تأثیر باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات انتروباکتر بر تغییر شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیم و سرب در دو خاک با بافت متفاوت
محورهای موضوعی :
کشاورزی و محیط زیست
سحر شریفی
1
(دانش‌آموخته گروه خاکشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران)
شکوفه رضایی
2
(استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
علی خانمیرزایی فرد
3
(استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/03/03
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/08/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/01
کلید واژه:
باکتری حل‌کننده فسفر,
کادمیم,
عصاره‌گیری متوالی,
سرب,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: یکی از روش‌های ارزیابی زیست‌فراهمی آلاینده‌های فلزی در خاک، آگاهی از توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی این فلزات است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تغییر شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیم و سرب تحت تأثیر باکتری حل کننده ی فسفات انجام پذیرفت.
روش بررسی: دو خاک با درصد رس متفاوت انتخاب و تیمار فسفر از منبع نمک KH2PO4 و سرب از منبع نمک Pb(NO3)2 جهت تشکیل کانی‌های فسفره و آلوده‌سازی خاک‌ها اعمال گردید. بعد از 2 ماه، خاک‌ها با دو گونه‌ی انتروباکتر تلقیح و پس از گذشت 5، 25، 60 و 90 روز، شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیم و سرب به روش متوالی و قابل استخراج با DTPA استخراج و اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد باکتری حل‌کننده فسفر میزان کادمیم و سرب قابل استخراج با DTPA را کاهش داد. در خاک‌های تلقیح‌یافته با باکتری، کادمیم محلول و تبادلی به طور معنی‌دار کاهش و شکل همراه با موادآلی و اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز افزایش یافت، همچنین سرب محلولی و تبادلی و کربناتی افزایش و سرب همراه با اکسید آهن و منگنز و مواد آلی کاهش یافت. بیش‌ترین غلظت کادمیم و سرب، به ترتیب به شکل‌های کربناتی و اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز و کم‌ترین غلظت به شکل‌های محلول و تبادلی اختصاص داشت.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیم و سرب تحت تأثیر باکتری حل‌کننده فسفر قرار گرفت اما رفتار کادمیم و سرب در این مورد متفاوت و عکس هم بود. می توان نتیجه گرفت تغییر شکل فلزات توسط باکتری‌ها به نوع فلز و خصوصیات خاک بستگی دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: One of the promising tools for evaluating heavy metals bioavailability in the environment is the knowledge of their partitioning among the various soil constituents. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the changes of chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) under the influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the soil.
Material and Methodology: Phosphorus (KH2PO4), Cd(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 simultaneously were introduced into the soil to promote the contamination and formation of phosphate minerals of added metals in two selected soils. After two months the soils were inoculated with two Enterobacter species and incubated for 3 months. A single (DTPA) and sequential extraction scheme were applied to determine the chemical forms of Cd and Pb 5, 25, 60 and 90 days after incubation.
Findings: The results revealed that DTPA extractable Cd and Pb were decreased in the presence of the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Soluble+ exchangeable Cd fraction was decreased whereas, the fractions associated with organic matter and oxides were increased in inoculated soils during the incubation time. In the other hand Soluble+ exchangeable and carbonate fractions of Pb were increased and organic matter and oxides associated Pb fractions were decreased in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Carbonate and oxides associated are the abundant Cd and Pb fractions in studied soil.
Discussion and Conclusion: Although the Cd and Pb chemical fractions were affected in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, but two metals contradictory were differ in behavior in the studied soils. Indeed, the destination of added metals in the soil in the presence of microbes may be different.
منابع و مأخذ:
Javan Siamardi, S., Rezaei Kahkha, M. R., Safaei Moghaddam, A., Noori, R., 2014. Survey of heavy metals concentration (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in farmland soils of Sistan central part. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, Vol. 2(1), pp. 46-53. (In Persian)
Li, Z., Shuman, L.M., 1996. Redistribution of forms of zinc, cadmium, and nickel in soils treated with EDTA. Journal of Science and Total Environment, Vol. 191, 95–107.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., Bisson, M., 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analitical Chemistry, Vol. 51, pp. 844–851.
Prusty, B.G., Sahu, K.C., Godgul, G., 1994. Metal contamination due to mining and milling activities at the Zawar zinc mine, Rajasthan, India. 1. Contamination of stream sediments. Chemical Geology, Vol. 112, pp. 275-291.
