ارزیابی هیدروژئولوژیکی سیستم پمپ حرارتی مجهز به منبع آب زیرزمینی (GWHP)
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستهاجر برزگر 1 , هادی جعفری 2 , سیدمجید هاشمیان 3
1 - دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد هیدروژئولوژی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود.
2 - دانشیار هیدروژئولوژی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار مهندسی مکانیک تبدیل انرژی، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک و مکاترونیک، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود.
کلید واژه: GWHP, MT3DMS, پمپ حرارتی آب زیرزمینی, شبیهسازی گرما,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پمپ حرارتی مجهز به منبع آب زیرزمینی که در آن از دمای ثابت آب های زیرزمینی در قالب منبع انرژی پاک و قابل تجدید برای گرمایش و سرمایش استفاده می شود، راهکاری برای ذخیره انرژی و کاهش تولید دی اکسید کربن می باشد. بدین منظور آب زیرزمینی، توسط چاه پمپاژ استخراج شده و پس از عبور از مبدل حرارتی و انجام تبادلات گرمایی از طریق چاه تزریق به آبخوان بازگردانده می شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی هیدروژئولوژیکی پمپ حرارتی مجهز به منبع آب زیرزمینی (GWHP) می باشد که در سال 1394 انجام شده است. روش بررسی: نظر به مشابهت معادلات حاکم بر انتقال جرم و گرما در محیط متخلخل، کد تخصصی مدل سازی انتقال جرم MT3DMS، با رویکرد بررسی انتقال حرارت درآب زیرزمینی به کار گرفته شده و شبیه سازی جریان آب زیرزمینی و انتقال حرارت انجام شده است. یافته ها: نتایج نشان می دهد آب تزریق شده به سفره، به علت تبادل انرژی در سیستم پمپ حرارتی، موجب تشکیل هاله حرارتی در اطراف چاه تزریق می شود. وجود این هاله به عنوان نشانگر تأثیرگذاری دمای آب تزریق شده بر آبی که به عنوان منبع در زیرزمین وجود دارد تلقی می گردد. میزان بزرگی هاله از نظر انتقال حرارت و نهایتاً کارآیی سیستم مطلوب نبوده و وسعت و جهت حرکت آن به طور مستقیم تحت تأثیر پارامترهای هیدروژئولوژیکی می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج واضح مدل سازی، با تغییر پارامترهای هدایت هیدرولیکی وابسته به نوع رسوبات در محیط متخلخل، شیب هیدرولیکی و تخلخل، وسعت هاله حرارتی دچار تغییر شده که می تواند عملکرد پمپ حرارتی را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. از نتایج می توان جهت به کارگیری این سیستم در کشور با توجیه پذیری فنی اقتصادی استفاده نمود.
Background and objective: Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system that uses the constant temperature of the groundwater as the source of the clean and renewable energy for heating and cooling, is applied as a strategy for energy saving and the CO2 reduction. In this technique, groundwater is extracted by pumping wells, passed through the heat exchanger and then returned to aquifer through the injection shafts. This research is aimed to assess the Groundwater Heat Pump (GWHP) System from hydrogeological point of view. Method: Regarding the mathematical similarities between transport of the heat and mass in porous media, the applied computer code of MT3DMS in mass transport modelling, was used in this study for simulation of the heat transfer in the groundwater system to assess the GWHP from hydrogeological viewpoint. Finding: The results show that a thermal plume is developed around the injection well due to the energy exchanges in GWHP system. This plume is regarded as an indicator of the impact of the injected water temperature on the underground source. Its extent and direction which are directly affected by the hydrogeological parameters is not fair from the heat transport aspect and finally the performance of the GWHP system. Discussion and Conclusion: Modelling results clearly show that with the change in hydraulic conductivity in relation to the type of the sediments in porous media, hydraulic gradient and porosity of aquifer, the extent of the thermal plume is changed, expecting impacts on functionality of the GWHP system. The results of the study can be used in utilization of the GWHP system in the country, of course after the technical-and-economic justifications.
