کاهش انتشار ترکیبات آلی فرارتجهیزات فرآیندی صنایع پتروشیمی با اجرای برنامه LDAR
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی هوا
مجید اسماعیلی
1
,
کیوان صائب
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن
2 - دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن *(مسوول مکاتبات)
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/06/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/12
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/10/01
کلید واژه:
دروبین مادون قرمز,
ترکیبات VOC,
صنعت پتروشیمی,
نشت تجهیزات فرآیندی,
LDAR,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: توسعه روز افزون صنعت پتروشیمی موجب افزایش میزان انتشار ترکیبات آلی فرار(VOC) به محیط زیست شده است و مشکلات جدی برای سلامتی عموم مردم، کاهش کیفیت هوا و افزایش گرمایش جهانی را به همراه داشته است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق شناسایی، تعیین و کاهش میزان نشت ترکیبات VOC در صنایع نفت و گاز و پتروشیمی است.روش بررسی: در این تحقیق از برنامه LDAR که نتایج آن مبتنی بر استفاده از دو آنالایزر مجهز به آشکارساز PID و دوربین مادون قرمز می باشد در پتروشیمی در سال 1395 استفاده شد. همچنین جهت تعیین میزان نشت ترکیبات نیز از روش اول EPA-21 استفاده شده است.یافته ها: مقدارکل نشتی ممکن در واحد پتروشیمی منتخب با در نظر گرفتن کلیه تجهیزاتی که دارای پتانسیل بالقوه انتشار آلاینده ها هستند، میزان 401/727 تن در سال برآورد شد، در حالی که با اندازه گیری و تعیین دقیق اجزاء دارای نشتی میزان انتشار محاسبه شده، 16/320 تن درسال است که با انجام برنامه LDAR این میزان نشت رفع و حذف گردید.بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایجی که جهت تخمین انتشار آلاینده های از روش محاسباتی تایید شده EPA در واحد پتروشیمی منتخب به دست آمد، مشخص گردید که وضعیت واحدهای مورد بررسی بسیار بهتر از متوسط جهانی می باشد و شیرآلات و اتصالات بیش ترین سهم را در انتشار ترکیبات آلی فرار دارند. با توجه به یافته های تحقیق حاضر، می توان نتیجه گرفت که اجرای صحیح و کامل برنامه LDAR ، نه تنها باعث کاهش انتشار VOCs و بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی خواهد شد، بلکه باعث کاهش هزینه ها و تولید محصولی بهتر و پاکترمی شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Developing of petrochemical industry has increased the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released to the environment and has caused to reduce air quality and to increase global warming and also serious problems for public health. The main objective of this research is to determine and reduce the amount of VOC compounds in oil, gas and petrochemical industries.Material and Methodology: In this study, the LDAR program which its results are based on the use of two analyzers equipped with PID detector and infrared camera was used. The EPA-21 method was also used to determine the leakage of compounds.Findings: The total amount of leakage potential was estimated to be 727.401 tons per year, considering all equipment, while the calculated emission components were precisely measured to be 320.16 tons; by doing the LDAR program these leakages were eliminated.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of estimating the emission of pollutants from EPA in the selected petrochemical unit, it was found that the condition of the studied unit is much better than the global average, it should be noticed that valves and fittings have the highest contribution in VOCs emissions. Regarding the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the proper implementation of the LDAR program will not only reduce VOC emissions and improve the economic situation but also reduce costs and produce a better and cleaner product.
منابع و مأخذ:
Kalabokas PD, Hatzaianestis J, Bartzis JG, Papagiannakopoulos P. Atmospheric concentrations of saturated and aromatic
hydrocarbons around a Greek oil refinery. Atmos Environ 2001; 35:2545 –2555.
Xue, Y. (2013) A Review of the Development of China’s Coal Industry. Journal of technology, 15, 87-94.
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World Health Organization Publications. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe; European Series No. 91;2000, World Health Organization: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2000.
Zabiegała, B.; Partyka, M.; Zygmunt, B.; Namie´snik, J. Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor air in the Gdansk area using permeation passive samplers. Indoor Built Environ. 2009, 18, 492–
Capelli, L.; Sironi, S.; Barczak, R.; Il Grande, M.; del Rosso, R. Validation of a method for odor sampling on solid area sources. Water Sci. Technol. 2012, 66, 1607–1613.
Bokowa, A.H. Review of odour legislation. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2010, 23, 31–36.
Trincavelli, M.; Coradeschi, S.; Loutfi, A. Odour classification system for continuous monitoring applications. Sens. Actuator B Chem. 2009, 139, 265–273.
Hu, R., Liu, G., Zhang, H., Xue, H. and Wang, X., 2018. Levels, characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs in different functional zones of Hefei. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 160, pp.301-307.
Wang, Q., Li, S., Dong, M., Li, W., Gao, X., Ye, R. and Zhang, D., 2018. VOCs emission characteristics and priority control analysis based on VOCs emission inventories and ozone formation potentials in Zhoushan. Atmospheric Environment, 182, pp.234-241.
