تاثیر اصلاح نشت و افزایش دبی آب خنک کننده کندانسور بر عملکرد سیستم آب شیرینکن خورشیدی بر پایه خلأ طبیعی و مجهز به کلکتور لوله خلأ
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیرمحمد جواد عباس پور 1 , محمدبهشاد شفیعی 2
1 - کارشناس ارشد مهندسی انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقاتتهران، تهران ایران
2 - استاد، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: آب شیرین کن خورشیدی, نمک زدایی با خلأ طبیعی, کلکتور لوله خلأ,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: عدم دسترسی به آب شیرین کافی، از مشکلات تهدید کننده مردم سراسر جهان میباشد و برای جلوگیری از وقوع این مشکلات، تحقیقات زیادی به منظور یافتن روشهایی جدید برای خالص سازی منابع مختلف آب شور با هزینه، انرژی و تاثیرات محیط زیستی کمتر، در حال انجام میباشد. این مطالعه با هدف تولید آب شیرین به روش خلأ طبیعی و با استفاده از لولههای خلأ و ایجاد خلأ توسط پمپ خلأ صورت گرفته است که به عنوان تلفیقی نوآورانه محسوب میشود. مضافا تاثیر فشارهای مختلف خلأ بر روی میزان آب شیرین تولیدی و سپس تاثیر اصلاح نشت و افزایش دبی آب خنک کننده کندانسور بر عملکرد سیستم به صورت تجربی بررسی شده است. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق، از پمپ خلأ جهت ایجاد خلأ اولیه استفاده شده و با خاموش شدن آن، ستون بارومتریک آب به طور طبیعی نقش حفظ خلأ در روزهای متوالی بعد را دارد. از کلکتورهای لوله خلأ برای بالا بردن نرخ انتقال حرارت به آب شور استفاده شده است. سپس عملکرد سیستم در روزهای متوالی مورد تحقیق قرار گرفته است. پس ازاصلاحات انجام یافته در سیستم، میزان آب تولیدی و راندمان سیستم مورد تحلیل و مقایسه قرار گرفتهاند. از پیرانومتر، فشار سنج خلأ و ترموکوپل نیز به ترتیب جهت اندازهگیری شدت تابش، فشار سیستم و دمای نقاط مختلف سیستم استفاده شده است. یافته ها: در این مطالعه با افزایش فشار خلأ میزان آب تولیدی سیستم و راندمان افزایش یافته و با انجام اصلاح نشت و افزایش دبی آب خنک کننده کندانسور، راندمان سیستم تغییر اندکی داشته است به طوری که سیستم میتواند در تعداد روزهای متوالی و متعدد بدون ایجاد خلأ مجدد، آب تولید کند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل از آزمایشها نشان میدهد که با افزایش خلأ میزان تولید آب شیرین و راندمان سیستم افزایش مییابد. همچنین پس از انجام تغییرات در سیستم ، به میزان kg/m2d 114/8 آب تولید شده است. مضافا راندمان به بالای 51 درصد رسیده و نیز تغییر جزئی در روزهای متوالی اولیه داشته که در نتیجه آن سیستم قادر به تولید آب به بیش از سه روز بدون استفاده مجدد از پمپ خلأ شده است.
Background and Objective: Lack of access to sufficient fresh water is a major threat to people around the world, and to prevent this, extensive research is being done to find new ways to purify different sources of brackish water at lower cost, energy and environmental impacts. The purpose of this study is to produce the freshwater through an NVD system using vacuum tube collectors and vacuum creation by a vacuum pump. Hence, this kind of system could be considered as an innovative combination one; in addition, the effect of different vacuum pressures on yield, then the effect of leakage modification and flow rate increase of cooling water on the system performance were experimentally investigated. Method: In this research, a vacuum pump was utilized to create an initial vacuum, and when it is switched off, a barometric water column maintains the vacuum naturally throughout the consecutive days. The vacuum collectors were used in order to enhance the saline water heat transfer; later the system performance was continually examined. After the improvements were carried to the system, the yield and efficiency were analyzed and compared with the first test. Furthermore, a pressure gauge, a pyranometer and some thermocouples were applied so as to measure the system pressure, solar radiation and temperatures respectively. Findings: The current study found that the yield and efficiency of the system increased by raising the vacuum pressure; besides, after the leakage modification and cooling water flow rate enhancement, the efficiency has been insignificantly varied in the first consecutive days resulting in a superior capability to produce fresh water for more than three days without reusing the vacuum pump. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that raising the vacuum pressure increased the yield and efficiency so that they reached to 8.114 kg/m2d and more than 51% respectively. Moreover, the efficiency slightly varied and as a result, the system would be able to produce freshwater for more than three days without reutilizing vacuum pump.
