بررسی ترافیک شهری بر تجمع عناصر سنگین سرب و کادمیوم در گیاه رزماریRosmarinus) officinalis L.) و تاثیر همزیستی قارچ مایکوریزا گونه (Glomus mossea) برآن
محورهای موضوعی :
کشاورزی و محیط زیست
زهرا علی نژاد
1
,
سید علی ابطحی
2
,
مجتبی جعفری نیا
3
,
جعفر یثربی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، مدیریت حاصلخیزی و زیست فناوری خاک-بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک ، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
2 - استاد ،گروه علوم خاک، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت ایران . * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه بیولوژی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
4 - استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/03/02
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/07
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/12/01
کلید واژه:
گیاه پالایی,
همزیستی,
فلزات سنگین,
قارچ مایکوریزا. فاکتور انتقال,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه آلودگی به فلزات سنگین به یک مشکل جدی زیست محیطی تبدیل شده است. به منظور حفظ محیط زیست، یکی از روش های رو به گسترش و کم هزینه، پالایش در محیط به کمک گیاه پالایی یعنی بهره گیری از گیاهان برای حذف، کاهش و تثبیت آلاینده هاست. در این راستا استفاده از قارچهای همزیست با گیاه، می تواند سبب افزایش کارایی گیاه پالایی، کاهش مدت زمان لازم برای زدودن آلودگی و توسعۀ کاربرد آن شود .
روش بررسی: به منظور بررسی تاثیر ترافیک بر تجمع سرب و کادمیوم در گیاه دارویی رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) و همزیستی قارچ گونه ( Glomus mossea) بر آن، آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه فاکتور انجام گردید. عامل اول شامل همزیستی مایکوریزا (شاهد و تلقیح)، عامل دوم ترافیک (شاهد، 120، 300، 600، 950، 1200، 1800، 2400، 3000 ، 3600 و 4200 اتومبیل در ساعت) و عامل سوم نوع گلدان (شاهد و گلدانهایی که سطح خاک جز در محل نشاءها پوشیده شدهاند) بود که با سه تکرار در سال 1399-1398 و در کلان شهر شیراز انجام شد. در این آزمایش صفات وزن ریشه، کادمیوم خاک، کادمیوم اندام هوایی، کادمیوم ریشه، طول ساقه، طول ریشه اصلی، وزن خشک گیاه، سرب ریشه، اندام هوایی و خاک و فاکتور انتقال کادمیوم و سرب مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
یافتهها: نتایج مقایسه میانگینها نشان داد که تلقیح گیاهان با قارچ مایکوریزا حاکی از بالاتر بودن سرب بافت ریشه نسبت به اندام هوایی و خاک درترافیک 4200 اتومبیل در ساعت نسبت به شاهد بود. همزیستی با قارج مایکوریزا سبب افزایش وزن ریشه و وزن خشک گیاه، طول ساقه، طول ریشه اصلی در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب به میزان 93/23، 97/18، 82/0 و 87/30 درصد در ترافیک 4200 اتومیبل در ساعت گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که تیمار گلدانهای سربسته و تلقیح قارچ مایکوریزا سبب افزایش پارامترهای رشدی و کاهش کادمیوم و سرب شد.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: کاهش غلظت کادمیوم و سرب در گیاه رزماری تلقیح شده با مایکوریزا نشان می دهد که گیاه رزماری میتواند در خاکهای آلوده به کادمیوم و سرب رشدکند و توانایی پالایش عناصر سنگین بخصوص عنصر سرب با توجه به TF بزرگتر از 1را دارد و در این راستا همزیستی مایکوریزا به این توانایی کمک می کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. To protect the environment, one of the effective and low-cost methods is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove, reduce and stabilize pollutants. In this regard, the use of fungi that symbiosis with plants, can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation, reduce the time required to remove contamination, and develop its application.
Material and Methodology: This experiment was performed in order to investigate the traffic and symbiosis interaction’s effects on lead and cadmium accumulation in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The experiment donen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and three factors as factorial. The first factor includes mycorrhiza symbiosis (control and inoculation), the second factor was traffic (Control, 120, 300, 600, 950, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600, and 4200 cars per hour) and the third factor was the type of pot (Controls and pots where the soil surface is covered except at the place of seedlings) with three replications in 2019-2020 in Shiraz metropolis. In the experiment some properties were investigated such as root weight, soil cadmium, shoot cadmium, root cadmium, stem length, main root length, plant dry weight, root lead, cadmium, and lead transfer factors.
Findings: The results of mean comparisons showed that inoculation of plants with mycorrhizal fungi )Glomus mossea (had higher lead content of root tissue than shoots and soil in 4200 cars per hour compared to the control. Symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi increased root weight and plant dry weight, stem length, and main root length compared to the control by 23.93, 18.97, 0.82 and 30.87% in 4200 car traffic per hour, respectively. The results also showed that the treatment of closed pots and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi increased the growth parameters and decreased cadmium and lead.
