مقایسه ساختار و تنوع ژنتیکی اردک سرحنائی( Aythya ferina) با استفاده از ژن میتوکندریایی سیتوکروم ب در مناطق شمالی و جنوبی ایران

محورهای موضوعی : تنوع زیستی

شبنم چاوشی ¹ , جلیل ایمانی ² , حمید رضا رضایی ³ , پرگل قوام مصطفوی ⁴

1 - دکتری محیط زیست، گرایش تنوع زیستی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار دانشکده منایع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران.
4 - استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/03/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/01/01

کلید واژه: ژنوم میتوکندری, تنوع ژنتیکی, اردک سرحنائی, ژن سیتوکروم b,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: اردک سرحنائی ( Aythya ferina) یکی از گونه های فراوان و با پراکندگی بالا در جهان، بین مرغابی سانان است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی ساختار و تنوع ژنتیکی این گونه در ایران با استفاده از ژن سیتوکروم ب( Cytochrome b) بوده است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش نمونه برداری از 10 قطعه اردک سرحنائی که از مناطق شمال و جنوب کشور در سالهای 1399- 1400 برداشت شده بودند، انجام شد. پس از استخراج و تکثیر قطعات DNA تجزیه تحلیل های هاپلوتایپی و نوکلئوتیدی صورت گرفت. یافته ها: به طور کلی، با بررسی 8 قطعه 929 جفت بازی ژن سیتوکروم b اردک سرحنائی، 7 هاپلوتایپ مختلف شناسائی شد. تنوع هاپلو تایپی 818/0، تنوع نوکلئوتیدی 00149/0 محاسبه شد. مقدار Nm یا میزان جریان ژنی بین منطق نمونه برداری برابر 383/1 بود که نشان از جریان ژنی بالا و به بیان دیگر فاصله ژنی بسیار کم بین جمعیت های این گونه و جمعیت های اروپایی و آسیایی آن است. شاخص راجرز- هارپندینگ، شاخص تاجیما و Fu Fs به ترتیب 112/0، 028/0- و 288/1- محاسبه شد، همچنین نمودار توزیع عدم تطابق به صورت تک نمائی رسم شده، که همه آنها نشان دهنده تاریخچه جمعیتی نامعین و شبیه به مدل گسترش ناگهانی بوده است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از شبکه هاپلوتایپی و درخت تبار شناختی و همین طور تفاوت اندک ژنتیکی بین جمعیتهای بررسی شده، احتمال مهاجرت این پرنده از هر دو منطقه اروپا و شرق آسیا به ایران وجود دارد. با در نظر گرفتن نتایج پژوهش حاضر، باید تالاب های زیستگاهی این گونه در ایران به عنوان مناطق مهم و کلیدی شناخته شده و اقدامات مدیریتی و حفاظتی لازم در این مناطق صورت گیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background & Objective: The Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) is one of the most abundant and widely distributed species in the world, among ducks. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure and genetic diversity of Aythya ferina in Iran using cytochrome b gene. Material and Methodology: For this study, samples were taken from 10 pieces of Aythya ferina that were taken from the north and south of the country. Haplotypic and nucleotide analyzes were performed using MEGA, Papart, DNAsp and Network software. Findings: In general, 7 different haplotypes were identified by examining 8 fragments of 929 pairs of cytochrome b gene of Aythya ferina. Haplotype diversity was calculated 0.818, nucleotide diversity was calculated 0.00149. The value of Nm or the amount of gene flow between the sampling logic was 1.383, which indicates a high gene flow and in other words, a very small gene distance between the populations of this species and its European and Asian populations. Rogers-Harping index, Tajima index and Fu Fs were calculated 0.112, -0.028 and -1.288, respectively. The mismatch distribution diagram is also plotted as a single view, all of which show an indeterminate population history similar to the model of sudden expansion. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the haplotype network and the cognitive tree, as well as a slight genetic difference between the studied populations, there is a possibility of migration of this bird from both Europe and East Asia to Iran. Considering the results of the present study, Iranian wetlands should be recognized as important and key areas and the necessary management and protection measures should be taken in these areas.

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