بررسی تاثیر بیوچارهای حاصل از بقایای گندم و ذرت بر جذب روی در محلول‌های آبی

محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزی و محیط زیست

حمیدرضا بوستانی ¹ (دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ایران *(مسئول مکاتبات).)
هانیه عسکری ² (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شیمی، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01

کلید واژه: جذب شیمیایی, بیوچار کاه‌ذرت, مدل لانگمویر, مدل سینتیکی شبه درجه دوم, بیوچار کاه‌گندم,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: در سال های اخیر، برای کنترل آلودگی محلول های آبی حاوی فلزات سنگین، استفاده از بیوچار به عنوان جاذب، مورد توجه پژوهش گران قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه کارایی بیوچار کاه گندم و کاه ذرت درجهت حذف روی از محلول های آبی تحت تاثیر فاکتورهای مختلف مانند pH ، زمان تماس، مقدار جاذب و غلظت ماده جذب شونده مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. روش بررسی: جهت توصیف ایزوترم جذب از مدل های لانگمویر و فروندلیچ استفاده شد و مدل های سینتیکی شبه درجه اول و شبه درجه دوم جهت توصیف سینتیک جذب به کار برده شدند. یافته ها: pH بهینه جذب روی توسط هر دو بیوچار، pH 5 بود. با افزایش زمان تماس، بازده جذب روی توسط دو جاذب افزایش یافت و در زمان بیست و چهار ساعت به حالت تعادل رسید. با افزایش سطح دو جاذب تا 20 گرم در لیتر (8/0 گرم) درصد حذف روی از محلول افزایش یافت درحالی که سطوح بالاتر سبب کاهش کارایی جذب شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل لانگمویر نسبت به مدل فروندلیچ برازش بهتری را بر داده های جذب روی نشان داد. بر این اساس، ظرفیت جذب روی توسط بیوچار کاه ذرت (60/9 میلی گرم بر گرم) از بیوچار کاه گندم (77/6 میلی گرم بر گرم) بیش تر بود. داده های سینتیکی جذب، توسط مدل شبه درجه دوم نسبت به مدل شبه درجه اول بهتر توصیف شدند، بنابراین به نظر می رسد که روند غالب جذب روی توسط بیوچار از نوع جذب شیمیایی باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که بیوچارهای مورد استفاده در این آزمایش می توانند به عنوان یک جاذب موثر، ارزان قیمت و دردسترس جهت حذف روی از محلول های آبی استفاده شوند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: In recent years, use of bio char as bio sorbent for pollution control of aqueous solutions containing heavy metals, has been considered by researchers. In the present study, the efficiency of wheat straw bio char and corn straw bio char for the removal of Zinc from aqueous solutions had been investigated under the influence of various factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and adsorbent concentration. Material and Methods: Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the adsorption isotherm and Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were applied for description of adsorption kinetics. Results: The optimum pH for Zn adsorption was found to be 5 by two bio chars. With increasing contact time, Zn adsorption efficiency was increased by two adsorbents and at 24 hours reached to equilibrium. The increase of bio char dosage until 20 g.L-1, the percentage of Zn removal in solutions was enhanced by tow adsorbents; however, the upper dosage of adsorbent caused a decrease in removal efficiency. The results indicate that the Langmuir model better fits on adsorption data than Freundlich model. Accordingly, Zn adsorption capacity by corn straw bio char (9.60 mg. g-1) was higher than the wheat straw bio char (6.77 mg.g-1). The kinetic data were better represented by the pseudo-second-order than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, so it seems that the dominant process of Zn adsorption to be a chemisorption. Conclusion: The results showed that the bio chars which used in this experiment can be applied as a low-cost, effective and available adsorbent for removal of Zn from aqueous solutions.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Barakat, M.A. 2011. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 4: 361-377.


2. Kumar, R., Rani, M., Gupta, H., Gupta, B. 2014. Trace metal fractionation in water and sediments of an urban river stretch. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 26: 200-209.


