برآورد میزان تمایل به پرداخت برای بهبود کیفیت هوا در شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد محیط زیستاحسان اصغرزاد 1 , کامبیز هژبر کیانی 2 , علی امامی میبدی 3 , فرید عسگری 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ابهر، ابهر، ایران.
2 - استاد اقتصاد، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه اقتصاد انرزی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
4 - استادیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد ابهر، ابهر، ایران.
کلید واژه: بازار مسکن, ارزش گذاری محیط زیستی, قیمت گذاری هدانیک, آلودگی هوا,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به ضرورت آگاهی شهروندان در خصوص ارزش هوای پاک و شناخت تاثیر آلودگی بر دارایی ایشان و همچنین امکان تحلیل بهتر پروژهها و مقایسه آن ها با هم و انتخاب بهترین و کم هزینه ترین پروژه برای سیاستگذاران و برنامه ریزان اقتصادی، این مطالعه با هدف برآورد ارزش هوای پاک و میزان تمایل به پرداخت جهت بهبود کیفیت هوا توسط شهروندان در کلان شهر تهران انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: در مقابل روش مرسوم اقتصادی که ارزش یک کالا برای تمام موجودیت کالا محاسبه میشود، هدانیک روشی است که به وسیله آن ارزش لذت حس شده را از ویژگیهای یک کالا معین مینماید، روش قیمتگذاری هدانیک عبارت است از رگرسیون قیمت مشاهده شده یک کالا بر روی صفات کیفی آن، بنابراین میتوان گفت روش هدانیک تقاضای یک محصول و یا نهاده را به صورت تابعی از خصوصیات آن در نظر میگیرد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از دادههای معاملات انجام شده در بازار مسکن شهر تهران، در مقطع زمانی سال 1395 و براساس سه دسته ویژگی ساختاری، همسایگی و محیط زیستی به برآورد تابع قیمت هدانیک شهر تهران پرداختهایم. براین اساس تعداد 7141 نمونه از معاملات واقعی به صورت نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده از میان مناطق 22 گانه شهر تهران جمع آوری گردید. یافتهها: نتایج نشان میدهد 81 درصد از تغییرات لگاریتم قیمت مسکن به وسیله متغیرهای منتخب در مدل لگاریتمی دو طرفه، توضیح داده میشود. بیشتر متغیرهای به کار گرفته شده معنی دار و دارای علامت مورد انتظار میباشند. همچنین با استفاده از مشتق ضمنی، ضریب شاخص کیفیت هوا از تابع قیمت هدانیک، برآورد گردیده است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: میل نهایی به پرداخت برای یک واحد کاهش در شاخص کیفیت هوا (بهبود شاخص کیفیت هوا) برای هر خانوار، در تهران برابر با رقمی در حدود 3 میلیون ریال است. با توجه به میانگین متراژ خرید 72 متر مربع در شهر تهران، میل نهایی به پرداخت براساس هر متر مربع مبلغ 42 هزار ریال میباشد.
B Background and Objective: Due to the need for citizens to be aware of the value of clean air and the impact of pollution on their assets, as well as the possibility of better analysis of projects and compare them with each other and selecting the best and least expensive project for policy makers and economic planners, this study The value of clean air and the willingness to pay to improve air quality has been estimated by citizens in the metropolis of Tehran. Method: In contrast to the conventional economic method in which the value of a commodity is calculated for all commodity availability, hedonic is a method by which the value of enjoyment is determined by the characteristics of a commodity. The hedonic pricing method is the observed price of a commodity regression On its qualitative attributes, therefore, it can be said that hedonic method considers the demand of a product or input as a function of its characteristics. In this research, we used the data of the transactions carried out in the housing market of Tehran during the period of 1395 and based on the three structural, neighborhood and environmental characteristics we have estimated the price of the Tehran's hedonic price function. Accordingly, 7141 samples of real transactions were collected by simple random sampling from 22 areas of Tehran. Findings: The results show that 81 percent of logarithmic changes in housing prices are explained by selected variables in a two-way logarithmic model. Most of the variables used are meaningful and have an expected sign. Also, using the implicit derivative, the coefficient of air quality index is estimated from the function of the hedonic price. Discussion and Conclusion: The final desire to pay for a unit of air quality index (improvement of air quality index) for each household in Tehran is equal to the figure of about 3 million rials. According to the average purchase area of 72 square meters in Tehran, the final desire to pay per square meter is 42 thousand Rials.
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- Amirnezhad, h. 2007. Natural Resources Economics, Immortal Press.
- Hidano, N. 2002. The economic valuation of the environment and public policy a hedonic approach. USA: Edward Elgar publishing limited.
- Cola, A. 2001. Economics of Natural Resources, Environment and Policies. Siavash Dehghanian and Farrokh Din Ghezali. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad.
- Walsh, P. 2009. Hedonic property value modeling of water quality. Lake proximity and spatial dependence in central Florida. Florida publishing company. PP.220.
- Chiarazzo, V.; Coppola, P.; Dell Olio, L.; Ibeas, A.; and Ottomanelli, M. 2014. The effects of environmental quality on residential choice location. Social and behavioral sciences. Vol. 162(1).178-187.