- Nam, Y., & Ooka, R. (2011). Development of potential map for ground and groundwater heat pump systems and the application to Tokyo. Energy and Buildings, 43(2), 677-685.
- Sanner, B., Karytsas, C., Mendrinos, D., & Rybach, L. (2003). Current status of ground source heat pumps and underground thermal energy storage in Europe. Geothermics, 32(4), 579-588.
- Lund, J.W., Freeston, D.H., Boyd, T.L., 2011. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review. Geothermics 40 (3), 159–180.
- Ferguson, G., 2009. Unfinished business in geothermal energy. Ground Water, 47(2), 167-167.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., & Verda, V. (2012). Development of the thermally affected zone (TAZ) around a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system: a sensitivity analysis. Geothermics, 43, 66-74.
- Russo, S. L., Gnavi, L., Roccia, E., Taddia, G., & Verda, V. (2014). Groundwater Heat Pump (GWHP) system modeling and Thermal Affected Zone (TAZ) prediction reliability: Influence of temporal variations in flow discharge and injection temperature. Geothermics, 51, 103-112.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., & Abdin, E. C. (2015). 167-Open-Loop Groundwater Heat Pump (Gwhp) Injection Systems: Effects On Thermal Affected Zone (Taz) Development.
- Beretta, G. P., Coppola, G., & Della Pona, L. (2014). Solute and heat transport in groundwater similarity: model application of a high capacity open-loop heat pump. Geothermics, 51, 63-70.
- Gao, Q., Zhou, X. Z., Jiang, Y., Chen, X. L., & Yan, Y. Y. (2013). Numerical simulation of the thermal interaction between pumping and injecting well groups. Applied Thermal Engineering, 51(1), 10-19.
- Zhou, X., Gao, Q., Chen, X., Yu, M., & Zhao, X. (2013). Numerically simulating the thermal behaviors in groundwater wells of groundwater heat pump. Energy, 61, 240-247.
- Yang, Q. C., Liang, J., & Liu, L. C. (2011). Numerical model for the capacity evaluation of shallow groundwater heat pumps in Beijing Plain, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10, 881-889.
- Hecht-Mendez, J., Molina-Giraldo, N., Blum, P., Bayer, P., 2010. Evaluating MT3DMS for heat transport simulation of closed geothermal systems. Ground Water 48 (5), 741–756
- Rode, A., Liesch, T., & Goldscheider, N. (2015). Open-loop geothermal heating by combined extraction–injection one-well systems: A feasibility study. Geothermics, 56, 110-118.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., & Gnavi, L., (2012). An open-loop ground-water heat pump system: transient numerical modeling and site experimental results. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
- Russo, S. L., & Taddia, G. (2010). Advective heat transport in an unconfined aquifer induced by the field injection of an open-loop groundwater heat pump. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(3), 253.
- Taddia, G., Russo, S. L., & Verda, V. (2015). Comparison Between Neural Network and Finite Element Models for the Prediction of Groundwater Temperatures in Heat Pump (GWHP) Systems. In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory-Volume 6 (pp. 255-258). Springer International Publishing.
- Casasso, A., Piga, B., Pace, F., Godio, A., & Sethi, R. (2017). Thermal impact assessment of Groundwater Heat Pumps (GWHPs): modelling assumptions and key parameters.
- Wu, Q., Tu, K., Sun, H., & Chen, C. (2018). Investigation on the sustainability and efficiency of single-well circulation groundwater heat pump systems. Renewable Energy.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., Abdin, E. C., & Verda, V. (2016). Effects of different re-injection systems on the thermal affected zone (TAZ) modelling for open-loop groundwater heat pumps (GWHPs). Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(1), 48.
- http://www.suna.org.ir
Todd, D.K. and Mays, L.W., 2005. Groundwater Hydrology, Third Edition, John Wiley and sons, New York.
