ارزیابی تاب‌آوری اجتماعات محلی شهر اصفهان در برابر خشک شدن رودخانه زاینده‌رود و مادی‌ها
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
ملیکاسادات امیرزاده
1
(دکترای شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران.)
ناصر برک پور
2
(استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران.* (مسوول مکاتبات))
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/01/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/03/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/07/01
کلید واژه:
مادی,
تاب آوری اجتماعات محلی,
رودخانه زاینده رود,
ارزیابی تاب آوری,
اصفهان,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: زاینده رود بزرگ ترین رود ناحیه مرکزی ایران است که در طول تاریخ نقش مهمی در رشد شهر اصفهان و ایجاد منظری سبز برای این شهر در اقلیم گرم و خشک ایفا نموده است. یکی از مهم ترین وقایعی که در دهه های اخیر، شهر اصفهان و اجتماعات محلی ساکن در آن را تحت تاثیر قرار داده است، خشک شدن رودخانه زاینده رود و مادی هاست. مادی ها که در ابتدا برای اهداف کشاورزی احداث شده بودند، با توسعه شهر به تدریج به مسیرهای سبز داخل بافت محله ها تبدیل شدند. این آبراه ها همواره به عنوان یکی از اجزای اصلی زیرساخت محله ها با نقش کلیدی اکولوژیک و اجتماعی محسوب می شدند. خشک شدن مادی ها تاثیرات نامطلوبی بر حس مکان محله ها و زندگی اجتماعات محلی داشته است. بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر دستیابی به میزان تاب آوری دو اجتماع محلی همجوار با مادی ها (محله عباس آباد و محله برازنده) در برابر خشک شدن رودخانه زاینده رود و مادی ها در شهر اصفهان است.روش بررسی: به منظور ارزیابی تاب آوری، تکنیک پیمایش و تحلیل داده های ثانویه با اتکا بر چارچوب اجتماعات محلی تاب آور تدوین شده در سال 1397مد نظر قرار گرفت. در مجموع، 22 نفر از مدیران و کارشناسان شهری و 379 نفر از ساکنان دو اجتماع محلی مورد مطالعه، مورد پیمایش قرار گرفتند. تحلیل داده ها، با استفاده از روش های کمی و نرم افزار تحلیل داده های آماری SPSS صورت پذیرفت.یافته ها: نتایج، نشا ن دهنده این است که به طور کلی امتیاز تاب آوری دو محله عباس آباد و برازنده، در سطح زیر متوسط قرار دارد. کمترین میزان تاب آ وری مربوط به عوامل نهادی/حکمروایی محلی در محله ها در حدود 7/1 است و بیشترین آن مربوط به عوامل کالبدی- فضایی در محله عباس آباد، 25/3 از مجموع 5 امتیاز است.بحث و نتیجه گیری: مفهوم تاب آوری اجتماعات محلی صرفا به معنای توانایی مواجه شدن و مقابله با شرایط نامساعد توسط اجتماعات نیست. درحالی که به نظر می رسد اجتماعات محلی شهر اصفهان با وضعیت موجود کنار آمده اند، نتایج ارزیابی تاب آوری اجتماعات محلی موردنظر در برابر خشک شدن رودخانه زاینده رود و مادی ها از سطح متوسط پایین تر است. بنابراین نیاز به راهکارهایی در زمینه تقویت تاب آوری اجتماعات محلی شهر اصفهان وجود دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Zayandehrood River is the largest river of central Iran, which passes through the city of Isfahan. This river has constantly contributed to the growth of Isfahan and, throughout the history, has provided the city with a green landscape, despite the hot and arid climate of the region. Moreover, Madies are neighborhood aqua-ducts from Zayandehrood, initially developed for agricultural purposes and, as the city developed, turned into greenways for urban fabric. These aqua-ducts have been one of the major infrastructural elements of neighborhoods with key ecological and social roles. Recently, Zayandehrood’s drying up has become one of the most important incidents with devastating impacts on Isfahan and its local communities. Madies’ drying up has had negative impacts on the neighborhoods’ sense of place as well as local communities’ lives. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the resilience of two local communities in the vicinity of Madies in Isfahan, namely Abbas Abad and Barazandeh districts.Material and Methodology: This research incorporated survey and secondary data analysis to evaluate the resilience of these communities. The research was conducted based on a pre-developed community resilience framework. Overall, 22 authorities and experts from the Municipality of Isfahan and 379 residents from the two local communities were surveyed. Afterwards, the resulting data was analyzed quantitatively through SPSS software.Findings: The findings show that the overall community resilience level is below the moderate level. The lowest score, belonging to local institutional/governance factors, is 1.7 and the highest score is 3.25, a few points higher than the moderate level. The latter score belongs to spatio-physical factors in Abbas Abad district.Discussion and Conclusion: Community resilience is not limited to the ability of communities in withstanding adverse situations. Although the local communities of Isfahan are apparently accustomed to the status quo, the overall score of community resilience of these communities is below the moderate level. Therefore, there should be strategies to enhance the resilience of local communities in the city.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Amirzadeh, M., Sobhaninia, S., Buckman, S. T., and Sharifi, A. 2022. Towards building resilient cities to pandemics: A review of COVID-19 literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 104326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104326
Amirzadeh, M., and Barakpour, N, 2019, Developing a Framework for Community Resilience to Drought in Isfahan through Qualitative Research Method and ATLAS-ti Software, Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol 44(4), pp. 763-781. Doi: 22059/JES.2019.269819.1007777 (In Persian)
Cohen, O., Leykin, D., Lahad, M., Goldberg, A., and Aharonson-Daniel, L., 2013. The conjoint community resiliency assessment measure as a baseline for profiling and predicting community resilience for emergencies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.12.009
Cohen, O., Goldberg, A., Lahad, M., and Aharonson-Daniel, L., 2017. Building resilience: The relationship between information provided by municipal authorities during emergency situations and community resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 121, pp. 119–125.