Discussion and Conclusion: The reduction of cadmium and lead concentrations in the inoculated rosemary with Glomus mosses indicates that Rosmarinus officinalis L. can grow in soils contaminated with cadmium and lead. Also, the symbiosis of mycorrhizae increases th ability of rosemary.
منابع و مأخذ:
Pescod MB. Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture-FAO irrigation and drainage paper 47. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 1992.
Poor Khabaz A, Shirvani Z, Ghaderi MQ. Biodetection of air pollution in urban areas using sycamore species and sparrow tongue (Shiraz case study). Journal of Environmental Studies. 2015 jan :41(2):360-351. (In Persian)
Aazami J, Moradpoure H,Kianimehr N.A Review of Biotic Indices for Heavy Metals in Polluted Environment.Human and Environment journal. 2017 July:15(40):13-24.(In Persian)
Miransari M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and heavy metal tolerance in plants. InArbuscular mycorrhizas and stress tolerance of plants 2017 (pp. 147-161). Springer, Singapore.
Rezvani M, Qurban N, Zafarian F. Phytoremediation of Soils, Groundwater and Air by Plants. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2010 sep 1: 7-25. (In Persian)
Asgari Lagayer H, Najafi NA, Moghiseh A. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Soils Contaminated With Heavy Metals: Strategy for Managing Contaminated Land.J of Land Management. 1394 Dec 2(2): 111-123. (In Persian)
Clemens S. Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Biochimie. 2006 Nov 1;88(11):1707-19.
Ferrarini A, Fracasso A, Spini G, Fornasier F, Taskin E, Fontanella MC, Beone GM, Amaducci S, Puglisi E. Bioaugmented phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils and sediments by hemp and giant reed. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021 Apr 20;12:645893.
Chen S, Zhao H, Zou C, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Liu A, Zhao P, Wang M, Ahammed GJ. Combined inoculation with multiple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis in cucumber seedlings. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017 Dec 19;8:2516.
Bouyoucos GJ. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils 1. Agronomy journal. 1962 Sep;54(5):464-5.
Walkley A, Black TA. An estimation of Degtya raff method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 1934;37:23-38.
Allison LE, Moodie CD. Carbonate. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 1965 Jan 1;9:1379-96.
Chapman HD. Cation‐exchange capacity. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 Chemical and microbiological properties. 1965 Jan 1;9:891-901.
Olsen SR. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture; 1954.
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Chapman HD, Pratt PF. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Soil Science. 1962 Jan 1;93(1):68.
Rahman MF, Ghosal A, Alam MF, Kabir AH. Remediation of cadmium toxicity in field peas (Pisum sativum L.) through exogenous silicon. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017 Jan 1;135:165-72.
Garg N, Singh S. Arbuscular mycorrhiza Rhizophagus irregularis and silicon modulate growth, proline biosynthesis and yield in Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.(pigeonpea) genotypes under cadmium and zinc stress. Journal of plant growth regulation. 2018 Mar;37(1):46-63.
Tabrizi L, Mohammadi S, Delshad M, Moteshare Zadeh B. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under lead and cadmium stress. Environmental Sciences. 2015 Jun 22;13(2):37-48.
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Allen HE, Huang CP, Bailey GW, Bowers AR. Metal speciation and contamination of soil. Crc Press; 1994 Nov 29.
Jafari M, Jahantab E, Moameri M. Investigation of Remediation of Contaminated Soils with Heavy Metals Using Helianthus Annuus L. Plant. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2020 Sep 22;22(7):1-4.
Tronczynski, J., Albinis, T.A., Cofino, W.P. (1999). Ecological risk assessment of agrochemicals in European estuaries. Environ. Toxicol. Chem, 18 (7), 1574–1581.
Smit, HTJ., & Trigeorgis L. (2006). Strategic Planning: Valuing and Managing Portfolios of Real Options. R&D Management, 36(4):403-419.
Hatefi, M., & Tamosaitienė, J. (2019). An integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-fuzzy ANP model for evaluating construction projects by considering interrelationships among risk factors. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 25 (2), 114-131.
_||_
Pescod MB. Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture-FAO irrigation and drainage paper 47. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 1992.
Poor Khabaz A, Shirvani Z, Ghaderi MQ. Biodetection of air pollution in urban areas using sycamore species and sparrow tongue (Shiraz case study). Journal of Environmental Studies. 2015 jan :41(2):360-351. (In Persian)
Aazami J, Moradpoure H,Kianimehr N.A Review of Biotic Indices for Heavy Metals in Polluted Environment.Human and Environment journal. 2017 July:15(40):13-24.(In Persian)
Miransari M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and heavy metal tolerance in plants. InArbuscular mycorrhizas and stress tolerance of plants 2017 (pp. 147-161). Springer, Singapore.