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- Midilli, A., Ayhan, T. , 2004.Natural vacuum distillation technique—part II: theory and basics.International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 373–389
- Ambarita, H., 2016.Study on the performance of natural vacuum desalination system using low grade heat source. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Journal, Vol. 8, pp. 346–358
- Al-Kharabsheh, S., Goswami, D., 2004.Theoretical analysis of a water desalination system using low grade solar heat. Solar Energy Journal. Vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 774–780
- Choi, S., 2017.Thermal type seawater desalination with barometric vacuum and solar energy. Energy Journal, Vol. 141, pp. 1332–1349
- Shafii,M. B., Shahmohamadi., M, Faegh., H. Sadrhosseini., 2016. Examination of a novel solar still equipped with evacuated tube collectors and thermoelectric modules. Desalination, vol. 382
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- Gude, V., Nirmalakhandan, N. 2008. Desalination Using Low-Grade Heat Sources. Energy Engineering Journal, Vol. 134, pp. 95-101.
- Eames, I.W., Maidment, G., Lalzad, A., 2007.A theoretical and experimental investigation of a small-scale solar-powered barometric desalination system. Applied Thermal Engineering.Journal. Vol. 27, pp. 1951–1959
- Gude, V. G., Nirmalakhandan, N., Deng, S., Maganti, A., 2012.Low temperature desalination using solar collectors augmented by thermal energy storage. Applied Energy Journal, Vol. 91, pp. 466-467
- Hosseini, A., Banakar, A., Gorjian, S. 2017. Development and performance evaluation of an active solar distillation system integrated with a vacuum-type heat exchanger. Desalination Journal, Vol 435, pp. 45-59
- Hamawand, I., Lewis, L., Ghaffour, N., Bundschuh, J., 2017.Desalination of salty water using vacuum spray dryer driven by solar energy. Desalination Journal, Vol. 404, pp. 182-191
- H. E. S. Fath, M. El-Samanoudy, K. Fahmy., A. Hassabou. 2003. Thermal-economic analysis and comparison between pyramid-shaped and single-slope solar still configurations. Desalination Journal, 159, pp. 69–79.
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- Water for a sustainable world, 2015.The United Nations World Water Development Report
- Shatat, M., Worall, M., Riffat, S., 2013.Opportunities for solar water desalination worldwide: Review. Sustainable Cities and Society Journal, Vol. 9 ,pp. 67-80
- Gorjian, S., Ghobadian, B., 2015.Solar desalination: A sustainable solution to water crisis in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol 48 ,pp. 571-584
- Li, Chennan., Goswami, Y., Stefanakos, E., 2013.Solar assisted sea water desalination: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 136–163
- Kalogirou, A., 2009.Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems. Elsevier Academic Press.
- Morad, M., El-Maghawry, H., Wasfy, K., 2017.A developed solar-powered desalination system for enhancing fresh water productivity. Sol. Energy Journal, Vol. 146, pp. 20–29
- Bilgil, A., Hırlakoğlu, B., 2017.An experimental study on desalination at vacuum environment under low pressure and low condensation temperatures. Desalination Journal, Vol 411,pp. 9-18
- Bemporad, G., 1995.Basic hydrodynamic aspects of a solar energy based desalination process. Solar Energy Journal, Vol. 54 ,pp. 125–134
- Midilli, A., Ayhan, T., 2004. Natural vacuum distillation technique—part I: theory and basics.International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 355–371
- Midilli, A., Ayhan, T. , 2004.Natural vacuum distillation technique—part II: theory and basics.International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 373–389
- Ambarita, H., 2016.Study on the performance of natural vacuum desalination system using low grade heat source. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Journal, Vol. 8, pp. 346–358
- Al-Kharabsheh, S., Goswami, D., 2004.Theoretical analysis of a water desalination system using low grade solar heat. Solar Energy Journal. Vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 774–780
- Choi, S., 2017.Thermal type seawater desalination with barometric vacuum and solar energy. Energy Journal, Vol. 141, pp. 1332–1349
- Shafii,M. B., Shahmohamadi., M, Faegh., H. Sadrhosseini., 2016. Examination of a novel solar still equipped with evacuated tube collectors and thermoelectric modules. Desalination, vol. 382
- M ,Faegh., Shafii, M. B., 2017. Experimental investigation of a solar still equipped with an external heat storage system using phase change materials and heat pipes. Desalination Journal, vol. 409
- Gude, V., Nirmalakhandan, N. 2008. Desalination Using Low-Grade Heat Sources. Energy Engineering Journal, Vol. 134, pp. 95-101.
- Eames, I.W., Maidment, G., Lalzad, A., 2007.A theoretical and experimental investigation of a small-scale solar-powered barometric desalination system. Applied Thermal Engineering.Journal. Vol. 27, pp. 1951–1959
- Gude, V. G., Nirmalakhandan, N., Deng, S., Maganti, A., 2012.Low temperature desalination using solar collectors augmented by thermal energy storage. Applied Energy Journal, Vol. 91, pp. 466-467
- Hosseini, A., Banakar, A., Gorjian, S. 2017. Development and performance evaluation of an active solar distillation system integrated with a vacuum-type heat exchanger. Desalination Journal, Vol 435, pp. 45-59
- Hamawand, I., Lewis, L., Ghaffour, N., Bundschuh, J., 2017.Desalination of salty water using vacuum spray dryer driven by solar energy. Desalination Journal, Vol. 404, pp. 182-191
- H. E. S. Fath, M. El-Samanoudy, K. Fahmy., A. Hassabou. 2003. Thermal-economic analysis and comparison between pyramid-shaped and single-slope solar still configurations. Desalination Journal, 159, pp. 69–79.