مطالعه غلظت برخی از عناصر سنگین در گندم، گوجه‌فرنگی و ذرت و ارزیابی ریسک کمی غیر سرطانزایی: حاشیه رودخانه کشف رود، مشهد

محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزی و محیط زیست

قاسم ذوالفقاری ¹ (دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
مهری دلسوز ² (کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران)
آمنه سازگار ³ (کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
زهره اخگری سنگ آتش ⁴ (کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/02/01

کلید واژه: گوجه‌فرنگی, کشف رود, ذرت, فلزات سنگین, گندم,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: گندم، ذرت، و گوجه فرنگی از مهم ترین محصولات غذایی هستند. این مطالعه اولین اطلاعات کمی از تجمع فلزات سنگین (سرب، کادمیوم و آرسنیک) را در خاک، ریشه، و برگ/دانه گیاهان گندم، ذرت و گوجه‌فرنگی در زمین‌های کشاورزی اطراف رودخانه کشف رود مشهد فراهم می‌کند. روش بررسی: غلظت سرب، کادمیوم، و آرسنیک توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی مجهز به کوره گرافیتی مدل GBC GF3000 آنالیز شد. یافته‌ها: آنالیزهای آماری نشان داد که میان تجمع فلز سنگین کادمیوم بین خاک، ریشه و برگ/دانه گیاهان مختلف تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد (01/0>p برای گندم و ذرت و 0004/0=p برای گوجه فرنگی). بین تجمع فلز سنگین سرب بین خاک، ریشه و دانه گندم تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت ولی در مورد سایر گیاهان تفاوت معنی دار بود (01/0>p). نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنی داری بین گروه‌های خاک و ریشه و دانه گندم در مورد آرسنیک وجود ندارد اما این تفاوت در مورد گوجه‌فرنگی معنی دار بود (026/0=p). بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه با استانداردهای جهانی مقایسه شده است. این پایش چند گونه‌ای در راستای ارزیابی ریسک سلامت مصرف‌کنندگان به روش EPA/WHO صورت گرفته است. غلظت های سرب، کادمیوم، و آرسنیک گونه های گندم، ذرت، و گوجه‌فرنگی زیر محدوده پیشنهادی SMEWW EPA،WHO و EU هستند. نتایج مطالعه حاضر کمک کرد تا داده‌هایی از حوزه اطراف رودخانه کشف‌رود مشهد به عنوان شاخص اثرات طبیعی و انسانی روی اکوسیستم‌های آبی تهیه شود و همچنین نمایه خطرات انسانی مرتبط با مصرف گندم ارزیابی شود. ریسک سلامت ناشی از دریافت آلاینده‌های فلزی از گندم با استفاده از خارج قسمت خطر (THQ) ارزشیابی گردید. در این مطالعه THQ کم تر از یک می‌باشد که نشان می‌دهد هیچ خطر سلامتی بالقوه معنی‌داری مرتبط با مصرف گندم در زمین‌های کشاورزی اطراف رودخانه کشف‌رود مشهد وجود ندارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea Maize), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are among the most important components of food. This paper provides the first quantitative information on accumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in ground (soils) overground (leaves) and underground (roots) parts of wheat, corn, and tomatoaround the Kashafroud River in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Method: The concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, graphite furnace (GBC GF3000). Results: Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference among the cadmium concentrations of soil, roots and leaves/grain in various plants (p<0.01 for wheat and corn and p=0.0004 for tomato). There was not a significant difference among the lead concentrations of soil, roots and grain in wheat (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference for other plants (p<0.01 for corn and tomato). Furthermore, statistical analysis was done for arsenic concentrations of soil, roots and leaves/grain in wheat and tomato (p>0.05 for wheat and p=0.026 for tomato). Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study were compared with global standards. As well as in this monitoring, health risk assessment by EPA/WHO instructions has been done. The concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in soil were below the limits proposed by WHO, EPA, and EU. The results of the present study aimed to provide data from Kashafroud River as indicators of natural and anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystem as well as to evaluate the human hazard index associated with wheat consumption. Health risk assessment of consumers from the intake of metal contaminated was evaluated by using Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) calculations. In this study, the THQ through consumption of wheat was less than 1, indicating that there is no significant potential health risk associated with the consumption of wheat from the around the Kashafroud River.  

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