بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در حفاظت محیط زیست شهر ایلام

محورهای موضوعی : محیط زیست شهری

پاکزاد آزادخانی ¹ ( استادیار گروه معماری و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه باختر ایلام، ایران *(مسئول مکاتبات) )
جعفر حسین زاده ² ( دانشیار گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران )
فرحناز کرمی ³ ( کارشناسی ارشد گروه برنامه ریزی توریسم،دانشگاه باختر ایلام، ایران )

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/07/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/09/01

کلید واژه: سرمایه‌ اجتماعی, محیط زیست, حفاظت محیط زیست, شهر ایلام,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: ارتباط محیط زیست و سرمایه اجتماعی از جمله موضوعات جدیدی است که موردتوجه محققان زیست‌‌محیطی قرار گرفته است. پژوهشگران معتقدند که سطوح سرمایه اجتماعی بر رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی و حفاظت از محیط زیست تأثیر به سزایی دارد و رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی افراد و تمایل آنها به حفظ محیط زیست به شخصیت، وضعیت و ظرفیت‌‌های اجتماعی در جامعه بستگی دارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر تعیین نقش سرمایه اجتماعی بر حفاظت محیط زیست در شهر ایلام می‌‌باشد. روش بررسی: روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی و از نوع کاربردی است. این تحقیق در سال 1396انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش ساکنان شهر ایلام هستند که تعداد 383 نفر از آنها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران انتخاب و بین آنها به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه‌‌ای توزیع شد. ابزار این پژوهش پرسش‌‌نامه محقق‌‌ساخته می‌‌باشد که روایی و پایایی آن با استفاده از نظر کارشناسان و آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 879/0 مورد تایید قرار گرفته است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌‌ها در این پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون‌‌های همبستگی و رگرسیون در نرم‌‌افزار Lisrel انجام شده است. یافته‌‌ها: یافته‌‌ها نشان داد که بین سرمایه اجتماعی و حفاظت از محیط زیست رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین بین ابعاد سرمایه رابطه‌‌ای و سرمایه شناختی و حفاظت محیط زیست رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. اما بین بعد سرمایه ساختاری و حفاظت محیط زیست رابطه‌‌ای یافت نشد. بحث و نتیجه‌‌گیری: در صورت وجود سرمایه اجتماعی در یک جامعه به اهداف از پیش تعیین‌‌شده به‌‌منظور حفظ محیط زیست با کمترین هزینه و با مشارکت، هماهنگی، تعاون مبتنی بر اعتماد و همبستگی می‌‌توان دست یافت. هر چه سرمایه اجتماعی در یک جامعه بیشتر باشد میزان تمایل به حفاظت از محیط زیست نیز بالا می رود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: The relationship between the environment and social capital is one of the newest subjects which have attracted the attention of the environmental researchers. Scholars believe that the levels of social capital have a significant effect on the environmental behaviors and the protection of the environment, and the environmental behaviors of people and their tendency to maintain the environment depend on personalities, conditions and social capacities in a society. In other words, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the role of social capital in protecting the environment in Ilam City. Methodology: The method used in this study is analytical-descriptive. The statistical population includes the residents of Ilam City, and 383 of them were chosen as the sample using Cochran's Formula, and they were given the questionnaires by Stratified Random Sampling Method. To gather the required data, the researcher-made questionnaire was used whose validity and reliability were confirmed by experts and by Cronbach's alpha, which was calculated to be 0.879. To analyze the data, correlation and regression tests in LISREL application were used. Findings: The findings reveal that there is a positive significant relationship between the social capital and protecting the environment. Furthermore, there is a positive significant relationship between the components of the relational capital and cognitive capital and protecting the environment. However, there is no relationship between the component of structural capital and protecting the environment. Discussion and Conclusions: In order to realize the predetermined objectives of protecting the environment with the least amount of expenses and the most cooperation based on trust and affinity, social capital in the society is of utmost importance. The higher the social capital in a community, the higher the willingness and tendency to protect the environment in that community.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Abedi Sarvestani, A.; Shah Vali, M.; Mohaghegh Damad, S. M.; 2007, the Nature and Environmental Perspectives in the Islamic Thought; Periodic Journal of Ethics in Sciences and Technology,  Second Year, No. 1 and 2, (Persian).


2. Oskamp, A. S. (Author), 1990, Maher, Farhad (Translator); Social Applied Psychology; Translated by Farhad Maher, Mashhad, Publications of Astan Quds Razavi, 1990, (Persian).


3. Moahed, M.; Enayat, H.; Pour Ne’mat, A.; 2008, Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Political Participation of Women; Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Specific Social Research Issue, 2008, 161-190, (Persian).


4. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2002, (Persian)


5. Haghighatyan, M.; Pour Afkari, N.; Jafarinia, G.; 2012, The Effects of Environmental Social Behaviors on Social Development among the Workers in Southern Pars Oilfield; Journal for Studies in Social Development of Iran, 5 (1): 135-151, in Persian


6. Grafton, R. Quentin and Knowles, Stephen, 2003, Social capital and national environmental performance, Australian National University, Economics and Environment Network Working Paper, EEN0206.


7. Barr, S. 2007. Factors Influencing Environment Attitudes and Behaviors: A U.K.Case Study of Household Waste Management. Journal of Environment and Behavior.Vol.39.No.4.pp 435-473.


