کارکرد مدل Gash اصلاح شده در برآورد بارانربایی جنگلکاری اقاقیا در دورههای برگدار و بیبرگی
محورهای موضوعی :
آب و محیط زیست
سینا ضیایی شندرشامی
1
,
آمنه میان آبادی
2
,
سید محمدمعین صادقی
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه اکولوژی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - پژوهشگر پسادکتری جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکدة جنگلشناسی و مهندسی جنگل، دانشگاه ترنسیلوانیا براشوف، براشوف، رومانی.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/02/04
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/03/29
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/10/01
کلید واژه:
پارامترهای اکوهیدرولوژیک تاجپوشش,
پارامترهای اکوهیدرولوژیک تنه,
جنگل دستکاشت,
اکوهیدرولوژی جنگل,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی مدل Gash اصلاح شده در برآورد بارانربایی گونه غیربومی اقاقیا (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) در دوره های برگ دار و بی برگی در پارک جنگلی چیتگر بود.
روش بررسی: یک قطعهنمونه دایره ای شکل با وسعت 5/0 هکتار در پارک جنگلی چیتگر انتخاب شد و باران، تاج بارش و ساقاب به مدت دو سال (1 دی 1392 تا 30 آذر 1394) در این قطعه نمونه اندازه گیری شد. سپس مبادرت به محاسبه مقادیر پارامترهای اکوهیدرولوژیک تاج پوشش و تنه درختان شد و در نهایت کارآیی مدل Gash اصلاح شده در برآورد باران ربایی بررسی شدند.
یافته ها: مقدار متوسط باران ربایی در دوره برگدار (7/12 درصد) به طور معنی داری بیشتر از دوره بی برگی (7/9 درصد) بود. مقدار ضریب 2R بین مقادیر باران ربایی برآورد شده و اندازه گیری در دوره بی برگی بیشتر از دوره برگدار حاصل شد. براساس کلیه آماره های ارزیابی مدل، کارکرد مدل Gash در برآورد باران ربایی در دوره بی برگی بهتر از دوره برگدار حاصل شد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته های این پژوهش، مدل Gash اصلاح شده قابلیت مناسبی در برآورد باران ربایی در دوره بی برگی از خود نشان داد و دلیل احتمالی خطای زیاد برآوردی مدل در دوره برگدار، عدم اندازه گیری مستقیم پارامتر درصد تاج پوشش است. تعیین دقیق مقدار باران ربایی، به عنوان اتلاف آبی تاج پوشش، به فرآیند برنامه ریزی و تصمیم گیری مدیران جنگل و منابع آب در انتخاب گونه مناسب برای جنگلکاری ها کمک مهمی می کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the revised Gash model in estimating interception by a Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) stand during the leafed and leafless periods in Chitgar Forest Park.
Material and Methodology: A circular plot with an area of 0.5 ha in Chitgar Forest Park was selected and rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow were measured for two years (from 22 December 2013 to 21 December 2015). Then, the amounts of canopy and trunks ecohydrological parameters were calculated, and finally, the efficiency of the revised Gash model for estimating interception was evaluated.
Findings: In this study, the mean amount of rainfall interception in the leafed period (12.7%) was significantly higher than the leafless period (9.7%). The determination coefficient (R2) value between the estimated interception values and the measured in the leafless period was higher than in the leafed period. Based on all model evaluation metrics, the performance of the revised Gash model in estimating interception in the leafless period was better than in the leafed period.
Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the Revised Gash model showed good ability in estimating interception during the leafless period, and a probable reason for the high estimation error of the model in the leafed period is the lack of direct measurement of the canopy percentage parameter. Accurately determining the amount of interception, as a canopy water loss, contributes significantly to the planning and decision-making process of forest managers and water resources managers for selecting the appropriate species for plantations.
منابع و مأخذ:
Van Stan, J. T., Gutmann, E., & Friesen, J. (2020). Precipitation Partitioning by Vegetation. Springer. 281 p.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Gordon, D. A., & Van Stan II, J. T. (2020). A global synthesis of throughfall and stemflow hydrometeorology. In Precipitation partitioning by vegetation (pp. 49-70). Springer, Cham.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Attarod, P., Van Stan, J. T., & Pypker, T. G. (2016). The importance of considering rainfall partitioning in afforestation initiatives in semiarid climates: A comparison of common planted tree species in Tehran, Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 568, 845-855.
Hakimi, L., Sadeghi, S. M. M., Van Stan, J. T., Pypker, T. G., & Khosropour, E. (2018). Management of pomegranate (Punica granatum) orchards alters the supply and pathway of rain water reaching soils in an arid agricultural landscape. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 259, 77-85.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Van Stan II, J. T., Pypker, T. G., & Friesen, J. (2017). Canopy hydrometeorological dynamics across a chronosequence of a globally invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill., tree of heaven). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 240, 10-17.
Gash, J.H.C., Lloyd, C.R., & Lachaud, G., 1995. Estimating sparse forest rainfall interception with an analytical model. Journal of Hydrology, 170, 79-86.
Nazari, M., Sadeghi, S. M. M., Van Stan II, J. T., & Chaichi, M. R. (2020). Rainfall interception and redistribution by maize farmland in central Iran. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 27, 100656.
Attarod, P., & Sadeghi, S. M. M. (2018). Forest Ecohydrology, Tehran: Jahad Daneshgahi.
