بررسی تاثیر زیست محیطی و اجتماعی توسعه صنعتی(مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
اقتصاد محیط زیست
عباس نوروززاده
1
,
مرضیه موغلی
2
,
احمدعلی خرم بخت
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا، واحد لارستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لارستان، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد لارستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لارستان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیارگروه جغرافیا، واحد لارستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لارستان، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/11/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/06/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/05/01
کلید واژه:
اثرات زیست محیطی و اجتماعی,
توسعه صنعتی,
شهر تهران,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در راستای دستیابی به اهداف توسعه ملی بی شک راهبرد صنعتی سازی، نقش بسزایی را ایفا نموده و اثرات اجتماعی و زیست محیطی خاص خود را بر جای می گذارد. در همین خصوص تعیین تاثیر توسعه صنعتی بر شاخص زیست محیطی و اجتماعی در شهر تهران هدف اصلی این تحقیق بوده است.روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر بر مبنای هدف از نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و جمع آوری اطلاعات نیز بر اساس تلفیقی از روش اسنادی و روش پیمایشی بوده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق را شهروندان تهران تشکیل دادند. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها پرسشنامه، مشاهده و مصاحبه بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون T تک گروهی استفاده شده است.یافته ها: نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد رابطه معناداری بین توسعه صنعت در تهران و آلودگی های زیست محیطی(افزایش زباله های الکترونیکی و غیرالکترونیکی، آلودگی هوا و ...) و اسکان غیررسمی وجود دارد. ولی با نابرابری اجتماعی(تضاد طبقات اجتماعی، نابرابری فرصت ها، برابری جنسیتی) رابطه معناداری ندارد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: با ورود و توسعه صنعت، پیامدهای زیست محیطی و اجتماعی نیز در گذر زمان پدیدار می شود. به محض اینکه کشورهای در حال توسعه، تکنولوژی کشورهای غربی را می پذیرند، ساخت های اجتماعی نیز تغییر می کند و محیط زیست منطقه نیز از این توسعه، تاثیر می پذیرد. توجّه به ارزیابی اثرات محیطی و اجتماعی به طور گسترده مورد نیاز کشورهای در حال توسعه است؛ زیرا به علّت توسعه نیافتگی اقتصادی و نبودِ زیرساخت های مناسب علمی و فنّی، طرح های توسعه در این کشورها تأثیر منفی فراوانی بر تنوّع زیستی و محیط زیست می گذارند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: In order to achieve national services, the strategy of industrialization undoubtedly plays an important role in protecting the special and natural resources of its particular environment. It has been described to this extent and can be customized.Material and Methodology: The purpose of this research is applied based on purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Tehran. Questionnaire, observation and interview were used for data collection. SPSS software and one-group T-test were used for data analysis.Findings: The results show that there is a significant relationship between the development of industry in Tehran and environmental pollution (increased electronic and non-electronic waste, air pollution, etc.) and informal housing, but with social inequality (social class conflict, opportunity inequality, gender equality) has no significant relationship.Discussion and Conclusion: As the industry evolves, environmental and social consequences also emerge over time. As soon as developing countries adopt western technology, social structures change and the region's environment is affected by this development. Consideration of environmental and social impacts is widely needed in developing countries because of the underdeveloped economy and lack of appropriate scientific and technological infrastructure; development plans in these countries have a significant negative impact on biodiversity and the environment.
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Fazeli, M., et al. (2008), "Social and Cultural Reports on the Establishment of Oil and Gas in Kharg Island, Understanding the Situation, the Causes of Problems and Problem Solving Solutions", Institute of International Energy Studies. (In Persian)
Akhavan, H. Nazari, R. (2007). Performance of Industrial Estates in Golestan Province and Providing Executive Solutions for Their Improvement., Economic Journal, No. 73, pp. 1-31. (In Persian)
Nasrollahi, Z. Ghafari Gulk, M. (2010). Air Pollution and its Affecting Factors (Case Study: SO2 Release, SPM in Iranian Manufacturing Industries). Journal of Economic Research - Tenth Year, No. 3, pp. 75-95. (In Persian)
Becker, H and Vanclay, F (2009), The International Social Impact Assesment, Translated by Hadi Jalili, Tehran: Sociologists publication.