3. Bhattacharya A.K., Mandal S.N., Das S.K., 2006. Adsorption of Zn (II) from aqueous solution by using different adsorbents. Chemical Engineering Journal, 123: 43-51.


4. Li, Y., Yue, Q., Gao, B. 2010. Adsorption kinetics and desorption of Cu (II) and Zn (II) from aqueous solution onto humic acid. Journal of Hazardous Material, 178: 455-461.


5. Hu, X., Ding, Z.H., Zimmerman, A.R., Wang, S.S., Gao, B. 2015. Batch and column sorption of arsenic onto iron-impregnated biochar synthesized through hydrolysis. Water Resources, 68: 206-216.


6. Zhou, Y.M., Gao, B., Zimmerman, A.R., Chen, H., Zhang, M., Cao, X.D. 2014. Biochar supported Zero valent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions. Bioresource Technology, 152: 538-542.


7. Wang, F., Wang, H., Al-Tabbaa, A. 2014. Leachability and heavy metal speciation of 17-year old stabilised/solidified contaminated site soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 278: 144-151.


8. Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Ok, Y.S., Pittman, C.U., 2014. Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent – a critical review. Bioresource Technology, 160: 191-202.


9. Ahmad, M., Lee, S.S., Lim, J.E., Lee, S.E., Cho, J.S., Moon, D.H., Hashimoto, Y., Ok, Y.S. 2014a. Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions. Chemosphere, 95: 433-441.


10. Uchimiya, M., Lima, I.M., Thomas Klasson, K., Chang, S.C., Wartelle, L.H., Rodgers, J.E.,2010. Immobilization of heavy metal ions (CuII, CdII, NiII, and PbII) by broiler litter-derived biochars in water and soil. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 58: 5538-5544.


11. Mohan, D., Pittman, J., Bricka, C.U., Smith, M., Yancey, F., Mohammad, B., Steele, J., Alexandre-Franco ,P.H., Gomez-Serrano, M.F., Gong, V. 2007. Sorption of arsenic, cadmium, and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production. Journal ofColloid Interface Science, 310: 57-73.


12. Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A.U., Lim, J.E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., Vithanag, M., Lee, S.S., Ok, Y.S. 2014b. Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere, 99: 19-33.


13. Park, J.H., Ok, Y.S., Kim, S.H., Cho, J.S., Heo, J.S., Ronald, D., Seo, D.C. 2016. Competitive adsorption of heavy metals onto sesame straw biochar in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere, 142: 77-83.


14. Mantonanaki, A., Pellera, F.M., Gidarakos, E. 2015. Use of biochar generated from spent coffee grounds for the removal of Zn (II) from Aqueous Sollutions. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Rhodes, Greece, 3-5 September.


15. Xu, X., Cao, X., Zhao, L. 2013. Comparison of rice husk- and dairy manure derived biochars for simultaneously removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions: Role of mineral components in biochars. Chemosphere, 92: 955-961.


16. Chen, X., Chen, G., Chen, L., Chen, Y., Lehmann, J., McBride, M.B., Hay, A.G. 2011. Adsorption of copper and zinc by biochars produced from pyrolysis of hardwood and corn straw in aqueous solution. Bioresource. Technology, 102: 8877-8884.


17. Mendez, A., Gomez, A., Paz-Ferreeiro, J., Gasco G. 2012. Effects of sewage sludge biochar on plant metal availability after application to a Mediterranean soil. Chemosphere, 89: 1354-1359.


18. Melo, C.A., Coscionc, A.R., Aberu, C.A., Puga, A.P., Camargo, O.A. 2013. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on cadmium and zinc sorption capacity of sugar cane straw drived biochar. Bio Resources, 8: 4992-5004.