Rezvani M, Qurban N, Zafarian F. Phytoremediation of Soils, Groundwater and Air by Plants. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2010 sep 1: 7-25. (In Persian)
Asgari Lagayer H, Najafi NA, Moghiseh A. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Soils Contaminated With Heavy Metals: Strategy for Managing Contaminated Land.J of Land Management. 1394 Dec 2(2): 111-123. (In Persian)
Clemens S. Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Biochimie. 2006 Nov 1;88(11):1707-19.
Ferrarini A, Fracasso A, Spini G, Fornasier F, Taskin E, Fontanella MC, Beone GM, Amaducci S, Puglisi E. Bioaugmented phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils and sediments by hemp and giant reed. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021 Apr 20;12:645893.
Chen S, Zhao H, Zou C, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Liu A, Zhao P, Wang M, Ahammed GJ. Combined inoculation with multiple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis in cucumber seedlings. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017 Dec 19;8:2516.
Bouyoucos GJ. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils 1. Agronomy journal. 1962 Sep;54(5):464-5.
Walkley A, Black TA. An estimation of Degtya raff method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 1934;37:23-38.
Allison LE, Moodie CD. Carbonate. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 1965 Jan 1;9:1379-96.
Chapman HD. Cation‐exchange capacity. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 Chemical and microbiological properties. 1965 Jan 1;9:891-901.
Olsen SR. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture; 1954.
Lindsay WL, Norvell W. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil science society of America journal. 1978 May;42(3):421-8.
Chapman HD, Pratt PF. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Soil Science. 1962 Jan 1;93(1):68.
Rahman MF, Ghosal A, Alam MF, Kabir AH. Remediation of cadmium toxicity in field peas (Pisum sativum L.) through exogenous silicon. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017 Jan 1;135:165-72.
Garg N, Singh S. Arbuscular mycorrhiza Rhizophagus irregularis and silicon modulate growth, proline biosynthesis and yield in Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.(pigeonpea) genotypes under cadmium and zinc stress. Journal of plant growth regulation. 2018 Mar;37(1):46-63.
Tabrizi L, Mohammadi S, Delshad M, Moteshare Zadeh B. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under lead and cadmium stress. Environmental Sciences. 2015 Jun 22;13(2):37-48.
Augé RM, Schekel KA, Wample RL. Osmotic adjustment in leaves of VA mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal rose plants in response to drought stress. Plant Physiology. 1986 Nov;82(3):765-70.
Sheng XF, Xia JJ, Jiang CY, He LY, Qian M. Characterization of heavy metal-resistant endophytic bacteria from rape (Brassica napus) roots and their potential in promoting the growth and lead accumulation of rape. Environmental pollution. 2008 Dec 1;156(3):1164-70.
Singh PC, Srivastava S, Shukla D, Bist V, Tripathi P, Anand V, Arkvanshi SK, Kaur J, Srivastava S. Mycoremediation mechanisms for heavy metal resistance/tolerance in plants. InMycoremediation and environmental sustainability 2018 (pp. 351-381). Springer, Cham.
Waranusantigul P. Phytoremediation potential of lead by Buddleja sp. and effects of its rhizobacteria on metal uptake (Doctoral dissertation, Mahidol University).
Rabie GH. Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to red kidney and wheat plants tolerance grown in heavy metal-polluted soil. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2005 Aug 16;4(4):332-45.
Gonzalez-Chavez C, Harris PJ, Dodd J, Meharg AA. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi confer enhanced arsenate resistance on Holcus lanatus. New Phytologist. 2002 Jul 1:163-71.
ZU YQ. Hyperaccumulator of Pb, Zn, and Cd in herbaceous grown on lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan, China. Environ. Int.. 2005;31(5):755-62.
Allen HE, Huang CP, Bailey GW, Bowers AR. Metal speciation and contamination of soil. Crc Press; 1994 Nov 29.
Jafari M, Jahantab E, Moameri M. Investigation of Remediation of Contaminated Soils with Heavy Metals Using Helianthus Annuus L. Plant. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2020 Sep 22;22(7):1-4.
Tronczynski, J., Albinis, T.A., Cofino, W.P. (1999). Ecological risk assessment of agrochemicals in European estuaries. Environ. Toxicol. Chem, 18 (7), 1574–1581.
Smit, HTJ., & Trigeorgis L. (2006). Strategic Planning: Valuing and Managing Portfolios of Real Options. R&D Management, 36(4):403-419.
Hatefi, M., & Tamosaitienė, J. (2019). An integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-fuzzy ANP model for evaluating construction projects by considering interrelationships among risk factors. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 25 (2), 114-131.