ارزیابی میزان غلظت فلزات سنگین و میزان آلودگی در رسوبات، منطقه افیولیتی آلمه جوق (شمال شرق ایران)
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
محجوب حق پرست
1
,
حبیب الله ترشیزیان
2
,
رحیم دبیری
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/07/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/04/01
کلید واژه:
فلزات سنگین,
ژئوشیمی,
ضرایب آلودگی,
افیولیت فریمان,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده زمینه و هدف: فلزات سنگین می توانند با غلظت های پایین در خاک وجود داشته باشند و خاک را آلوده نمایند و با توجه به این که منطقه مورد مطالعه از نظر سنگ شناسی افیولیتی می باشد، می تواند باعث افزایش غلظت فلزات سنگین در منابع آب و خاک منطقه شود. در این مقاله به بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین و ارزیابی آلودگی در رسوبات منطقه آلمه جوق (افیولیت فریمان) پرداخته شده است. روش بررسی: به منظور بررسی میزان غلظت فلزات سنگین و نیز وضعیت آلودگی رسوبات درمنطقه مورد مطالعه، تعداد 9 نمونه از رسوبات منطقه از عمق 30- 20 سانتی متری برداشت گردید. نمونه ها به آزمایش گاه زیست محیطی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد انتقال داده شد و مقادیر پارامترهای pH و EC خاک اندازه گیری گردید.هم چنین مقدار10 گرم از خاک منطقه (مواد عبوری از الک200 مش) به آزمایش گاه ACMEکانادا انتقال داده شد تا به روش پلاسمای القایی اسپکترومتری جرمی (ICP-OES) برای تعیین میزان فلزات سنگین مورد آنالیز قرار گیرند. بحث و نتیجه گیری : بررسی هم بستگی فلزات سنگین توسط ضریب پیرسون، آنالیز خوشه ای و تحلیل مولفه اصلی نشان داد، دو منشاء متفاوت برای توزیع ژئوشیمیایی فلزات سنگین در رسوبات منطقه وجود دارد. مجموعه افیولیتی ،توزیع عناصر کبالت، نیکل و کروم و مجموعه پیروکلاستیک و ولکانیکی، توزیع عناصر آهن، مولیبدن، وانادیوم، مس، آرسنیک و سرب ،پتاسیم و کادمیوم را کنترل کرده اند. pH خاک های منطقه مورد مطالعه بر اساس طبقه بندی انجمن علوم خاک آمریکا، در محدوده نسبتاً قلیایی قرار می گیرند. ارزیابی عامل غنی شدگی نشان داد، نیکل غنی شدگی بی نهایت شدید دارد و عناصر آرسنیک و کروم در منطقه غنی شدگی شدید را نشان می دهند. غنی شدگی فوق نشانه منشاء آنتروپوژنیک می باشد. ضریب آلودگی نیز نشان می دهد، نیکل بالاترین آلودگی را در منطقه دارا است. شاخص زمین انباشتگی نیز نشان از آلوده بودن رسوبات منطقه به نیکل دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Heavy metals can be present at low concentrations in the soil and contaminate it. Since the study area is ophiolite in terms of lithology, it can increase the concentration of heavy metals in soil and water resources. In this study, the concentration of heavy metals has been investigated and the pollution in sediments of Almejogh region (Fariman ophiolite) is evaluation. Method: To study the concentration of heavy metals and sediment pollution in the study area, 9 samples of sediment were taken from depth of 30 to 20 cm. The samples were transferred the environmental laboratories of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad and the amounts of pH and EC in soil were measured. 10 grams of soil (material passing through a 200-mesh sieve) was transferred to the ACME Laboratories of Canada in order to be analyzed for determining the amount of heavy metals by the induction plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. Discussion and Conclusion: Study of the correlation of heavy metals by Pearson coefficient, cluster analysis and principal components analysis showed that there are two different origins for geochemical distribution of heavy metals in sediment of the region. Ophiolite set of distribution of Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium and Pyroclastic and volcanic set as well as distribution of Iron elements, Molybdenum, Vanadium, Copper, Arsenic, Lead, Potassium and Cadmium were controlled. The pH of the soil in the study area fell within the pretty alkaline limit based on the classification of American soil science society. Evaluation of enrichment factor showed that Nickel has a very high enrichment and Arsenic and Chromium were in a high enrichment region. The above enrichment is indicative of anthropogenic origin. The pollution coefficient also showed that Nickel has the highest pollution in the region. The index of accumulation (of earth) also indicates t contamination of the sediment with Nickel in the region.
منابع و مأخذ:
Reference
Rosazi-Boroujeni, Kh, 2009, Investigating the sources of pollution of soil and water by heavy metals in Hashtroud city with an attitude towards arsenic and its environmental effects, Master's thesis, Faculty of Sciences, Tehran University, 172 pages, (In persian).
