger. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 28, pp.187–195.
17- Akar, T., Tunali, S., Kiran, I., 2005. Botrytis cinerea as a new fungal biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 227-235.
18- Selatnia, A., Boukazoula, A., Kechid, N., Bakhti, M. Z., Chergui, A., Kerchich, Y., 2004b. Biosorption of lead (II)from aqueous solution by a bacterial dead Streptomyces rimosus biomass. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 127-135.
19- Congeevaram, S., Dhanarani, S., Park, J., Dexilin, M., Thamaraiselvi, K., 2007. Biosorption of chromium and nickel by heavy metal resistant fungal and bacterial isolates. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 146, pp. 270- 277.
20- Azila, Y., Mashita, M. D., Bhatia, S., 2008. Biosorption of copper (II) onto immobilized cells of Pycnoporus sanguineus from aqueous solution: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 161, pp.189-195.
21- Selatnia, A., Madani, A., Bakhti, M. Z., Kertous, L., Mansouri, Y., Yous, R., 2004c. Biosorption of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by a NaOH-treated bacterial dead Streptomyces rimosus biomass, Mineral Engineering, Vol. 17, pp. 903–911.
22- Han, R., Li, H., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Xiao, H., Shi, J., 2006. Biosorption of copper and lead ions by waste beer yeast. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 137, pp. 1569-1576.
23- Nourbakhsh, M. N., Kiliçarslan, S., Ilhan, S., Ozdag, H., 2002. Biosorption of Cr6+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in industrial waste water on Bacillus sp. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 85, pp. 351-355.
24- Apiratikul, R., Pavasant, P., 2008. Batch and column studies of biosorption of heavy metals by Caulerpa lentillifer. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 2766–2777.
25- Pradhan, S., Singh, S., Rai, L. C., 2007. Characterization of various functional groups present in the capsule of Microcystis and study of their role in biosorption of Fe, Ni and Cr. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 98, pp. 595-601.
26- Park, D., Yun, Y-S., Jo, J. H., Park, J. M., 2005. Mechanism of hexavalent chromium removal by dead fungal biomass of Aspergillus niger. Water Resource, Vol. 39, pp. 533-540.
_||_
1- Wang, X. S., Lu, Z. P., Miao, H. H., He, W., Shen, H.L., 2010. Kinetics of Pb (II) adsorption on black carbon derived from wheat residue. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 166, pp. 986-993.
2- Liu, Y-g., Fan, T., Zeng, G-m., Li, X., Tong, Q., Ye, F., Zhou, M., Xu, W-h., Huang, Y-e., 2006. Removal of cadmium and zinc ions from aqueous solution by living Aspergillus niger. Transition NonferrousMetals Society China, Vol. 16, pp. 681-686.
3- Bahadir, T., Bakan, G., Altas, L., Buyukgungor, H., 2007. The investigation of lead removal by biosorption: An application at storage battery industry wastewaters. Enzyme Microbiology and Technology, Vol. 41, pp. 98- 102.
4- Iqbal, M., Saeed, A., Zafar, S. I., 2007. Hybrid biosorbent: an innovative matrix to enhance the biosorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 148, pp. 47-55
5- Chubar, N., Carvalho, J. R., Correia, M. J. N., 2004. Heavy metals biosorption on cork biomass: effect of the pre- treatment.Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, Vol. 238, pp.51-58.
6- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., 2009. Statistical modeling and optimization of the cadmium biosorption process in an aqueous solution using Aspergillus niger. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 337, pp. 67-73.
7- Sawalha, M. F., Peralta-Videa, J. R., Romero-González, J., Duarte-Gardea, M., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., 2007. Thermodynamic and isotherm studies of the biosorption of Cu (П), Pb(П), and Zn(П) by leaves of saltbush (Atriplex canescens). Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol. 39, pp. 488- 492.