Johnson, C.E., Petras, R.J., 1998. Distribution of zinc and lead fractions within a forest Soil Science Society America Journal, Vol. 62, pp. 782-789.
Lu, A., Zhang, S., Shan, X., 2005. Time effect on the fractionation of heavy metals. Geoderma, Vol. 125, pp. 225-234.
Anderson, P.R., Christensen, T.H., 1988. Distribution coefficients of Cd, Co, Ni and Zn in soils. Soil Science, Vol. 39, pp. 15- 22.
Kuo, S., Jellum, E.J., Baker, A.S., 1985. Effect of soil type and sludge application on zinc and cadmium availability to Swiss chard. Soil Science, Vol. 139, pp. 122–130.
Antoniadis, N., Alloway, B.J., 2001. Availability of Cd, Ni, and Zn to ryegrass in sewage sludge treated soils at different temperatures.Water Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 132, pp. 201–204.
Sloan, J.J., Dowday, R.H., Dolan, M.S., Linden, D.R., 1997. Long-term effect of biosolids applications on heavy metal boavailibility in agricultural soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 26, pp. 966-974.
Falamaki, A., Tavallali, H., Eskandari, M., Moradi Estahbanati, M., 2013. Remediation of contaminated soils with cadmium and copper using dicalcium phosphate. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, Vol. 3(1), pp. 33-41. (In Persian)
Abbott, D.E., Essington, M.E., Mullen, M.D., Ammons, J.T., 2001. Fly ash and lime-stabilized biosolid mixtures in mine spoil reclamation: simulated weathering. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 30(2), pp. 608–616.
Khadivi boroujerdi, E., Nourbakhsh, F., Afyuni, M., Shariatmadari, H. 2007. Chemical forms of Pb, Ni and Cd in Calcareous soil treated with sewage sludge. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vol.1, pp. 40-53.
Mahabadi, A.A., Hajabbasi, M.A., Khademi, H., Kazemian, H., 2007. Soil cadmium stabilization using an Iranian natural zeolite, Geoderma, Vol. 137, pp. 388–398.
Valipour, M., Shahbazi, K., Khanmirzaei, A., 2016. Chemical Immobilization of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Nickel in contaminated soils by Phosphate Amendments. Journal of Clean-Soil, Air, Water, Vol. 44(5), pp. 572-578.
Mohammadi Sani, M., Astaraei, A., Fotovat, A., Lakziyan, A., Taheri, M., 2011. The effect of zeolite and TSP on speciation of Pb, Zn and Cd in mine waste. Journal of Water and Soil, Vol. 25(1), pp. 42-50. (In Persian)
Patel, V.I., Saravaita, S.N., Arvadia, M.K., Chaudhari, J.H., Ahir, M.P., Bhalerao, R.E., 2010. Effects of conjuctive use of bio-organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and economics of RabiFennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.) under south Gujarat conditions. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 6 (1), pp. 178-181.
Brandt, K. Plant health, soil fertility relationships and food quality. Proceeding of organic agriculture in Asia, 13-14 march- 2008 Seoul, Korea, 18-C.
Naik, P.S., Chanemougasoundharam, A., Paul Khurana, S.M., Kalloo, G., 2003. Genetic manipulation of carotenoid pathway in higher plants. Current Sciences, Vol. 85(10), pp. 1423-1430.
Eghball, B., 2002. Soil properties as influenced by phosphorus and nitrogen-base manure and compost application. Agronomy, Vol. 94, pp. 128-135.
Duponnois, R., colombet, V., Hien, J., 2005. Thioulouse, Rhe mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and rock phosphate amendment influence plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of Acacia holosericea. Soil Biology and. Biochemistry, Vol. 37, pp. 1460-1468.
Son, H., Park, M., Cha, M., Heo, M., 2006. Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphates by a novel salt – and pH-tolerant Pantoea agglomerans R-42 isolated from soybean rhizosphere, Bioresource. Technology, Vol. 97, pp. 204-210.
Khan, A.A., Jilani, G., Akhtar, M.S., Naqvi, S.M.S. Rasheed, M., 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: occurrence, mechanisms and their role in crop production. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 48-58.