Alshuwaikhat .H (2005), Strategic Environmental Assessment Can Help Solve Environmental Impact Assessment Failures in Developing Countries, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25,307–317.
Hamdi, Amir Entekhabi, sh. 2010. The metropolis of Greater Tehran and the challenges of urban management. Journal of Geography of the Land. Year 7, No. 13, 1-26.
Interorganizational Committee on Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment., (1995), "Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment", Environment Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 15, Pp. 11-43.
Interorganizational Committee on Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment., (1994), "Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment", U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/social_impact_guide.htm.
Western, J., Lynch, M., 2000. Overview of the SIA Process. Pp. 35-62. In Laurence R. Goldman. Social Impact Analysis: An Applied Anthropology.
Burdge, R.J., Robertson, R.A., (1998), "Social Impact Assessment and The Public Involvement Process", Conceptual Approach to Social Impact Assessment. Social Ecology Press. Pp. 183-192.
Fazeli, M., (2011), "Social Impact Assessment", Tehran: Publications of Sociologists. (In Persian)
Todaro M. 1991. Economic Development in the Third World. Translated by Gholam Ali Farjadi. Tehran: Publications of the Program and Budget Organization.
Golet d. 1995. Development: Creator and Destroyer of Values. Translated by Gholam Ali Farjadi. Journal of Program and Development, Volume 3, Number 10.
Bakhtiari P., Dehghanizadeh M. 2013. The role of industrial activities in economic development of data model approach (derived from urban areas). Journal of Planning and Budget Research. 18, No. 2. pp. 79-59.
Ahmadi, F. Rastghar, sh. Ahmadi, R. (2017) "Investigation of Social and Economic Consequences of Mining and Analysis of its Effect on Changing Mentorship of Masters (Case Study: Dehgolan County - Kurdistan Province) ", Scientific Journal of Rangeland. Year 11, Number 3. P. 365-377. (In Persian)
Hamidian, A., Nasrabadi, I., Ghodrati, H., (2017), "Study of the social and economic consequences of earthquake dam with emphasis on satisfaction of rural residents (case study of the village of Kabiz Sabzevar)", Geographical studies of arid regions. Volume 7, Number 27. Pp. 53-62. (In Persian)
Salahi S., Ghasemi, V., Hemmati, R., (2017), "Explore the process of implementing social impact assessment with an underlying theory approach", Quarterly Journal of Social Issues in Iran. Volume 9, Issue 1. P. 145-165. (In Persian)
Azami A., Alibeigi, A. H., Mirakzadeh, A., Darban astane, A., (2017), "Assessing the social impacts of water-based projects in the west of the country (Case study: Gavoshan Dam Irrigation and Drainage Networks)", Iranian drainage and water drainage. No. 1, vol. 12, pp. 88-99. (In Persian)
Palanisami, K. and Kumar, D. 2009. Impacts of watershed development programs: experiences and evidences from Tamil Nadu. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 22: 387-396.
Tran, T., Doan, T. 2010. Industrialization, economic and employment structure changes in Vietnam during economic transition. (MPRA Paper Number 26979, November 2010), Vietnam National University, College of Economics: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26979.
Kimura,F., Silva Chang, M., (2016). "Industrialization and poverty reduction in East Asia, Internal labor movements matter”, Journal of Asian Economics, 48(Feb.), pp. 23-37. doi: 10.1016/j.asieco.2016.10.005
Tehran Municipality, (2016). (In Persian)
Tavakol M, Nozari H. (2013). Analysis of Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Parsian Gas Refinery Industry on Rural Areas (Case Study: Rural Areas of Mehr County in Fars Province). Iranian Journal of Social Studies and Research. No. 4. pp. 29-48 (In Persian).
Nikkhah, H. Behzadi, S. (2016). Investigation of Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Industrial Facilities on Development Process (Case Study: Jam City). Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies. 8, No. 4. pp. 83-99. (In Persian)
