کاهش مصرف انرژی در ساختمان بوسیله بهینه سازی جدار سقف ؛ نمونه موردی: ساختمان مسکونی سه طبقه در شهر شیراز

محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی

خسرو موحد ¹ , پری ناز کشتکاران ² , زهرا برزگر مروستی ³

1 - دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار مدعو ، گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/12/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01

کلید واژه: بهینه سازی جداره, انرژی پلاس, سقف, الگوریتم ژنتیک, مصرف انرژی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: جداره های ساختمان خارجی ترین پوسته بنا هستند که در معرض مستقیم هوا و تغییرات دما قرار دارند. لذا به لحاظ تبادل حرارت و کنترل مصرف انرژی ساختمان حایز اهمیت می باشند. جدار سقف ساختمان از جنبه تبادل حرارت، نسبت به سایر جداره های بنا از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار است؛ چراکه به عنوان یک جداره وسیع افقی مساحت و زمان بیشتری را نسبت به سایرجدارها در معرض تابش خورشید و سایرعوامل جوی است؛ و تبادل حرارتی این جداره نسبت به سایر جداره های بنا بیشتر است. این مقاله با هدف کاهش انرژی مصرفی ساختمان در شهر شیراز به وسیله بهینه سازی جداره سقف ساختمان به دنبال پاسخ به این سوال است که: " بهینه ترین حالت آرایش مصالح و بهترین تکنیک غیر فعال سقف در راستای کاهش مصرف انرژی در اقلیم گرم و خشک شیرازکدام است و تا چه اندازه مصرف انرژی را کاهش خواهد داد؟ " روش بررسی: روش تحقیق کمی با استفاده از نرم افزار شبیه ساز انرژی "انرژی پلاس" می باشد. این تحقیق در سال 1398 انجام شده و داده های آب و هوایی شهر شیراز در این بازه زمانی یکساله از سایت انرژی پلاس استخراج شده است. جهت محاسبه انرژی مصرفی بنا، ساختمان انتخابی در نرم افزار انرژی پلاس مدل سازی و جهت پیشنهاد بهینه ترین حالت متغیرهای سقف از الگوریتم ژنتیک استفاده گردید؛ تابع هدف این الگوریتم کمینه سازی مصرف انرژی ساختمان بوده است. یافته ها: در این راستا متغیر های سقف ذیل سه دسته: سیستم غیر فعال انرژی، ویژگی های کالبدی سقف و موقعیت قرارگیری تعریف و روند بهینه سازی توسط الگوریتم ژنتیک و نرم افزار انرژی پلاس صورت گرفت. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نهایتا مدل های بهینه آرایش مصالح سقف ساختمان مسکونی سه طبقه در شهر شیراز ارائه شد. محاسبات شبیه ساز انرژی ساختمان و خروجی تابع هدف الگوریتم ژنتیک نشان داد که بهینه ترین آرایش مصالح سقف مصرف انرژی ساختمان را به میزان 6/9 درصد کاهش میدهد؛ و تکنیک های بهینه طراحی سیستم غیر فعال انرژی شامل: بام سبز، عایق حرارتی، سقف کاذب، به ترتیب 1/9 ، 4/13و 6/12 درصد مصرف انرژی ساختمان را کاهش داده اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Among the components of the building envelope, the roof section is the most important medium of energy loss, because, compared to vertical walls, a larger area of the rooftop is exposed to sunlight and atmospheric condition for a longer period, which results in greater heat exchange through this section.  The goal of this research is to reduce the energy consumption of residential buildings in the city of Shiraz (Fars, Iran) through the optimization of their roof sections by answering the bellow question: “What is the most optimal arrangement of materials and passive roof design technique for reducing energy consumption in this climate and how much will it reduce energy consumption?” Material and Methodology: The purpose of the research, which is to identify the best combination of roof specifications and passive design methods for minimizing energy consumption in the buildings of the area of interest, achieved with help of the EnergyPlus simulation and a genetic algorithm developed in MATLAB. Findings: The roof variables defined in three categories of the passive energy system, physical roof specifications, and positioning and the optimization carried out using the genetic algorithm and the EnergyPlus software. Discussion and Conclusion: The outputs obtained from the simulation software and the objective function of the genetic algorithm showed that the roof optimization materials’ arrangement could reduce the energy consumption of the building by 9.6%.  and passive design techniques includes: green roof, insulation, double roof, reduce energy consumption by 9.1% , 13.4%, 12,6% respectively.

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