معیارهای حقوقی بیمه حیات وحش و جبران خسارات ناشی از آن
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
مدریک پیرصاحب
1
,
منصور پورنوری
2
,
شیرین شیرازیان
3
,
داریوش کریمی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری حقوق محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم وتحقیقات تهران.
2 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم وتحقیقات تهران.
4 - استادیار و عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/07/10
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/09/01
کلید واژه:
خسارات حیات وحش,
بیمه,
جبران خسارات,
حقوق داخلی ایران,
چکیده مقاله :
حفاظت وصیانت از حیات وحش از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد بگونه ای که در قوانین داخلی راهکارهای مختلفی و از جمله گزینه جریمه برای فرد متخلف و عامل زیان در نظر گرفته شده است ولی بعنوان یک عامل بازدارنده نتوانسته به طور موثر عمل نماید، از طرف دیگر همیشه عامل انسانی منجر به تلف و یا از بین بردن گونه های جانوری وصدمه زدن به حیات وحش نمی گردد، بلکه عوامل طبیعی نیز با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی محل، می تواند منجر به بیماری و یا حادثه برای حیات وحش گردد. بنابراین لازم است راه کارهای کاهش تعارضات افراد و حیات وحش بررسی، تعدیل و با تخصیص هزینه مناسب، زمینه احیای زیستگاه های حیات وحش فراهم گردد تا مانع تخریب بیش از پیش حیات وحش نشده و گونه های در حال انقراض را حمایت نماید. یکی از راه های کنترل ریسک، انتقال آن به موسسات بیمه می باشد که این ریسک ها می بایست با حقوق وقانون بیمه، همگرایی و به عبارتی بیمه پذیر باشند. گستردگی حوزه حیات وحش وهزینه های صیانت وحفاظت از آن نیازمند حمایت دولت بعنوان متولی حفاظت از حیات وحش و ناظر بر صنعت بیمه می باشد. تلف یک گونه تحت پوشش بیمه ، همانند سایر پوشش های بیمه ای دیگر می تواند از حمایت شرکت بیمه برخوردار گردد، هر چند که در صنعت بیمه بعلت چالش های ارزیابی ریسک حیات وحش و سازمان متولی حیات وحش بعلت کمبود منابع مالی، تاکنون به این موضوع به صورت جدی پرداخته نشده است و شاید هم ناشی ازعدم شناخت کافی در این زمینه بوده باشد و یا ارزیابی درستی از ریسک خسارات این نوع پوشش بیمه ای ناشی شده باشد، در حال حاضرپرداختن به این موضوع ضرورتی اجتناب ناپذیر می باشد و متولیان صنعت بیمه وحیات وحش کشور می بایست اهتمام لازم را دراین زمینه بعمل آورند .
چکیده انگلیسی:
The protection of wildlife has a special place, as in the domestic laws, various solutions have been considered, including the option of fines for the violator and the cause of damage, but as a deterrent, it has not been able to act effectively. The human factor does not always lead to the loss or destruction of animal species and harming the wildlife, but natural factors can also lead to disease or accidents for the wildlife according to the climatic conditions of the place. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate, adjust and adjust the ways to reduce the conflicts between people and wildlife, and by allocating appropriate funds, the field for the restoration of wildlife habitats should be provided in order to prevent further destruction of wildlife and support endangered species. One of the ways to control risk is to transfer it to insurance institutions, and these risks should be in line with insurance laws and regulations, and in other words, they should be insurable. The vastness of the field of wildlife and the costs of its maintenance and protection require the support of the government as the guardian of wildlife protection and supervisor of the insurance industry. The loss of a species covered by insurance, like any other insurance coverage, can be supported by the insurance company, although in the insurance industry due to the challenges of wildlife risk assessment and the wildlife guardian organization due to the lack of financial resources, so far this issue has not been addressed. It has not been addressed seriously, and it may be due to the lack of sufficient knowledge in this field, or due to a correct assessment of the risk of losses of this type of insurance coverage. Currently, addressing this issue is an unavoidable necessity, and the trustees of the life insurance industry The country's wildlife should take the necessary care in this field.
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_||_
khalatbari Mansure, Book: Wildlife cognition and management, publishers payam noor. second edition 1391 p 35. (In Persian)
firooz Eskandar, Irans wildlife, fourth edition, markaze nashre daneshgahi 1394, p40-41. (In Persian)
khalatbari Mansure, Book: Wildlife cognition and management, publishers payam noor. second edition 1391 p 183. (In Persian)
Hoseinzade raberi mohamad hosein, Wildlife management and its role iin reducing species extinction and environmental threats, International conference on Engineering Science and Technology 2015 p 2. (In Persian)
Gram kali, Antoni inlayer, mansoor mesdaghi, Ecology and Wildlife management, Publishers: astan ghods razavi seventh edition 1391 p 51
Morison, M., Marcot, B., & Mannan, R. (1992). wildlife-habitat (relationships: concepts & applications. Wisconsin: Univercity of Visconsin Press).
Cheraghi Shahab, Interview: Extinction risk of animal and carnivorous species in Iran, portal of Environmental protection organization,
Farahbakjsh Golzari,advanced equipment guarantees the restoration of endangered species ,the portal of the Research Center of Islamic Consultative Assembly,
Janali salehi, Book: Insurance Rights, Insurance Institute Publications, Fifth Edition, 1393.p 130-132.
Ziaee Bigdeli, public international law, Tehran, Ganje danesh, p457.
Jolio dola, International responsibility of governments, Translation: EBRAHIM GOL, Publishers SHahre danesh, Tehran, to print ,1396, P379. (In Persian)
A et all 2009. the price of tolerance: wolf damage payments after recovery. biodiversity conservation).
M. Schaller. 2007. forests and wildlife management in Germany. Eurasian journal for researches. 59-70.
M. Schaller. 2007. forests and wildlife management in Germany. Eurasian journal for researches. 59-70)
Nyhus, P.J., S.A. Osofsky, P. Ferraro, F. Madden and H. Fischer. 2003. Bearing the costs of human-wildlife conflict: the challenges of compensation schemes. (R. Woodroffe, S. Thirgood, A. Rabinowitz, Eds.). Pp. 107-121 in People and Wildlife, Conflict or Coexistence? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
)sekhar, 1998) insurance in India: Economic and. Dandekar, V.M., 1976. Crop Relations, New Delhi: India political Weekly. june 26 p212.
Nyhus, P.J., S.A. Osofsky, P. Ferraro, F. Madden and H. Fischer. 2003. Bearing the costs of human-wildlife conflict: the challenges of compensation schemes. (R. Woodroffe, S. Thirgood, A. Rabinowitz, Eds.). Pp. 107-121 in People and Wildlife, Conflict or Coexistence? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
BADINI HASAN Comparative study in the basis of civil libility of service in Imamieh jurisprudence, Iran and France, journal of comparative law, fall and winter 1397-No.110 P17. (In Persian)