Keshavarz, B., Moor, F, 2009, Arsenic geomedicine in the gold deposit area of Muteh, Isfahan, 27th Symposium of Geosciences, Iranian Geological Society, (In persian).
Misra, S. G., Dinesh Mani, 2009, Soil Pollution, Published by S.B. Nangia, New Delhi.
Richard, F. C., Bourg, A.C.M., 1991. Aqueous geochemistry of chromium.a review. Wat. Res. Vol.25, pp.807–816.
Robles Camacho, J. & A. M., Armineta, 2000. Natural chromium contamination of groundwater at Leo’n Valley Mexico Journal of Geochemical Exploration 68 (2000) 167–181
Oze, J. C, 2003. Chromium geochemistry of serpentinite and serpentin soils. Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences and the Committee on Graduate Studies of Stanford University.
Altman, L. K., 1992, High levels of iron are tied to an increased risk of heart disease, The New York times, sept8j, p2
Aghanabati, A., 2004. Geology of Iran. Geological survey of Iran, 707 pages, (In persian).
Darvishzadeh, A., 1991. Geology of Iran. Nashr Danesh Emrouz Publication, 705 pages, (In persian).
Haddadan, M, 2008. Geological map of Iran, Fariman sheet, scale 1: 100,000. Geological Survey of Iran. Tehran, (In persian).
Van Ranst, E., Verloo, M., Demeyer, A. and Pauwels, J.M., 1999. Manual for the soil chemistry and fertility laboratory: analytical methods for soils and plants equipment, and management of consumables.
Acosta, J. A., Faz, A., Mrtinez, S. M., 2009, Identification of heavy metal sources by multivariable analysis in a typical Mediterranean city (SE Spain), Environ Monit Assess, DOI 10.1007/s10661-1194-0
Kabata-Pendias., A., 2011- Trace elements in soils and plants, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 534
Miller, N. J., Miller, J. C., (2000). “Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry.” Pearson Education, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp. 288.
Yusufi, M, 2006, Application of Computer in Mine, Jahad Daneshgahi, Amirkabir Industrial University, 282 pages, (In persian).
Turekian, K. K., Wedepohl, K. H, 1961- Distribution of elements in some major units of the earth , s crust, Geol. Soc. Of American Bull,72,192-175
Zhang, W., 2009, "Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone an assessment from different indexes”, Environmental Pollution Vol.1-11
Adamo, P., Arenzo, M., Imperato, M., Naimo, D., Nardi, G., Stanzione, D., 2005- Distribution and partition of heavy metal in surface and sub-surface sediments of Naples City Por, Chemosphere, v. 61, pp: 800- 809.
Loska, K., Chebual, J., Pleczar, J., Wiechla, D., Kwapulinski, J., 1995-Use of environment and contamination factors together with geo accumulation indexes to elevate the content of Cd, Cu and Ni in the Rybink water reservoir in Poland” Water, Air and Soil pollution, 93,pp: 347-365.
Devesa Rey, R., F. Díaz Fierros, and M. T. Barral. 2009, "Normalization strategies for river bed sediments, a graphical approach." Microchemical Journal 91.2 (2009), pp. 253- 265
Chen, C.W., Kao, C.M., Chen, C.F., & Dong, C.D. 2007; "Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan", Chemosphere Vol. 66, No. 8, pp. 1431- 1440
Abrahim, G. M. S., Parker, R. J., 2008, Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki. Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 136, pp. 227- 238.
Adomako, D., Nyarko, B.J.B., Dampare, S.B., Serfor Armah, Y., Osae, S., Fianko, J.R., Akaho, E. H., 2008, Determination of toxic elements in waters and sediments from River Subin in the Ashanti Region of Ghana”. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 141, pp. 165- 175
Hakanson L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14:975-1001.
Muller, G.; 1979; "Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins Veranderungenseit 1971“,Umschau Vol. 79, No. 24, pp. 778- 783
Audrey, S., Schafer, J., Blanc, G., Jouanneau, JM, 2004; "Fifty year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) in the Lot River reservoirs (France)", Environmental Pollution Vol.132, No. 3, pp. 413- 426
Gonzales, Macias, C., Schifter, I., Liuch, Cota, D. B., ,endez Rodriguez, L., & Hernandez Vazquez, S., 2006; "Distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in coastal sediments of Salina Cruz Bay, Mexico", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 118, pp. 211- 230
Ghrefat, H., Yusuf, N. 2006, "Assessing Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd pollution in bottom sediments of Wadi AL Arab Dam, Jordan", Chemosphere 65, pp. 2114- 2121.
Luoping Zhang, X, Y., HuanFeng, Y, J., Tong Ouyang, X, Y.,Rongyuan Liang, C, G., Weiqi,C., 2007, Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China, Mar Pollut Bull 54, pp. 974–982.
_||_
Reference
Rosazi-Boroujeni, Kh, 2009, Investigating the sources of pollution of soil and water by heavy metals in Hashtroud city with an attitude towards arsenic and its environmental effects, Master's thesis, Faculty of Sciences, Tehran University, 172 pages, (In persian).