- Huang, X. and Lanz, B. 2015. The value of air quality in Chinese cities: Evidence from labor and property market outcomes. International Environmental studies. Vol. 38(2). 1-31.
- Ligus, M. and Peternek, P. 2016. Mesuring structural, locational and environmental effects: a hedonic analysis of housing market in Wroclaw, Poland. Enterprise and competitive environmental Wroclaw: Social and behavioral sciences. Vol. 220(4). 251-260.
- Khosh akhlagh,R. And Hassan Shahi, M. 2002. Estimation of damages caused to residents of Shiraz due to air pollution, Journal of Economic Research. Vol. 61, 53-75.(In Persian)
- Sadeghi, K., Khosh akhlagh, R., Emadzadeh, M., Dilayli Esfahani, R., and Nafar M. 2008 Effect of Air Pollution on Housing Value (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis). Iranian Journal of Economic Research. Vol. 37. 171-192. (In Persian)
- Taylor, O. 2003. The hedonic method in a primer on nonmarket valuation. Kluwer academic publishers. PP.36.
- Ramirez, J.; Thalmann, P.; Schaerer, C. and Baranzini, A. 2008. Hedonic methods in housing market. Springer publishing company.
- Rosen, S. 1974. Hedonic price and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition. The journal of politicai economy. Vol. 82(1):34-55.
- Asgari, AS. and Akbari, N. 2000. Estimation of willingness to pay rural households for health insurance. Master Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 116 p. (In Persian)
- Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality. 2017. Observation of the Urban Planning of Tehran - Land Plotting and Land Use. Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization.
- Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality. 2017. Tehran City Statistics. Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization.
- Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality. 2017. Sustainability Atlas of Tehran City. Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization.
- Tehran Air Control Company. 2016. Tehran Air Quality Report in 2016. Tehran Air Control Company Press.
- Palmquist, R. B. 2003. Handbook of environmental economics, property value models. USA. Elsevier publishing company.
- Wooldridge, J. 2002. Introductory econometrics: A modern approach. South – Western publisher.2rd edition.
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- King, N. A. 2007. Economic valuation of environmental goods and services in the context of good ecosystem governance, journal of water policy. Vol. 6(3).51-67.
- Amirnezhad, h. 2007. Natural Resources Economics, Immortal Press.
- Hidano, N. 2002. The economic valuation of the environment and public policy a hedonic approach. USA: Edward Elgar publishing limited.
- Cola, A. 2001. Economics of Natural Resources, Environment and Policies. Siavash Dehghanian and Farrokh Din Ghezali. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad.
- Walsh, P. 2009. Hedonic property value modeling of water quality. Lake proximity and spatial dependence in central Florida. Florida publishing company. PP.220.
- Chiarazzo, V.; Coppola, P.; Dell Olio, L.; Ibeas, A.; and Ottomanelli, M. 2014. The effects of environmental quality on residential choice location. Social and behavioral sciences. Vol. 162(1).178-187.
- Huang, X. and Lanz, B. 2015. The value of air quality in Chinese cities: Evidence from labor and property market outcomes. International Environmental studies. Vol. 38(2). 1-31.
- Ligus, M. and Peternek, P. 2016. Mesuring structural, locational and environmental effects: a hedonic analysis of housing market in Wroclaw, Poland. Enterprise and competitive environmental Wroclaw: Social and behavioral sciences. Vol. 220(4). 251-260.
- Khosh akhlagh,R. And Hassan Shahi, M. 2002. Estimation of damages caused to residents of Shiraz due to air pollution, Journal of Economic Research. Vol. 61, 53-75.(In Persian)
- Sadeghi, K., Khosh akhlagh, R., Emadzadeh, M., Dilayli Esfahani, R., and Nafar M. 2008 Effect of Air Pollution on Housing Value (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis). Iranian Journal of Economic Research. Vol. 37. 171-192. (In Persian)
- Taylor, O. 2003. The hedonic method in a primer on nonmarket valuation. Kluwer academic publishers. PP.36.
- Ramirez, J.; Thalmann, P.; Schaerer, C. and Baranzini, A. 2008. Hedonic methods in housing market. Springer publishing company.
- Rosen, S. 1974. Hedonic price and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition. The journal of politicai economy. Vol. 82(1):34-55.
- Asgari, AS. and Akbari, N. 2000. Estimation of willingness to pay rural households for health insurance. Master Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 116 p. (In Persian)
- Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality. 2017. Observation of the Urban Planning of Tehran - Land Plotting and Land Use. Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization.
- Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality. 2017. Tehran City Statistics. Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization.
- Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality. 2017. Sustainability Atlas of Tehran City. Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization.
- Tehran Air Control Company. 2016. Tehran Air Quality Report in 2016. Tehran Air Control Company Press.
- Palmquist, R. B. 2003. Handbook of environmental economics, property value models. USA. Elsevier publishing company.
- Wooldridge, J. 2002. Introductory econometrics: A modern approach. South – Western publisher.2rd edition.