Dawson, C.W., Abrahart, R.J., & See, L.M. (2007). HydroTest: a web-based toolbox of evaluation metrics for the standardised assessment of hydrological forecasts. Environmental Modelling and Software, 22, 1034-1052.
Nazari, M., Chaichi, M. R., Kamel, H., Grismer, M., & Sadeghi, S. M. M. (2020). Evaluation of estimation methods for monthly reference evapotranspiration in arid climates. Arid Ecosystems, 10(4), 329-336.
Sadeghi, S.M.M., Van Stan, J.T., Pypker, T.G., Tamjidi, J., Friesen, J., & Farahnaklangroudi, M. (2018). Importance of transitional leaf states in canopy rainfall partitioning dynamics. European Journal of Forest Research, 137, 121-130.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Attarod, P., & Pypker, T. G., 2015. Differences in rainfall interception during the growing and non-growing seasons in a Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill. plantation located in a semiarid climate. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17, 145–156.
Fathizadeh, O., Sadeghi, S.M.M., Holder, C.D., & Su, L. (2020). Leaf phenology drives spatio-temporal patterns of throughfall under a single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. Forests, 11, 688.
Sadeghi, S.M.M., Attarod, P., Van Stan II, J.T., Pypker, T.G., and Dunkerley, D. (2015). Efficiency of the reformulated Gash's interception model in semiarid afforestations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 201, 76-85.
Lankreijer, H., Lundberg, A., Grelle, A., Lindroth, A., & Seibert, J. (1999). Evaporation and storage of intercepted rain analysed by comparing two models applied to a boreal forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 98–99, 595–604.
Pypker, T. G., Bond, B. J., Link, T. E., Marks, D., & Unsworth, M.H. (2005). The importance of canopy structure in controlling the interception loss of rainfall: Examples from a young and an old-growth Douglas-fir forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 130, 113–129.
Sivakumar, M. V. K. (2021). Climate change and water productivity. Water Productivity Journal, 1, 1-12.
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Van Stan, J. T., Gutmann, E., & Friesen, J. (2020). Precipitation Partitioning by Vegetation. Springer. 281 p.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Gordon, D. A., & Van Stan II, J. T. (2020). A global synthesis of throughfall and stemflow hydrometeorology. In Precipitation partitioning by vegetation (pp. 49-70). Springer, Cham.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Attarod, P., Van Stan, J. T., & Pypker, T. G. (2016). The importance of considering rainfall partitioning in afforestation initiatives in semiarid climates: A comparison of common planted tree species in Tehran, Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 568, 845-855.
Hakimi, L., Sadeghi, S. M. M., Van Stan, J. T., Pypker, T. G., & Khosropour, E. (2018). Management of pomegranate (Punica granatum) orchards alters the supply and pathway of rain water reaching soils in an arid agricultural landscape. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 259, 77-85.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Van Stan II, J. T., Pypker, T. G., & Friesen, J. (2017). Canopy hydrometeorological dynamics across a chronosequence of a globally invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill., tree of heaven). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 240, 10-17.
Gash, J.H.C., Lloyd, C.R., & Lachaud, G., 1995. Estimating sparse forest rainfall interception with an analytical model. Journal of Hydrology, 170, 79-86.
Nazari, M., Sadeghi, S. M. M., Van Stan II, J. T., & Chaichi, M. R. (2020). Rainfall interception and redistribution by maize farmland in central Iran. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 27, 100656.
Attarod, P., & Sadeghi, S. M. M. (2018). Forest Ecohydrology, Tehran: Jahad Daneshgahi.
Dawson, C.W., Abrahart, R.J., & See, L.M. (2007). HydroTest: a web-based toolbox of evaluation metrics for the standardised assessment of hydrological forecasts. Environmental Modelling and Software, 22, 1034-1052.
Nazari, M., Chaichi, M. R., Kamel, H., Grismer, M., & Sadeghi, S. M. M. (2020). Evaluation of estimation methods for monthly reference evapotranspiration in arid climates. Arid Ecosystems, 10(4), 329-336.
Sadeghi, S.M.M., Van Stan, J.T., Pypker, T.G., Tamjidi, J., Friesen, J., & Farahnaklangroudi, M. (2018). Importance of transitional leaf states in canopy rainfall partitioning dynamics. European Journal of Forest Research, 137, 121-130.
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Attarod, P., & Pypker, T. G., 2015. Differences in rainfall interception during the growing and non-growing seasons in a Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill. plantation located in a semiarid climate. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17, 145–156.
Fathizadeh, O., Sadeghi, S.M.M., Holder, C.D., & Su, L. (2020). Leaf phenology drives spatio-temporal patterns of throughfall under a single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. Forests, 11, 688.
Sadeghi, S.M.M., Attarod, P., Van Stan II, J.T., Pypker, T.G., and Dunkerley, D. (2015). Efficiency of the reformulated Gash's interception model in semiarid afforestations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 201, 76-85.
Lankreijer, H., Lundberg, A., Grelle, A., Lindroth, A., & Seibert, J. (1999). Evaporation and storage of intercepted rain analysed by comparing two models applied to a boreal forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 98–99, 595–604.
Pypker, T. G., Bond, B. J., Link, T. E., Marks, D., & Unsworth, M.H. (2005). The importance of canopy structure in controlling the interception loss of rainfall: Examples from a young and an old-growth Douglas-fir forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 130, 113–129.
Sivakumar, M. V. K. (2021). Climate change and water productivity. Water Productivity Journal, 1, 1-12.