19. Sun, Y., Gao, B., Yao, Y., Fang, J., Zhang, M., Zhao, Y., Chen, H., Yang, L. 2014. Effect of feedstock type, production method and pyrolysis temperature on biochar and hydrobiochar properties. Chemical Engineering Journal, 240: 574-578.


20. Yang, X., Liu, J., McGrouther, K., Hung, H., Lu, K., Gao, X., He, L., Lin, X., Che, L., Ye, Z., Wang, H. 2015. Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22: 3183-3190.


21. Abdelhafez, A., Li, J., Abbas, H.H. 2014. Feasibility of biochar manufactured from organic waste on the stabilization of heavy metals in a metal smelter contaminated soil. Chemosphere, 117: 66-71.


22. Ding, Z., Hu, X., Wan, Y., Wang, S., Gao, B. 2015. Removal of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel from aqueous solutions by alkali-modified biochar: Batch and column tests. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 15: 300-307.


23. Febrianto, J., Kosasih, A.N., Sunarso, J., Ju, Y.H., Indraswati, N., Ismadji, S. 2009. Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: asummary of recent studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials,162: 616-645.


24. Ho, Y.S., McKay, G., Wase, D.A.J., Foster, C.F. 2000.  Study of the sorption of divalent metal ions on the peat. Adsorption Science and. Technology, 18: 639-650.


25. Larkin, P. 2011. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy: principles and spectral interpretation. Elsevier.


26. Yu, J.X., Wang, L.Y., Chi, R.A., Zhang, Y.F., Xu, Z.G., Guo, J. 2013. Competitive adsorption of Pb2+and Cd2+on magnetic modified sugarcane bagasse prepared by two simple steps. Appl. Surf. Sci., 268: 163-170.


27. Lu, H., Zhang, W., Yang, Y., Huang, X., Wang, S., Qiu, R. 2012. Relative distribution of Pb²⁺ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar. Water Resources, 46: 854-862.


28. Sari, A., Tuzen, M., Uluözlü, O.D., Soylak, M. 2007. Biosorption of Pb (II) and Ni (II) fromaqueous solution by lichen (Cladonia furcata) biomass. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 37: 151-158.


29. Jiang, S., Huang, L., Tuan, A.H., Ok, Y.S., Rudolph, V., Yang, H., Zhang, D. 2016. Copper and zinc adsorption by softwood and hardwood biochars under elevated sulphate-induced salinity and acidic pH conditions. Chemosphere, 142: 64-71.


30. Boutsika, L.G., Karapanagioti, H.K., Manariotis, I.D. 2014. Aqueous mercury sorption by biochar from malt spent rootlets. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 225: 1-10.


31. Cui, X., Hao, H., Zhang, C., Hec, Z., Yang, X., 2016. Capacity and mechanisms of ammonium and cadmium sorption on different wetland-plant derived biochars. Science of the Total Environment, 539: 566–575.


32. Xu, X., Cao, X., Zhao, L. 2013. Comparison of rice husk- and dairy manure-derived biochars for simultaneously removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions: Role of mineral components in biochars. Chemosphere, 92: 955-961.


33. Keiluweit, M., Nico, P.S., Johnson, M.G., Kleber, M. 2010. Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar). Environmental Science and Technology, 44: 1247-1253.


34. Li, Q., Zheng, T., Wang, P., Jiang, J., Li, N. 2010. Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and mechanism studies of some substituted phenols on activated carbon fibers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157: 348–356.


35. Siswoyo, E., Firachmatika, A., Kautsar, R.B. 2016. Removal of Cu (II) in Water by Using Adsorbent Based on Volcanic Ash of Mount Kelud in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7: 657-660.


36. Kılıc, M., Kırbıyıkb, I., Özge, C.¸ Ays, E.P.¸ Pütün, E. 2013. Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by bio-char, a by-product of pyrolysis. Applied Surface Science, 283: 856-862. 


37. Chen, T., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Lu, W., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Y., Ren, L. 2014. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and heavy metal adsorptive performance of biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 164: 47-54.