امکان سنجی تشکیل وزارت محیط زیست در نظام حقوقی ایران
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
علی مشهدی
1
,
فاطمه زابولی زواره
2
1 - دانشیار دانشکده حقوق، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشگاه قم.
2 - دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد قم. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/02/14
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/06/23
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/01
کلید واژه:
وزارتخانه محیط زیست,
حفاظت از محیط زیست,
نظام حقوقی,
سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست,
قوانین و مقررات,
چکیده مقاله :
سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، متولی اصلی حفاظت از محیط زیست و اجرای اصل 50 قانون اساسی است. دقت در عملکرد این سازمان، نشان از عدم توفیق در اجرای کامل و مؤثر وظایف محوله دارد که زمینه را برای طرح موضوع تشکیل وزارتخانه محیط زیست فراهم نموده است. موافقان این امر، دلایلی چون ایجاد یکپارچگی و انسجام مدیریتی، ضعف ساختاری و کاستی های نظام حقوقی و نظارت قانونمند مجلس را مطرح می کنند و مخالفان، به خلط امور حاکمیتی و تصدی گری، کم رنگ شدن وظیفه اصلی نهادهای موضوع ادغام و متفاوت بودن جایگاه آنها و دشواری مدیریت یک نهاد چند بخشی اشاره دارند. تحقیق حاضر با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی در صدد بررسی امکان تشکیل وزارتخانه محیط زیست در نظام حقوقی ایران است. بررسی ها نشان داد وجود مشکلات بنیادین حقوقی همچون نبود برنامه جامع توسعه پایدار و حفظ محیط زیست تدوین شده بر اساس سیاست های کلی نظام محیط زیست و همچنین وجود قوانین و مقررات موازی، پراکنده و قدیمی فاقد رویکردهای جامع نگر و نظام مند نسبت به مدیریت محیط زیست، مدیریت ذیل عنوان سازمان و یا وزارتخانه را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و باید ابتدا در صدد رفع آنها برآمد. با این حال به نظر می رسد با توجه به شأن و جایگاه سازمانی، اجتماعی و حقوقی وزارتخانه در نظام سیاسی کشور، ساختار وزارتخانه ای محیط زیست در ایجاد و اجرای این تحولات بنیادین و رفع مشکلات موجود، توفیق بیشتری داشته باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The Department of Environment is the main custodian of environmental protection and the implementation of Principle 50 of the Constitution. The accuracy of the organization's performance shows the failure of the full and effective implementation of the assigned tasks, which has provided the ground for raising the issue of forming the Ministry of Environment. Proponents of this plan express Reasons like Creating integration and managerial cohesion, structural weaknesses and shortcomings of the legal system and lawful parliamentary oversight and opponents point to the confusion of sovereignty and entrepreneurship, the weakening of the main task of the institutions subject to merging and their different positions, and the difficulty of managing a multi-sectoral institution difficulty of managing a multi-sectoral institution. The present study, with its descriptive-analytical method, seeks to examine the possibility of forming the Ministry of Environment in the Iranian legal system. Studies have shown that fundamental legal problems such as the lack of a comprehensive sustainable development plan and environmental protection developed based on the general policies of the environmental system, as well as the existence of parallel, scattered and old rules and regulations lack comprehensive and systematic approaches to environmental management, affects the management of the department or ministry, and they must be addressed first. However, given the ministry's organizational, social, and legal status in the country's political system, the Ministry of Environment's structure seems to be more successful in creating and implementing these fundamental changes and solving existing problems.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aggeri, F, 2005. "Les régimes de gouvernementalité dans le domaine de l'environnement." Presses Universities de Laval, pp.431-464.
Faryadi, M, Generalization of environmental protection in the Iranian legal system [dissertation]. University Shahid Beheshti, 2013
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Moharram negad, N, 2006, Environmental Management and Planning, Miran Publishing
Aqai toq, M., Faryadi, M, 2011, Investigating the number of Iranian ministries in the comparative context, Legal Information of the Presidential Institution Journal , No. 25.
Ramezani Qavam abadi, M, 2013, Environmental protection in the fundamental rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Judicial Rights Perspectives journal, No. 63, pp. 140-93.
Mojabi, M, 2017, Forming an independent ministry or joining the agricultural jihad?, Talk to Bahar newspaper, No. 151, Monday, March 13.