8. Gorgi Garsami, A., Radneya, H. Safari, R. and Asadi Rad, A. 2013. Investigate the relationship between social capital and citizen participation in environmental man-agement and urban health. The first conference national and urban and environmental services, Mashhad. (Persian).


9. Liu, Jingyan. Hailin Qu, Danyu Huang, Gezhi Chen, X. Y., Xinyuan Z., Zhuida L., 2014. The role of social capital in encouraging residents’ pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism. Tourism Management 41, 190-201.


10. Thomas M. L., 2013, The Influence of Social Class and Cultural Variables on Environmental Behaviors , Boston College.


11. Vaghefi, E. and Haghighatian, M., 2014. The Impact of Cultural Capital (Institutional Dimension) on Socio-Environmental Behaviors with the Sustainable Urban Development Approach (The Case of Shiraz City). Journal of urban economics and management. 2(8). PP. 48-65. (Persian)


12. Cascante, D., Harper, A and Sticks, G., 2015, International amenity migration: Examining environmental behaviors and influences of amenity migrants and local residents in a rural community. Journal of Rural Studies. 38. PP.1-11.


13. Larson, L., Stedman, R., Cooper, C. and Decker, D., 2015. Understanding the mul-tidimensional structure of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 43. PP.112-124.


14. Khoshfar, Gh.; Salehi, S.; 2009, Social Capital and Environmental Behavior; Conference for Investigating the Planning of Social Issues, November, Mazandaran Province, Iran, (Persian).


15. Salehi, S.; Imam Gholi, L.; 2012, Investigating the Effects of Social Capital on Environmental Behaviors (Case Study: Kurdistan Province); Journal of Iranian Sociology, Year Thirteen, Number Four, Winter of 2012, 90-115, (Persian).


16. Farahmand, M.; Shokouhifar, K.; Sayar Khalaj, H.; 2013, Investigating Social Factors Influencing Environmental Behaviors (Case Study: Citizens of Yazd City); Journal for Studies in Urban Sociology (Urban Studies), 4 (10), 109-141, (Persian).


17. Yazdani, H; Shams, A; 2016, Effects of Social Capital on Environmental Behaviors of Rural Residents in Marivan City District; Journal for Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, Number 4, Year 4, 75-85, (Persian).


18. Kabiri, A.; Karimzadeh, S.; 2017, Sociological Analysis of the Relationship between Social Capital and Environmental Concern; Journal of Applied Sociology, Year 28, Continuous Number 65, No. 1, 53-66, (Persian)


19. Bakhshi, M. R.; Pirdadeh Biranvand, K.; Falaki, M.; 2017, Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Environmental Behaviors among Students of Birjand University; Journal of Social Capital Management, Year 4, No. 3, 451-473, (Persian).


20. Tajbakhsh, Gh.; Javanmard, K.; Tarafi, A.; 2013, Analyzing the Relationship between Social Capital and Sense of Social Security in Hamidieh City; Periodic Journal of Social Security Studies, 2013, No. 33, 13-45, (Persian).


21. Ghafari, Gh.; 2005, Measuring Social Capital; Proceedings of the First Symposium on Social Capital and Social Wellbeing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 18, 2, in Persian


22. Coleman, J. (Author), 1998, Sabouri, Manouchehr (Translator); Foundations of the Social Theory; Tehran: Ney Publications, (Persian).


23. Bourdieu, P. 1986. The Forms Of Capital, in J.Richardson (ed) Handbook of Theory and Research forSociology of Education. N. Y. Greenwood Press .


24. Share’pour, M.; 2001, Prescription of Social Capital and its Consequences; Periodic Journal of the Iranian Association of Sociology, No. 3, (Persian).


25. Fukuyama, F.(1999), Social Capital and Civil Society, TheInstitute of Public Policy ,George Mason University.


26. Woolcock, M.; Narayan, D. (Authors), Khakbaz, A.; Pouyan, H., with the help of K. Tajbakhsh (Translators); 2005, Social capital and its Implications for Development Theory; Collection of Papers on Social Capital, Trust, Democracy, and Development, Tehran: Shirazeh Publications, (Persian).


27. Alavi, S. B.; 2001, Social Capital, Tadbir Journal, 2001, 12 (116), (Persian).


28. Hejr Gasht, K.; 2008, Investigating the Association between Social Capital and the Performance of Workers in Mobile Communication Company; Master’s Dissertation in Governmental Management (Human Resources), Islamic Azad University of Ghazvin, (Persian).


29. All the Keywords of the Department of Environmental Engineering, National Petrochemical Company, Visited on June 3, 2009, (Persian)


30. Roshd Encyclopedia, Environmental Protection, Visited on June 3, 2009, (Persian).


31. Habibi, M. H.; 2005, Environmental Rights, Publications of Tehran University, First Volume, in Persian


32. Portes, A. 1998. Social Capital: its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology, Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 1-24.


33. Renani, M.; Daliri, H.; 2010, Effects of Social Capital on Economic Growth: Developing a Theoretical Framework; Scientific and Research Journal of Economic Policy Making, Year 2, No. 4, 23-56, (Persian).


34. Nasrollahi, Z.; Islami, R.; 2013, Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Sustainable Development in Iran (an Application of Robert Foa Model); Periodic Scientific and Research Journal of Economic Growth and Development, Year 4, No. 13, 62-79, (Persian)