Thepanondh, S., Varoonphan, J., Sarutichart, P. and Makkasap, T., 2011. Airborne volatile organic compounds and their potential health impact on the vicinity of petrochemical industrial complex. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 214(1-4), pp.83-92.
Keramati, A., Nabizadeh Nodehi, R., Rezaei Kalantary, R., Nazmara, S., Zahed, A., Azari, A., Bahramifar, H. and Mahvi, A.H., 2016. TVOCs and BTEX Concentrations in the Air of South Pars Special Economic Energy Zone. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(133), pp.236-244 (In persian).
Tiwari, V., Hanai, Y. and Masunaga, S., 2010. Ambient levels of volatile organic compounds in the vicinity of petrochemical industrial area of Yokohama, Japan. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 3(2), pp.65-75.
Cetin, E., Odabasi, M. and Seyfioglu, R., 2003. Ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations around a petrochemical complex and a petroleum refinery. Science of the Total Environment, 312(1-3), pp.103-112.
Tegstam, J. F., & Danjoux, R. (2007). Gas leak detection in the oil and gas industry using infrared optical imaging.FLIR Systems.
Profile of the petroleum refining industry.Sector notebook project EPAy310-R-95-013 SIC2911.EPA Office of Compliance, 1995.
Li, R. (2016) Application of LDAR Technology in Huizhou Petrochemical co., LTD and the VOCs Emission Reduction Effect. Chemical Intermediate , 34-35.
Zhao, J., & Chen, M. (2018). Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) Standard Review for Self-Inspection and Management for VOC Emission in China’s Traditional Energy Chemical Industry. Journal of Environmental Protection, 9(11), 1155.
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Kalabokas PD, Hatzaianestis J, Bartzis JG, Papagiannakopoulos P. Atmospheric concentrations of saturated and aromatic
hydrocarbons around a Greek oil refinery. Atmos Environ 2001; 35:2545 –2555.
Xue, Y. (2013) A Review of the Development of China’s Coal Industry. Journal of technology, 15, 87-94.
United states environmental protection agency Washington, D.C. 20460, 2010, method 21 - determination of volatile organic compound leaks.
World Health Organization Publications. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe; European Series No. 91;2000, World Health Organization: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2000.
Zabiegała, B.; Partyka, M.; Zygmunt, B.; Namie´snik, J. Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor air in the Gdansk area using permeation passive samplers. Indoor Built Environ. 2009, 18, 492–
Capelli, L.; Sironi, S.; Barczak, R.; Il Grande, M.; del Rosso, R. Validation of a method for odor sampling on solid area sources. Water Sci. Technol. 2012, 66, 1607–1613.
Bokowa, A.H. Review of odour legislation. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2010, 23, 31–36.
Trincavelli, M.; Coradeschi, S.; Loutfi, A. Odour classification system for continuous monitoring applications. Sens. Actuator B Chem. 2009, 139, 265–273.
Hu, R., Liu, G., Zhang, H., Xue, H. and Wang, X., 2018. Levels, characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs in different functional zones of Hefei. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 160, pp.301-307.
Wang, Q., Li, S., Dong, M., Li, W., Gao, X., Ye, R. and Zhang, D., 2018. VOCs emission characteristics and priority control analysis based on VOCs emission inventories and ozone formation potentials in Zhoushan. Atmospheric Environment, 182, pp.234-241.
Thepanondh, S., Varoonphan, J., Sarutichart, P. and Makkasap, T., 2011. Airborne volatile organic compounds and their potential health impact on the vicinity of petrochemical industrial complex. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 214(1-4), pp.83-92.
Keramati, A., Nabizadeh Nodehi, R., Rezaei Kalantary, R., Nazmara, S., Zahed, A., Azari, A., Bahramifar, H. and Mahvi, A.H., 2016. TVOCs and BTEX Concentrations in the Air of South Pars Special Economic Energy Zone. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(133), pp.236-244 (In persian).
Tiwari, V., Hanai, Y. and Masunaga, S., 2010. Ambient levels of volatile organic compounds in the vicinity of petrochemical industrial area of Yokohama, Japan. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 3(2), pp.65-75.
Cetin, E., Odabasi, M. and Seyfioglu, R., 2003. Ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations around a petrochemical complex and a petroleum refinery. Science of the Total Environment, 312(1-3), pp.103-112.
Tegstam, J. F., & Danjoux, R. (2007). Gas leak detection in the oil and gas industry using infrared optical imaging.FLIR Systems.
Profile of the petroleum refining industry.Sector notebook project EPAy310-R-95-013 SIC2911.EPA Office of Compliance, 1995.
Li, R. (2016) Application of LDAR Technology in Huizhou Petrochemical co., LTD and the VOCs Emission Reduction Effect. Chemical Intermediate , 34-35.
Zhao, J., & Chen, M. (2018). Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) Standard Review for Self-Inspection and Management for VOC Emission in China’s Traditional Energy Chemical Industry. Journal of Environmental Protection, 9(11), 1155.