Parliamentary Research Center, 2018, "Expert opinion on: plan to form the Ministries of Energy, Water and Environment", serial number 2-15977
Abdollahi, M, Faryadi, M, 2010, "Legal Challenges of the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran", Quarterly Journal of Environmental Sciences, Year 7, No. 4, pp. 180-143.
Ebtekar, M, 2015, "Integrating the Environmental Organization is not the solution," Nasim News Agency said on Tuesday, February, 24: http://old.nasimonline.ir/Content/Detail/983054/159
Ebtekar, M, 2017, "But there are some ways to form the Ministry of Environment," she told Dawat Online on Tuesday, August 22: https://davatonline.ir/content/41172
Tabatabaie Motameni, M, 2008, Administrative Law, Tehran, Samt, 15th edition, third edition.
Laville, Bettina, 2010, "Du ministère de l'impossible au ministère d'État." Revue française d'administration publique” 2: 277-311.
Soleymani, E, Cheraqi, M, 2019, "Study of the performance of general policies regarding the environmental sector", report of the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, serial number 16720.
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Aggeri, F, 2005. "Les régimes de gouvernementalité dans le domaine de l'environnement." Presses Universities de Laval, pp.431-464.
Faryadi, M, Generalization of environmental protection in the Iranian legal system [dissertation]. University Shahid Beheshti, 2013
Mashadi, A, 2016, Government and the environment: From non-governmental approaches to participatory approaches, Government Research Journal, 8: 59-80
The site of the Environmental Protection Organization, Thursday, April 2, 2020: http://eform.doe.ir/portal/Home/147077
The site of the Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Management Organization, Thursday, April 2, 2020: https://frw.ir/02/fa/staticpages/page.aspx?tid=1492
Website of the Fisheries Organization of Iran, Objectives and Tasks, Thursday, April 2, 2020: http://www.shilat.com/site/Ahdaf.aspx
The website of the Plant Protection Organization, the main goals and objectives of the organization, Thursday, April 2, 2020: https://ppo.ir/fa-IR/DouranPortal/4952/page
Ministry of Energy website, Thursday, April 2, 2020: http://www.moe.gov.ir
Faryadi, M, 2018, Pathology of inter-organizational cooperation in environmental protection in Iranian administrative law, Administrative Law Journal, 6(16): 109-131.
Website of the Meteorological Organization, job description, Thursday, April 2, 2020: http://www.irimo.ir/far/services/general content/540
Ports and Maritime Organization website, tasks and missions, marine environment, Thursday, April 2, 2020: https://www.pmo.ir/fa/marineenvironment/pollutionprevention
Moharram negad, N, 2006, Environmental Management and Planning, Miran Publishing
Aqai toq, M., Faryadi, M, 2011, Investigating the number of Iranian ministries in the comparative context, Legal Information of the Presidential Institution Journal , No. 25.
Ramezani Qavam abadi, M, 2013, Environmental protection in the fundamental rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Judicial Rights Perspectives journal, No. 63, pp. 140-93.
Mojabi, M, 2017, Forming an independent ministry or joining the agricultural jihad?, Talk to Bahar newspaper, No. 151, Monday, March 13.
Parliamentary Research Center, 2018, "Expert opinion on: plan to form the Ministries of Energy, Water and Environment", serial number 2-15977
Abdollahi, M, Faryadi, M, 2010, "Legal Challenges of the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran", Quarterly Journal of Environmental Sciences, Year 7, No. 4, pp. 180-143.
Ebtekar, M, 2015, "Integrating the Environmental Organization is not the solution," Nasim News Agency said on Tuesday, February, 24: http://old.nasimonline.ir/Content/Detail/983054/159
Ebtekar, M, 2017, "But there are some ways to form the Ministry of Environment," she told Dawat Online on Tuesday, August 22: https://davatonline.ir/content/41172
Tabatabaie Motameni, M, 2008, Administrative Law, Tehran, Samt, 15th edition, third edition.
Laville, Bettina, 2010, "Du ministère de l'impossible au ministère d'État." Revue française d'administration publique” 2: 277-311.
Soleymani, E, Cheraqi, M, 2019, "Study of the performance of general policies regarding the environmental sector", report of the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, serial number 16720.