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Godschalk, D. R., 2003. Urban hazard mitigation: creating resilient cities. Natural Hazard Review, pp. 136-143.
Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Anderies, J. M., and Abel, N., 2001. From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what? Ecosystems, Vol. 4, pp. 765–781.
Chelleri, L., 2012. From the «Resilient City» to urban resilience. A review essay on understanding and integrating the resilience perspective for urban systems. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, Vol. 58(2), pp. 287-306.
UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), 2012. How to make cities more resilient: A handbook for local government leaders. Geneva: UNISDR, The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.unisdr.org/campaign/resilientcities/assets/toolkit/documents/Handbook%20for%20local%20government%20leaders%20%5B2017%20Edition%5D.pdf.
Amirzadeh, M., Sobhaninia, S., and Sharifi, A. 2022. Urban resilience: A vague or an evolutionary concept?. Sustainable Cities and Society, 81, 103853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103853
Fleischhaur, M., 2008. The role of spatial planning in strengthening urban resilience. Dortmund: Institute of Spatial Planning (IRPUD), Faculty of Spatial Planning, Dortmund University of Technology.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., and Webb, J., 2008. A Place-based Model for Understanding Community Resilience to Natural Disasters. GlobalEnvironmentalChange, Vol.18, pp. 598-606.
Cutter, S. L., 2008. Community and Regional Resilience: Perspectives from Hazards, Disasters, and Emergency Management. online: CARRI Research Report 1.
Desouza, K. C., and Flanery, T. H., 2013. Designing, planning, and managing resilient cities: A conceptual framework. Cities, Vol. 35, pp.89-99.
Solecki, W., Seto, K., Balk, D., Bigio, A., Boone, C., Creutzig, F., Zwickel, T. , 2015. A conceptual framework for an urban areas typology to integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation. Urban Climate, Vol. 14, pp. 116–137.
Sharifi, A., and Yamagata, Y. ,2016. Principles and criteria for assessing urban energy resilience : A literature review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 60, pp. 1654–1677.
Tyler, S., and Moench, M., 2012. A framework for urban climate resilience. Climate and Development, Vol. 4(4), pp. 311-326.
Zautra, A., Hall, J., and Murray, K., 2009. Community development and community resilience: An integrative approach. community development, Vol. 39(3), pp. 130-147.
Asadzadeh, A., Kötter, T., Salehi, P., and Birkmann, J., 2017. Operationalizing a concept: The systematic review of composite indicator building for measuring community disaster resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.015
Hung, H.-C., Yang, C.-Y., Chien, C.-Y., and Liu, Y.-C., 2016. Building resilience: Mainstreaming community participation into integrated assessment of resilience to climatic hazards in metropolitan land use management. Land Use Policy, Vol. 50, pp.48–58.
Torabi, E., Dedekorkut-Howes, A., and Howes, M., 2017. Adapting or maladapting: Building resilience to climate-related disasters in coastal cities. Cities, Vol, 72(B), pp. 295-309.
Morley, Ph., Russell-Smith, J., Sangha, K., Sutton, S., Sithole, B., 2018. Evaluating resilience in two remote Australian communities, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 212, pp. 1257-1264.
Wilson, G. A., Schermer, M., Stotten, R., 2018. The resilience and vulnerability of remote mountain communities: The case of Vent, Austrian Alps. Land Use Policy, Vol.71, pp. 372–383.
Ahari, Z., 2001. Isfahan School in Urban Planning, Tehran: Art University. (In Persian)
Nabatinejad, M., Sadeghian, A., Mehrshad, A., 2015. Socio- cultural Identity of Neighborhoods in Isfahan, Isfahan: Municipality of Isfahan. (In Persian)
Jones, L., and Tanner, Th., 2017. ‘Subjective resilience’: using perceptions to quantify household resilience to climate extremes and disasters. Regional Environmental Change, Vol. 17. pp. 229–243.
Amirzadeh, M., and Barakpour, N. 2021. Strategies for building community resilience against slow-onset hazards. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 66, 102599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102599
Pazhuhan, M., Amirzadeh, M., Värnik, R., Pietrzykowski, M., Lopez-Carr, D., and Azadi, H. 2023. The impact of social capital on the resilience of flood-prone communities: The case study of northern Iran. Environmental Development, 48, 100902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100902
Sobhaninia, S., Amirzadeh, M., Lauria, M., and Sharifi, A. 2023. The relationship between place identity and community resilience: Evidence from local communities in Isfahan, Iran. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 90, 103675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103675
Amirzadeh, M., Sobhaninia, S., Buckman, S. T., and Sharifi, A. 2022. Towards building resilient cities to pandemics: A review of COVID-19 literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 104326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104326
Amirzadeh, M., and Barakpour, N, 2019, Developing a Framework for Community Resilience to Drought in Isfahan through Qualitative Research Method and ATLAS-ti Software, Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol 44(4), pp. 763-781. Doi: 22059/JES.2019.269819.1007777 (In Persian)
Cohen, O., Leykin, D., Lahad, M., Goldberg, A., and Aharonson-Daniel, L., 2013. The conjoint community resiliency assessment measure as a baseline for profiling and predicting community resilience for emergencies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.12.009
Cohen, O., Goldberg, A., Lahad, M., and Aharonson-Daniel, L., 2017. Building resilience: The relationship between information provided by municipal authorities during emergency situations and community resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 121, pp. 119–125.
