تدوین مدل زون بندی مناطق تحت حفاظت مبتنی بر تکنیک آنتروپی شانون (مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت شده حرا)
محورهای موضوعی : آمایش سرزمیننغمه شریفی 1 , افشین دانه کار 2 * , مریم رباطی 3 , نعمت اله خراسانی 4 , طاهر رجایی 5
1 - دانشجوي دكتري محيط زيست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقيقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، تهران، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشكده منابع طبيعي، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسي محيط زيست، دانشكده منابع طبيعي و محيط زيست، واحد علوم و تحقيقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ايران
4 - استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشكده منابع طبيعي، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
5 - استاد، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.
کلید واژه: پهنه بندی, تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره, مدل های ترکیب خطی معیار, منطقه حفاظت شده, حرا.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: هدف اصلي از زون‌بندي محيط‌هاي طبيعي تحت مديريت، تشريح و تعیین سطوح مختلف حفاظت و كاربري و جدا نمودن مناطق حساس و آسيب‌پذيراست. در این مطالعه سعی شده تا با زون‌بندی منطقه حفاظت شده حرا، زمینه برای مدیریت بهینه منطقه یاد شده فراهم شود تا به اهداف حفاظتی مورد تاکید سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست و اتحادیه جهانی حفاظت یعنی حمایت از تنوع زیستی، تضمین بهره برداری پایدار انسان از طبیعت و حفظ فرايندهاي اكولوژيك و نگهداري سيستم‌هاي حيات بخش دست یافت.
روش بررسی: منطقه حفاظت شده حرا، به عنوان یک منطقه حساس دریایی که دارای بیشترین وسعت جنگل های مانگرو در ایران می‌باشد، با وسعت 86258 هکتار بين دو شهرستان بندر خمیر و قشم در استان هرمزگان، قرار گرفته است. در فرآیند زون‌بندی پس از شناسایی معیارهای با ماهیت اکولوژیک و انسانی برای هر یک از زون های یازده گانه و غربال سازی آنها توسط روش دلفی به کمک روش تصمیم گیری آنتروپی شانون معیارها وزن دهی شد، سپس مدل خطی ترکیب معیارهای مکانی تدوین و در محیط GIS لایهسازی و تلفیق گردیدند و در سال 1400 نقشه زون بندی به عنوان واحدهای برنامه ریزی در منطقه تهیه شد.
یافته ها: نتیجه حاصل از زون بندی در منطقه حفاظت شده حرا نشان می دهد زون های طبیعت محدود شده 40/12%، حفاظتی 83/14%، استفاده گسترده 28/3% ، استفاده متمرکز 65/0%، فرهنگی و تاریخی07/0%، استفاده ویژه 11/0%، سپر بازدازنده90/63%، علمی ترویجی21/0 % و سایر استفاده‌ها 54/4% از کل مساحت منطقه را به خود اختصاص داده اند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: جمع بندی نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که می توان با استفاده از معیارهای مکانی و تبدیل آنها به مدل های ترکیب خطی، پهنه بندی مناطق را به درستی و با حفظ ارزش های اکولوژیک و انسانی مهیا ساخت.
Background and Objective: The main purpose of zoning natural environments under management is to describe and determine different levels of protection and to separate sensitive and vulnerable areas. In this study, an attempt has been made to zoning the mangrove protected area to provide the basis for the optimal management of the area in order to achieve the protection objectives emphasized by the Department of Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Material and Methodology: The Hara protected area, as a sensitive marine area with the largest area of mangrove forests in Iran, with an area of 86258 hectares is located between the two cities of Bandar Khamir and Qeshm in Hormozgan province. In the zoning process, after identifying criteria with ecological and human nature for each of the eleven zones and screening them by Delphi method, the criteria were weighted using Shannon entropy decision method, then a linear model of combining spatial criteria was developed and in GIS environment. They were layered and combined, and zoning map was prepared as planning units in the region.
Findings: The result of zoning in the Hara protected area shows restricted nature zones 12.40%, protection Zone 14.83%, Extensive Use Zone 3.28%, Intensive Use Zone 0.65%, cultural and historical Zone 0.07%, Special Use Zone 0.11%, Buffer Zone 63. 90%, Scientific Zone 0.21% and Other Uses Zone 4.54% of the total area.
Discussion and Conclusion: Summarizing the research results showed that using zoning models of spatial criteria, zoning of areas can be provided correctly and while preserving ecological and human values.
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