ارزیابی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی به کمک پارامترهای هیدروشیمیایی (مطالعه موردی: ناحیه قیدار-استان زنجان)
محورهای موضوعی :
آب و محیط زیست
طاهره جانی سرناوی
1
,
سیدوحید شاهرخی
2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد خرم آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، خرم آباد، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد خرم آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم آباد، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/07/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01
کلید واژه:
قیدار,
هیدروژئوشیمی,
آب زیرزمینی,
نسبت یونی,
شاخص فلزی(MI),
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آب زیرزمینی یکی از مهم ترین منابع برای شرب و آبیاری است. استانداردهای جهانی کیفیت آب، توسط سازمان بهداشت جهانی، به عنوان استانداردهای پایه مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. هدف از این مقاله ارزیابی شیمی آب زیرزمینی و تاثیر آن بر کیفیت آب زیرزمینی جهت بررسی مطلوب بودن آن برای شرب و آبیاری در محدوده قیدار در استان زنجان می‌باشد.روش بررسی: به منظور تعیین پارامترهای فیزیکی-شیمیایی، آنیون ها، کاتیون ها و فلزات سنگین در مهرماه 1399 از تعداد 52 نمونه از چاه‌ها و چشمه‌های ناحیه مورد مطالعه نمونه‌برداری و به روش‌های مختلف اندازه‌گیری گردید.یافته‌ها: رخساره های آب زیرزمینی در منطقه مورد مطالعه، دارای تیپ بی کربنانه تا کلروره بوده وبر حسب پارامتر سختی کل، به غیر از دو نمونه تمامی نمونه ها دارای آب کاملاً سخت هستند. بر حسب EC و نسبت جذب سدیم (SAR)، درصد سدیم و کربنات سدیم باقیمانده (RSC)، مشخص گردید که آب زیرزمینی در بیشتر نمونه ها خیلی شور و برای کشاورزی نامناسب است. علاوه بر این، غلظت عناصر سنگین محلول در آب زیرزمینی در محدوده قیدار در برخی از نمونه ها برای برخی عناصر و یون‌ها مانند آرسنیک، سلنیوم، سدیم، نیترات و سولفات بیشتر از حدود مجاز تعیین شده توسط WHO می باشد.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از نسبت های یونی، نمودار گیبس و شاخص اشباع و تجزیه و تحلیل چند متغیره جهت نشان دادن منشا مواد حل شونده غیرآلی در آب های زیرزمینی، نشان داد که منابع کربناته و تبادل یونی دارای بیشترین تاثیر بر شیمی آب در محدوده هستند. شاخص فلزی(MI) غیر قابل شرب بودن برخی از نمونه ها را نشان داد. همچنین نتایج بدست آمده از تحلیل عاملی نشان دهنده تاثیر میزان شوری، کشاورزی، زمین شناسی و گسلها در محدوده مطالعاتی قیدار بود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: the aim of this paper is the assessment of groundwater with respect to the chemistry and its subsequent impact on groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation consumption in the Qheydar area, Zanjan Province.Material and Methodology: In order to determine of physico-chemical parameters, anions, cations and heavy metals were sampled from the water sources of the study area and measured by different methods.Findings: The groundwater facies in the studied area belong to the bicarbonate to chloride type and generally hard due to the total hardness, Except for 2 Samples the others have hardness. In terms of EC and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Na% and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), the groundwater is Very salty in more of samples and totally unsuitable for agriculture. Moreover, dissolved heavy elements and Ions kind of As, Se, NO3 and SO4concentrations in the groundwater of the Qheydar area have the unsafe limits which recommended by the WHO.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on ionic ratios, Gibbs diagram, saturation index and multivariate analysis for indicating the sources of inorganic solutes in groundwater indicate carbonate sources and ion exchange have the greatest impact on water chemistry in the area. The metal index (MI) showed that some samples were non-drinking. Also, the results obtained from factor analysis showed the effect of salinity, agriculture, geology and faults in the Qeydar study area.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Halim, M.A., Majumder, R.K., Nessa, S.A., Hiroshiro, Y., Uddin, M.J., Shimada, J., Jinno, K., 2009. Hydrogeochemistry and arsenic contamination of groundwater in the Ganges Delta Plain, Bangladesh, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.164, PP.1335–1345.
