بررسی و مقایسه میزان جذب نیترات در برخی سبزیجات در جنوب تهران
محورهای موضوعی :
کشاورزی و محیط زیست
افسون بهاری پور
1
,
رضا ارجمندی
2
,
رکسانا موگوئی
3
,
محمدکاظم رمضانی
4
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار دانشکده محیطزیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه ، برنامه ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران.
4 - دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/02
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/09/01
کلید واژه:
حد مجاز,
سبزی,
جذب نیترات,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف : سبزیجات تازه و فرآوری شده، به خصوص سبزیجات برگ دار، منابع عمده دریافت نیترات در رژیم غذایی هستند. اهمیت میزان رشد و عدم آلودگی این سبزیجات، به ویژه با توجه به تمرکز کشت آن‌ها در زمین‌های کشاورزی حاشیه شهرها که احتمال استفاده از منابع فاضلابی در آن‌ها می‌رود بسیار زیاد است. هدف این طرح تعیین غلظت نیترات در قسمت خوراکی محصولات تربچه، نعناع و جعفری و مقایسه آن با حدود مجاز بود و همچنین گیاهانی که دارای بیش‌ترین قدرت جذب نیترات در جنوب شهر تهران در سال 1394 بودند معرفی شدند.
روش بررسی : محصولات مورد نظر در ماه های مرداد و شهریور سال 1394 از منطقه کشاورزی شهرک احمدیه واقع در جنوب تهران طی 3 نوبت جمع آوری شدند .بر روی هر نمونه سه بار آزمایش تکرار شد و در نهایت 90 نمونه مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت آزمایشات با استفاده از دستور العمل ارایه شده توسط سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران انجام شد.
یافته ها : نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نیترات در تربچه، برگ تربچه، برگ نعناع، ساقه نعناع، برگ جعفری و ساقه جعفری به ترتیب (342/±1 02/ 19)،(895/0 ± 00/11)،(369/1 ± 70/17)،(936/1 ± 69/26)،(261/1 ± 82/20)،(00/1 ± 43/22) میلی گرم بر- کیلوگرم بودند، بنابراین بیش ترین غلظت نیترات در بین نمونه های آزمایش شده مربوط به سبزی نعناع و کم ترین میزان آن مربوط به سبزی تربچه بود. همچنین غلظت نیترات در محصولات مورد نظر در جنوب تهران کم تر از حد مجاز بود.
بحث و نتیجه گیری : اگرچه غلظت نیترات در این محصولات کم‌تر از حد مجاز بود اما با توجه به آبیاری سبزیجات در این منطقه با فاضلاب هایی که غلظت نیترات را در محصولات ممکن است بالا ببرد، ضرورت دارد بررسی میزان نیترات با تعداد نمونه بیش تری صورت گیرد و کنترل دایمی غلظت نیترات در این محصولات ضروری می باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Fresh and processed vegetables, in particular leafy vegetables are main sources of nitrate in the diet. The growth level and absence of contamination matters of these vegetables, particularly their cultivation in farm lands, in the suburb which may using sewage, is so critical. The primary target of this research is to determine nitrate concentration in the edible parts of radish, mint and parsley, and compare them with allowance limits and then introducing the most nitrate intaking herbs of the southern region of Tehran , in 2015.
Material and Methodology: Demanded products have been collected during three times sampling from Ahmadieh agricultural complex located in south of Tehran, in August and September of 2015, and the examinations have been repeated in three times for each sample. Eventually 90 samples were tested. The examinations carried out based on instruction provided by Iranian National Standard Organization
Findings: The results showed that mean concentration of nitrate in radish, radish leaves, mint leaves, mint roots, shoot mint, parsley leaf and parsley stem are respectively 19.02 ±1.342, 11.00±0.895, 17.70±1.369, 26.69±1.936, 20.82±1.261, 22.43±1.00 mg/kg, and also is indicative of the highest nitrate concentration is related to the mint and the lowest concentration in the radish, among all tested samples.
Discussion and Conclusion: By considering vegetables watering with sewages in this region which could increase nitrate concentration in the products, Then it is necessary to check nitrate concentration of more samples to achieve an accurate result.