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. 1996. Methods of soil analysis (Eds.: D.L. Sparks,), SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp.961-1010.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., Dean, L. A., 1954. Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 939. Banderis, A. D., D. H. Barter and K. Anderson. Agricultural and Advisor.
Lindsay, W.L., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 421-428.
Bower, C.A., Reitemeier, F.F., Fireman, M., 1952. Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Soil Science, Vol. 73, pp. 251-261.
Leoppert, R.H., Suarez, D.L., 1996. Carbonate and gypsum. In Methods of soil analysis. (Eds).(Spaarks, D.L., A.L. SSSA). p. 437-474. (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin).
Aliehyayi, M. and Behbahanizadeh, A.A. 1993. Soil chemical analysis methods. Soil and Water Researches Institute Review, 892. (In Persian)
Jalali, M., Khanlari, Z.V., 2008. Effect of going process on the fractionation of heavy metals in some calcareous soils of Iran. Geoderma, Vol 143, pp. 26-40.
Ebrahimi, N., 2002. Effect of organic fertilizer on soil chemical properties and metal uptake by corn and wheat. M.Sc Thesis of soil science, Agricultural faculty, Isfahan University and Technology.
Lu, A., Zhang, S., Shan, X.Q., 2005. Time effect on the fractionation of heavy metals in soils. Geoderma, Vol. 125, pp. 225-234.
Mbil, A., M.O., Thompson M.L., Mbagwu, U.S., Laird, D.A., 2001. Distribution and movement of sludge-drive trace metals in selected Nigerian soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 30(5), pp. 74-1667.
Chen, Y.P., Rekha, P.D., Arun, A.B., Shen, F.T., Lai, W., Young, C.C., 2006. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology, Vol. 34, pp. 33-41.
Lasat, H.A., 2002. Phytoextraction of toxic metals: a review of biological mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 31 (1), pp.109-120.
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Javan Siamardi, S., Rezaei Kahkha, M. R., Safaei Moghaddam, A., Noori, R., 2014. Survey of heavy metals concentration (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in farmland soils of Sistan central part. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, Vol. 2(1), pp. 46-53. (In Persian)
Li, Z., Shuman, L.M., 1996. Redistribution of forms of zinc, cadmium, and nickel in soils treated with EDTA. Journal of Science and Total Environment, Vol. 191, 95–107.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., Bisson, M., 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analitical Chemistry, Vol. 51, pp. 844–851.
Prusty, B.G., Sahu, K.C., Godgul, G., 1994. Metal contamination due to mining and milling activities at the Zawar zinc mine, Rajasthan, India. 1. Contamination of stream sediments. Chemical Geology, Vol. 112, pp. 275-291.
Johnson, C.E., Petras, R.J., 1998. Distribution of zinc and lead fractions within a forest Soil Science Society America Journal, Vol. 62, pp. 782-789.
Lu, A., Zhang, S., Shan, X., 2005. Time effect on the fractionation of heavy metals. Geoderma, Vol. 125, pp. 225-234.
Anderson, P.R., Christensen, T.H., 1988. Distribution coefficients of Cd, Co, Ni and Zn in soils. Soil Science, Vol. 39, pp. 15- 22.
Kuo, S., Jellum, E.J., Baker, A.S., 1985. Effect of soil type and sludge application on zinc and cadmium availability to Swiss chard. Soil Science, Vol. 139, pp. 122–130.
Antoniadis, N., Alloway, B.J., 2001. Availability of Cd, Ni, and Zn to ryegrass in sewage sludge treated soils at different temperatures.Water Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 132, pp. 201–204.
Sloan, J.J., Dowday, R.H., Dolan, M.S., Linden, D.R., 1997. Long-term effect of biosolids applications on heavy metal boavailibility in agricultural soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 26, pp. 966-974.
Falamaki, A., Tavallali, H., Eskandari, M., Moradi Estahbanati, M., 2013. Remediation of contaminated soils with cadmium and copper using dicalcium phosphate. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, Vol. 3(1), pp. 33-41. (In Persian)
Abbott, D.E., Essington, M.E., Mullen, M.D., Ammons, J.T., 2001. Fly ash and lime-stabilized biosolid mixtures in mine spoil reclamation: simulated weathering. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 30(2), pp. 608–616.