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Koundouri, P., Groom, B., 2010. Groundwater Management: An Overview of Hydrogeology, Economic Values and Principles of Management, Groundwater, Vol. 3, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.
Shrestha, S., Viet Bachb, T., Prasad Pandeya, V., 2016. Climate change impacts on groundwater resources in Mekong Delta under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios, Environmental Science & Policy, Vol.61, PP.1–13.
Chidambaram, S., Karmegam, U., Prasanna, M.V., Sasidhar, P., Vasanthavigar, M., 2011. A study on hydrochemical elucidation of coastal groundwater in and around kalpakkam region, southern india, Environmental Earth Science, Vol.64, N.5, PP.1419-1431.
Zaidi, F., Mogren, S., Mukhopadhyay, M., Ibrahim, E., 2016. Evaluation of groundwater chemistry and its impact on drinking and irrigation water quality in the eastern part of the Central Arabian graben and trough system, Saudi Arabia, Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol.120, PP.208–219.
2011. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, fourth edition, World Health Organization, Switzerland, PP. 469-475.
Yan, W., Li, J., Bai, X., 2016. Comprehensive assessment and visualized monitoring of urban drinking water quality, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol.155, PP.26–35.
Smita, A., Chary, M., Panigrahi, S., Satpathy, K.K., Prabhu, R.K., Panigrahy, R.C., 2016. Health risk assessment and seasonal distribution of dissolved trace metals in surface waters of Kalpakkam, southwest coast of Bay of Bengal: Regional Studies in Marine Science, Vol.6, PP.96–108.
Krishna, A.K., Satyanarayanan, M., Govil, P.K., 2009. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area, a case
study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh India, J. Hazard. Mater,
167, PP.366–373.
Gibbs, R.J. 1970. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry: Science, Vol.170, PP.1088–1090.
Yang, Q., Wang, L., Ma, H., Yu, K., Martín, J.D., 2016. Hydrochemical characterization and pollution sources identification of groundwater in Salawusu aquifer system of Ordos Basin, China, Environmental Pollution, Vol.216, PP.340-349.
Mahrooyan, F., Taghavi, L., Sarai Tabrizi, M., Babazadeh, H., 2021, Water Quality Assessment of Qazvin River Using Nsfwqi Index for Water Quality Classification, Journal of weland ecobiology, 12(1): 99-112 (Persion).
Pourkhbbaz, H.R., Aghdar, H., Mohamadyari, F., 2017, Zoning groundwater quality for agriculture by classification WILCOX index (Case study: Qazvin plain), Geographic space, 17(58): 111-129 (Persion).
Bolourchi, M.H. 1977. Geological Map of Avaj Area, Geological survey and mineral exploration of Iran, No. 5861 sheet. 17 p.
Majidifard, M.R., 2006. Report of Marzban Geological 1/100000 Map, Geological survey and mineral exploration of Iran, No. 5761 sheet. 15p. (Persion).
JaniSarnavi, T., 2022. Environmental Geology and Hydrogeochemistry in Qeydar Area (NE of Qazvin Province), M.Sc. Thesis, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran, 149p.
Freeze, R.A., Cherry, J.A., 1979. Groundwater: Prentice-Hall, 604 p.
Piper, A.M., 1944. A Graphic Procedure in the Geochemical Interpretation of Water-Analyses. Transactions, Arnerican Geophysical Union, Vol.25, PP.914-928.
Halim, M.A., Majumder, R.K., Nessa, S.A., Hiroshiro, Y., Uddin, M.J., Shimada, J., Jinno, K., 2009. Hydrogeochemistry and arsenic contamination of groundwater in the Ganges Delta Plain, Bangladesh, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.164, PP.1335–1345.
Wilcox, L.V., 1955, Classification and Use of Irrigation Water, US Department of Agriculture, Circular 969, Washington DC.
1994. Water Quality for Agriculture: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.