منابع و مأخذ:
Mahmoudi Meymand, , Mazaheri, M., 2014. Global Standards and Food Safety, 3th Conference on Food Science and Industry Quchan, Iran. (In Persian
Alinezhad Jahromi, , Mohammad Khani, A., Salehi, MH., 2010. Effect of Shahrekord Municipal Wastewater Treatment Yield of Lead and Cadmium in Lemongrass, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences Year 16, No. 60. (In Persian)
Malakouti, , Baybordi, A. Tabatabaei, J., 2004. Optimal use of fertilizer is an effective step in increasing yield, improving quality and reducing pollutants in vegetable and summer crops and promoting community health. Publication of Agricultural Sciences. First Edition .338 pp. (In Persian)
Sadeghipour Marvi, M., 2008. Standard for Nitrate Pollutants in Water, Soil and Vegetable and Summer Products, 2th Specialized Conference on Environmental Engineering, Tehran University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Alexander J. Nitrate in vegtables: scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in food chain. The Europian food Safety Authority Jornal. 2008; 689: 1-79
Gunes, F. 2005. Effects of Ammonium sulphate and Urea on NO3- and NO2- accumulation, nutrient contents and yield criteria in spinach. J. Scientia Horticulture, 106: 330-340.
National Standard Organization of Iran, (2014), Vegetables and its products - Measurement of nitrate and nitrite, (7 - 16721). (In Persian)
Knobeloch L, Sanla B, Hogan A, Postle J and Anderson H. 2000;Blue babies and nitrate-contaminated well water. Enurion Health perspect 108:675_678.
Manuela, angela, BM. Fatima, B., Debora, S.M.B.P.P. and Oliveria.Cristina, D.M. (2010). Contribution of different vegetable types to exogenous nitrate and nitrite exposure.Journal of food Chemistry,120: 960_966
.L hirondel, J. and L hirondel, J. L. Nitrarte and Man, Toxic, Harmless or Beneficial? CABI Publishing, 2002, 147pp.
Anjena U, Iqbql M, Abrol YP. Are nitrate concentration in leafy vegtables within safe limits?Current Scieence, 2007;92(3):355_
Ayaz A, Topcu A and Yurttagul M.2007; Survey of Nitrate and Nitrite Lenels of Fresh Vegetables in Turkey, Journal of Food Technology, 5(2):177-179.
Chung SY, Kim J S, Kim M, Hong M K, Lee O J, Kim C M and Song I S,2003 ; Survey of nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetables grown in Korea. Food Additives and Contaminants, 20(7):621-628.
Shahlaei A, Alemzadeh N.N and Sadighie F.D,.Evaluation of Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Iran Southern (Ahwaz) Vegetables During Winter and Spring of 2006., Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(8):1197-1203.
Jafari, A., Farzan, A., Azizzadeh, A., & Ghazanfarpour, N., 2001. Nitrate and Nitrite Level in Some Vegetables Produced in Isfahan, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6 (2): 125-123. (In Persian)
National Standard Organization, (2013), Maximum Nitrate Residue Limit in Agricultural Products, (16596). (In Persian)
Santamaria P, Elia A, Serio F and Todaro E, 1999 ; A survey of nitrate and oxalate content in retial fresh vegtables. Sci Food Agric 79:1882_1888.
ISO 6635.2000 Fruit. Vegtables and derived products Determination of nirite and nitrate content.
Sophie E, P. Donald E,I. Paul J, M. 2012 .A critical evaluation of on-farm rapid tests for measuring nitrate in leafy Vegetables., Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 134., Pages 1-6.
Anjena U, Iqbql M, Abrol YP. Are nitrate concentration in leafy vegtables within safe limits?Current Scieence, 2007;92(3):355_360.
Susin J, Kmecl V,Gregoric I.2006. A survey of nitrite content of fruit and vegetables grown in Slowinia during. 1996-2002.food Edd& C;23(4):385-90.
Maynard DN, Barker AV, Minotti PL, Peck NH.Nitrate accumulation in vegetables, In: Brady NC, Norman ag(EDS). Advances in Agronomy . Vol 28, Academic press; 1996;77_78.
Lorenz, O.A.1978. Potentical nitrate levels in edible plant parts. In: D.R.Niclsen et al. (eds). Nitrogen in Environment. Vol. 2, Soil- Plant – Nitrogen Relationships, Academic Press, New York, U.S.A. 2010-2020.