Keshavarz, B., Moor, F, 2009, Arsenic geomedicine in the gold deposit area of Muteh, Isfahan, 27th Symposium of Geosciences, Iranian Geological Society, (In persian).
Misra, S. G., Dinesh Mani, 2009, Soil Pollution, Published by S.B. Nangia, New Delhi.
Richard, F. C., Bourg, A.C.M., 1991. Aqueous geochemistry of chromium.a review. Wat. Res. Vol.25, pp.807–816.
Robles Camacho, J. & A. M., Armineta, 2000. Natural chromium contamination of groundwater at Leo’n Valley Mexico Journal of Geochemical Exploration 68 (2000) 167–181
Oze, J. C, 2003. Chromium geochemistry of serpentinite and serpentin soils. Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences and the Committee on Graduate Studies of Stanford University.
Altman, L. K., 1992, High levels of iron are tied to an increased risk of heart disease, The New York times, sept8j, p2
Aghanabati, A., 2004. Geology of Iran. Geological survey of Iran, 707 pages, (In persian).
Darvishzadeh, A., 1991. Geology of Iran. Nashr Danesh Emrouz Publication, 705 pages, (In persian).
Haddadan, M, 2008. Geological map of Iran, Fariman sheet, scale 1: 100,000. Geological Survey of Iran. Tehran, (In persian).
Van Ranst, E., Verloo, M., Demeyer, A. and Pauwels, J.M., 1999. Manual for the soil chemistry and fertility laboratory: analytical methods for soils and plants equipment, and management of consumables.
Acosta, J. A., Faz, A., Mrtinez, S. M., 2009, Identification of heavy metal sources by multivariable analysis in a typical Mediterranean city (SE Spain), Environ Monit Assess, DOI 10.1007/s10661-1194-0
Kabata-Pendias., A., 2011- Trace elements in soils and plants, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 534
Miller, N. J., Miller, J. C., (2000). “Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry.” Pearson Education, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp. 288.
Yusufi, M, 2006, Application of Computer in Mine, Jahad Daneshgahi, Amirkabir Industrial University, 282 pages, (In persian).
Turekian, K. K., Wedepohl, K. H, 1961- Distribution of elements in some major units of the earth , s crust, Geol. Soc. Of American Bull,72,192-175
Zhang, W., 2009, "Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone an assessment from different indexes”, Environmental Pollution Vol.1-11
Adamo, P., Arenzo, M., Imperato, M., Naimo, D., Nardi, G., Stanzione, D., 2005- Distribution and partition of heavy metal in surface and sub-surface sediments of Naples City Por, Chemosphere, v. 61, pp: 800- 809.
Loska, K., Chebual, J., Pleczar, J., Wiechla, D., Kwapulinski, J., 1995-Use of environment and contamination factors together with geo accumulation indexes to elevate the content of Cd, Cu and Ni in the Rybink water reservoir in Poland” Water, Air and Soil pollution, 93,pp: 347-365.
Devesa Rey, R., F. Díaz Fierros, and M. T. Barral. 2009, "Normalization strategies for river bed sediments, a graphical approach." Microchemical Journal 91.2 (2009), pp. 253- 265
Chen, C.W., Kao, C.M., Chen, C.F., & Dong, C.D. 2007; "Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan", Chemosphere Vol. 66, No. 8, pp. 1431- 1440
Abrahim, G. M. S., Parker, R. J., 2008, Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki. Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 136, pp. 227- 238.
Adomako, D., Nyarko, B.J.B., Dampare, S.B., Serfor Armah, Y., Osae, S., Fianko, J.R., Akaho, E. H., 2008, Determination of toxic elements in waters and sediments from River Subin in the Ashanti Region of Ghana”. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 141, pp. 165- 175
Hakanson L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14:975-1001.
Muller, G.; 1979; "Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins Veranderungenseit 1971“,Umschau Vol. 79, No. 24, pp. 778- 783
Audrey, S., Schafer, J., Blanc, G., Jouanneau, JM, 2004; "Fifty year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) in the Lot River reservoirs (France)", Environmental Pollution Vol.132, No. 3, pp. 413- 426
Gonzales, Macias, C., Schifter, I., Liuch, Cota, D. B., ,endez Rodriguez, L., & Hernandez Vazquez, S., 2006; "Distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in coastal sediments of Salina Cruz Bay, Mexico", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 118, pp. 211- 230
Ghrefat, H., Yusuf, N. 2006, "Assessing Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd pollution in bottom sediments of Wadi AL Arab Dam, Jordan", Chemosphere 65, pp. 2114- 2121.
Luoping Zhang, X, Y., HuanFeng, Y, J., Tong Ouyang, X, Y.,Rongyuan Liang, C, G., Weiqi,C., 2007, Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China, Mar Pollut Bull 54, pp. 974–982.
