بررسی موقعیت ایوان در پیکره بندی معماری خانه های اعیانی با استفاده از روش نحو فضا؛ (نمونه موردی: خانه های سنتی گیلان)

محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی

سحر بشیرزاده ¹ , جمال الدین سهیلی ² , فرشاد مفاخر ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری،گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.*(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/05/01

کلید واژه: نحو فضا, بومی, خانه‌های اعیانی, معماری سنتی, ایوان,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: مسکن بومی گیلان همواره از جنبه های گوناگون موضوع تحقیقات حوزه معماری بوده است. عنصر ایوان در معماری گیلان نقش اساسی دارد. با توجه به تفاوت های ظاهری وکاربردی آن در بوم و کاربری مشخص، در این مقاله به بررسی فضای ایوان از طریق تئوری نحو فضا پرداخته می شود.روش بررسی: چهار خانه اعیانی سنتی گیلان بر اساس نمونه گیری غیراحتمالی هدفمند از آثار ملی ایران و باقی مانده در منطقه جلگه ای و مربوط به اواخر دوره قاجار و اوایل پهلوی اول به عنوان نمونه های موردی انتخاب شد. میزان ادغام و نفوذپذیری ایوان با استفاده از شاخص های نحو فضا، نمودارهای توجیهی، روابط ریاضی و تحلیل های انجام شده از طریق داده های مستخرج از نرم افزار Agraph که برای این نظریه فراهم آمده، قابل بررسی است. در این راستا به نحوه ی پیکره بندی فضایی و جایگیری ایوان از طریق روش توصیفی تطبیقی پرداخته شده است.یافته ها: با استفاده از تحلیل های نرم افزاری نحو فضا و نمودارهای توجیهی و پارامترهای عمق، هم پیوندی، حلقه و ارزش کنترل سعی در مطابقت سبک و سیاق ساختمانی بومی در این بناها گردید.بحث و نتیجه گیری: ایوان در این خانه ها در شکل های گوناگون دیده می شود که با توجه به اعیانی بودن خانه ها و وضعیت اقتصادی خوب ساکنان، جنبه تزئینی و رفاهی آنها که نشانی از سبکی التقاطی در ساختمان سازی است با میزان های هم پیوندی، کنترل و اتصال متفاوت، توجیه پذیر می گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Guilan vernacular houses have always been subject of research from a variety of aspects in architectural fields. According to fundamental role that Ivan element plays in Guilan architecture with different usages and appearance in a specific region and function, in this article Ivan space will be studied utilizing space syntax theory.Material and Methodology: As case study samples, four traditional mansions that are remains of Iran national heritage have been selected through non-probabilistic purposive sampling. They are located in plain area of Guilan and all are referred to the end of Qajar era and beginning of first Pahlavi epoch. Integration value and penetration of Ivan could be studied by space syntax indicators, j-graphs, mathematics and analyses calculated based on data derived from A graph software specifically assembled for this theory. A descriptive comparative methodology has been employed, in order to study occurrence of spatial configurations and Ivan positions.Discussion and Conclusion: An endeavor to conforming vernacular building style and their way of construction has been made, utilizing space syntax software analyses, j-graphs and indicators like “depth”, “integration”, “ring” and “control value”.Results: Considering decorative and convenient aspects and financial sustainability of habitants of houses, Ivans are built with different features. They demonstrate an eclectic style of construction which will be compelling by distinct integration rate, control value and connection.

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