Khadivi boroujerdi, E., Nourbakhsh, F., Afyuni, M., Shariatmadari, H. 2007. Chemical forms of Pb, Ni and Cd in Calcareous soil treated with sewage sludge. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vol.1, pp. 40-53.
Mahabadi, A.A., Hajabbasi, M.A., Khademi, H., Kazemian, H., 2007. Soil cadmium stabilization using an Iranian natural zeolite, Geoderma, Vol. 137, pp. 388–398.
Valipour, M., Shahbazi, K., Khanmirzaei, A., 2016. Chemical Immobilization of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Nickel in contaminated soils by Phosphate Amendments. Journal of Clean-Soil, Air, Water, Vol. 44(5), pp. 572-578.
Mohammadi Sani, M., Astaraei, A., Fotovat, A., Lakziyan, A., Taheri, M., 2011. The effect of zeolite and TSP on speciation of Pb, Zn and Cd in mine waste. Journal of Water and Soil, Vol. 25(1), pp. 42-50. (In Persian)
Patel, V.I., Saravaita, S.N., Arvadia, M.K., Chaudhari, J.H., Ahir, M.P., Bhalerao, R.E., 2010. Effects of conjuctive use of bio-organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and economics of RabiFennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.) under south Gujarat conditions. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 6 (1), pp. 178-181.
Brandt, K. Plant health, soil fertility relationships and food quality. Proceeding of organic agriculture in Asia, 13-14 march- 2008 Seoul, Korea, 18-C.
Naik, P.S., Chanemougasoundharam, A., Paul Khurana, S.M., Kalloo, G., 2003. Genetic manipulation of carotenoid pathway in higher plants. Current Sciences, Vol. 85(10), pp. 1423-1430.
Eghball, B., 2002. Soil properties as influenced by phosphorus and nitrogen-base manure and compost application. Agronomy, Vol. 94, pp. 128-135.
Duponnois, R., colombet, V., Hien, J., 2005. Thioulouse, Rhe mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and rock phosphate amendment influence plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of Acacia holosericea. Soil Biology and. Biochemistry, Vol. 37, pp. 1460-1468.
Son, H., Park, M., Cha, M., Heo, M., 2006. Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphates by a novel salt – and pH-tolerant Pantoea agglomerans R-42 isolated from soybean rhizosphere, Bioresource. Technology, Vol. 97, pp. 204-210.
Khan, A.A., Jilani, G., Akhtar, M.S., Naqvi, S.M.S. Rasheed, M., 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: occurrence, mechanisms and their role in crop production. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 48-58.
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. 1996. Methods of soil analysis (Eds.: D.L. Sparks,), SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp.961-1010.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., Dean, L. A., 1954. Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 939. Banderis, A. D., D. H. Barter and K. Anderson. Agricultural and Advisor.
Lindsay, W.L., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 421-428.
Bower, C.A., Reitemeier, F.F., Fireman, M., 1952. Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Soil Science, Vol. 73, pp. 251-261.
Leoppert, R.H., Suarez, D.L., 1996. Carbonate and gypsum. In Methods of soil analysis. (Eds).(Spaarks, D.L., A.L. SSSA). p. 437-474. (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin).
Aliehyayi, M. and Behbahanizadeh, A.A. 1993. Soil chemical analysis methods. Soil and Water Researches Institute Review, 892. (In Persian)
Jalali, M., Khanlari, Z.V., 2008. Effect of going process on the fractionation of heavy metals in some calcareous soils of Iran. Geoderma, Vol 143, pp. 26-40.
Ebrahimi, N., 2002. Effect of organic fertilizer on soil chemical properties and metal uptake by corn and wheat. M.Sc Thesis of soil science, Agricultural faculty, Isfahan University and Technology.
Lu, A., Zhang, S., Shan, X.Q., 2005. Time effect on the fractionation of heavy metals in soils. Geoderma, Vol. 125, pp. 225-234.
Mbil, A., M.O., Thompson M.L., Mbagwu, U.S., Laird, D.A., 2001. Distribution and movement of sludge-drive trace metals in selected Nigerian soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 30(5), pp. 74-1667.
Chen, Y.P., Rekha, P.D., Arun, A.B., Shen, F.T., Lai, W., Young, C.C., 2006. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology, Vol. 34, pp. 33-41.
Lasat, H.A., 2002. Phytoextraction of toxic metals: a review of biological mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 31 (1), pp.109-120.