8- Bulut, Y., Baysal, Z., 2006. Removal of Pb(II) from wastewater using wheat bran. Journal of Environment Management, Vol. 78, pp.107-13.
9- Mungasavalli, D. P., Viraraghavan, T., Jin, Y-C., 2007. Biosorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by pretreated Aspergillus niger: Batch and column studies. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, Vol. 301, pp. 214-223.
10- Khademi, R., Behseresht, R., Farar, N., 2005. Common practices for the use of plant remains in the country's foliage, the first scientific conference on the management of plant remains, Tehran. (In Persian).
11- Ghorbani, F., Sanati, A. M., Younesi, H., Ghoreyshi, A. A., 2012. The Potential of Date-palm Leaf Ash as Low-cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution. International Journal of Engineering: Applications, Vol. 25(4), pp. 296-278
12- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., Zinatizadeh Lorestani, A. A., Ghorbani, F., Daneshi, A., Sharifzadeh, M., 2008. Application of response surface methodology for optimization of lead biosorption in an aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 54, pp. 694-702.
13- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., 2013. Biosorption of U(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Chlorella vulgaris: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies. Journal of environmental engineering, Vol. 139, pp. 410-421.
14- Amini, M., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., 2008. Process modeling and optimization of nickel ions biosorption by Aspergillus niger in an aqueous solution using response surface methodology and isotherm models. Chemosphere, pp. 1483- 1491.
15- Liu S. Y., Gao, J., Yang, Y. J., Yang, Y. C., Ye, Z. X., 2010. Adsorption intrinsic kinetics and isotherms of lead ions on steel slag. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 173, pp. 558-62.
16- Dursun, A. Y., 2006. A comparative study on determination of the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of biosorption of copper (II) and lead(II) ions onto pretreated Aspergillus niger. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 28, pp.187–195.
17- Akar, T., Tunali, S., Kiran, I., 2005. Botrytis cinerea as a new fungal biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 227-235.
18- Selatnia, A., Boukazoula, A., Kechid, N., Bakhti, M. Z., Chergui, A., Kerchich, Y., 2004b. Biosorption of lead (II)from aqueous solution by a bacterial dead Streptomyces rimosus biomass. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 127-135.
19- Congeevaram, S., Dhanarani, S., Park, J., Dexilin, M., Thamaraiselvi, K., 2007. Biosorption of chromium and nickel by heavy metal resistant fungal and bacterial isolates. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 146, pp. 270- 277.
20- Azila, Y., Mashita, M. D., Bhatia, S., 2008. Biosorption of copper (II) onto immobilized cells of Pycnoporus sanguineus from aqueous solution: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 161, pp.189-195.
21- Selatnia, A., Madani, A., Bakhti, M. Z., Kertous, L., Mansouri, Y., Yous, R., 2004c. Biosorption of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by a NaOH-treated bacterial dead Streptomyces rimosus biomass, Mineral Engineering, Vol. 17, pp. 903–911.
22- Han, R., Li, H., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Xiao, H., Shi, J., 2006. Biosorption of copper and lead ions by waste beer yeast. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 137, pp. 1569-1576.
23- Nourbakhsh, M. N., Kiliçarslan, S., Ilhan, S., Ozdag, H., 2002. Biosorption of Cr6+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in industrial waste water on Bacillus sp. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 85, pp. 351-355.
24- Apiratikul, R., Pavasant, P., 2008. Batch and column studies of biosorption of heavy metals by Caulerpa lentillifer. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 2766–2777.
25- Pradhan, S., Singh, S., Rai, L. C., 2007. Characterization of various functional groups present in the capsule of Microcystis and study of their role in biosorption of Fe, Ni and Cr. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 98, pp. 595-601.
26- Park, D., Yun, Y-S., Jo, J. H., Park, J. M., 2005. Mechanism of hexavalent chromium removal by dead fungal biomass of Aspergillus niger. Water Resource, Vol. 39, pp. 533-540.