Shahbazzadegan, S., Hashemimajd, K., Shahbazi, B., 2010.Determination of Nitrate Concentration of Consumed Vegetables and Fruits in Ardabil , Ardabil Scientific Research Journal: Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 10 (1) :38-47. (In Persian)
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Mahmoudi Meymand, , Mazaheri, M., 2014. Global Standards and Food Safety, 3th Conference on Food Science and Industry Quchan, Iran. (In Persian
Alinezhad Jahromi, , Mohammad Khani, A., Salehi, MH., 2010. Effect of Shahrekord Municipal Wastewater Treatment Yield of Lead and Cadmium in Lemongrass, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences Year 16, No. 60. (In Persian)
Malakouti, , Baybordi, A. Tabatabaei, J., 2004. Optimal use of fertilizer is an effective step in increasing yield, improving quality and reducing pollutants in vegetable and summer crops and promoting community health. Publication of Agricultural Sciences. First Edition .338 pp. (In Persian)
Sadeghipour Marvi, M., 2008. Standard for Nitrate Pollutants in Water, Soil and Vegetable and Summer Products, 2th Specialized Conference on Environmental Engineering, Tehran University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Alexander J. Nitrate in vegtables: scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in food chain. The Europian food Safety Authority Jornal. 2008; 689: 1-79
Gunes, F. 2005. Effects of Ammonium sulphate and Urea on NO3- and NO2- accumulation, nutrient contents and yield criteria in spinach. J. Scientia Horticulture, 106: 330-340.
National Standard Organization of Iran, (2014), Vegetables and its products - Measurement of nitrate and nitrite, (7 - 16721). (In Persian)
Knobeloch L, Sanla B, Hogan A, Postle J and Anderson H. 2000;Blue babies and nitrate-contaminated well water. Enurion Health perspect 108:675_678.
Manuela, angela, BM. Fatima, B., Debora, S.M.B.P.P. and Oliveria.Cristina, D.M. (2010). Contribution of different vegetable types to exogenous nitrate and nitrite exposure.Journal of food Chemistry,120: 960_966
.L hirondel, J. and L hirondel, J. L. Nitrarte and Man, Toxic, Harmless or Beneficial? CABI Publishing, 2002, 147pp.
Anjena U, Iqbql M, Abrol YP. Are nitrate concentration in leafy vegtables within safe limits?Current Scieence, 2007;92(3):355_
Ayaz A, Topcu A and Yurttagul M.2007; Survey of Nitrate and Nitrite Lenels of Fresh Vegetables in Turkey, Journal of Food Technology, 5(2):177-179.
Chung SY, Kim J S, Kim M, Hong M K, Lee O J, Kim C M and Song I S,2003 ; Survey of nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetables grown in Korea. Food Additives and Contaminants, 20(7):621-628.
Shahlaei A, Alemzadeh N.N and Sadighie F.D,.Evaluation of Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Iran Southern (Ahwaz) Vegetables During Winter and Spring of 2006., Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(8):1197-1203.
Jafari, A., Farzan, A., Azizzadeh, A., & Ghazanfarpour, N., 2001. Nitrate and Nitrite Level in Some Vegetables Produced in Isfahan, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6 (2): 125-123. (In Persian)
National Standard Organization, (2013), Maximum Nitrate Residue Limit in Agricultural Products, (16596). (In Persian)
Santamaria P, Elia A, Serio F and Todaro E, 1999 ; A survey of nitrate and oxalate content in retial fresh vegtables. Sci Food Agric 79:1882_1888.
ISO 6635.2000 Fruit. Vegtables and derived products Determination of nirite and nitrate content.
Sophie E, P. Donald E,I. Paul J, M. 2012 .A critical evaluation of on-farm rapid tests for measuring nitrate in leafy Vegetables., Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 134., Pages 1-6.
Anjena U, Iqbql M, Abrol YP. Are nitrate concentration in leafy vegtables within safe limits?Current Scieence, 2007;92(3):355_360.
Susin J, Kmecl V,Gregoric I.2006. A survey of nitrite content of fruit and vegetables grown in Slowinia during. 1996-2002.food Edd& C;23(4):385-90.
Maynard DN, Barker AV, Minotti PL, Peck NH.Nitrate accumulation in vegetables, In: Brady NC, Norman ag(EDS). Advances in Agronomy . Vol 28, Academic press; 1996;77_78.
Lorenz, O.A.1978. Potentical nitrate levels in edible plant parts. In: D.R.Niclsen et al. (eds). Nitrogen in Environment. Vol. 2, Soil- Plant – Nitrogen Relationships, Academic Press, New York, U.S.A. 2010-2020.
Shahbazzadegan, S., Hashemimajd, K., Shahbazi, B., 2010.Determination of Nitrate Concentration of Consumed Vegetables and Fruits in Ardabil , Ardabil Scientific Research Journal: Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 10 (1) :38-47. (In Persian)