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- Nam, Y., & Ooka, R. (2011). Development of potential map for ground and groundwater heat pump systems and the application to Tokyo. Energy and Buildings, 43(2), 677-685.
- Sanner, B., Karytsas, C., Mendrinos, D., & Rybach, L. (2003). Current status of ground source heat pumps and underground thermal energy storage in Europe. Geothermics, 32(4), 579-588.
- Lund, J.W., Freeston, D.H., Boyd, T.L., 2011. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review. Geothermics 40 (3), 159–180.
- Ferguson, G., 2009. Unfinished business in geothermal energy. Ground Water, 47(2), 167-167.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., & Verda, V. (2012). Development of the thermally affected zone (TAZ) around a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system: a sensitivity analysis. Geothermics, 43, 66-74.
- Russo, S. L., Gnavi, L., Roccia, E., Taddia, G., & Verda, V. (2014). Groundwater Heat Pump (GWHP) system modeling and Thermal Affected Zone (TAZ) prediction reliability: Influence of temporal variations in flow discharge and injection temperature. Geothermics, 51, 103-112.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., & Abdin, E. C. (2015). 167-Open-Loop Groundwater Heat Pump (Gwhp) Injection Systems: Effects On Thermal Affected Zone (Taz) Development.
- Beretta, G. P., Coppola, G., & Della Pona, L. (2014). Solute and heat transport in groundwater similarity: model application of a high capacity open-loop heat pump. Geothermics, 51, 63-70.
- Gao, Q., Zhou, X. Z., Jiang, Y., Chen, X. L., & Yan, Y. Y. (2013). Numerical simulation of the thermal interaction between pumping and injecting well groups. Applied Thermal Engineering, 51(1), 10-19.
- Zhou, X., Gao, Q., Chen, X., Yu, M., & Zhao, X. (2013). Numerically simulating the thermal behaviors in groundwater wells of groundwater heat pump. Energy, 61, 240-247.
- Yang, Q. C., Liang, J., & Liu, L. C. (2011). Numerical model for the capacity evaluation of shallow groundwater heat pumps in Beijing Plain, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10, 881-889.
- Hecht-Mendez, J., Molina-Giraldo, N., Blum, P., Bayer, P., 2010. Evaluating MT3DMS for heat transport simulation of closed geothermal systems. Ground Water 48 (5), 741–756
- Rode, A., Liesch, T., & Goldscheider, N. (2015). Open-loop geothermal heating by combined extraction–injection one-well systems: A feasibility study. Geothermics, 56, 110-118.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., & Gnavi, L., (2012). An open-loop ground-water heat pump system: transient numerical modeling and site experimental results. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
- Russo, S. L., & Taddia, G. (2010). Advective heat transport in an unconfined aquifer induced by the field injection of an open-loop groundwater heat pump. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(3), 253.
- Taddia, G., Russo, S. L., & Verda, V. (2015). Comparison Between Neural Network and Finite Element Models for the Prediction of Groundwater Temperatures in Heat Pump (GWHP) Systems. In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory-Volume 6 (pp. 255-258). Springer International Publishing.
- Casasso, A., Piga, B., Pace, F., Godio, A., & Sethi, R. (2017). Thermal impact assessment of Groundwater Heat Pumps (GWHPs): modelling assumptions and key parameters.
- Wu, Q., Tu, K., Sun, H., & Chen, C. (2018). Investigation on the sustainability and efficiency of single-well circulation groundwater heat pump systems. Renewable Energy.
- Russo, S. L., Taddia, G., Abdin, E. C., & Verda, V. (2016). Effects of different re-injection systems on the thermal affected zone (TAZ) modelling for open-loop groundwater heat pumps (GWHPs). Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(1), 48.
- http://www.suna.org.ir
Todd, D.K. and Mays, L.W., 2005. Groundwater Hydrology, Third Edition, John Wiley and sons, New York.