ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی کارکردهای غیر مصرفی (ارزش حفاظتی، میراثی و وجودی) منابع زیست‌محیطی تالاب بین‌المللی خلیج گواتر و خور یاهو
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد محیط زیست
محمود سینایی
1
(استادیار گروه شیلات، مرکز تحقیقات محیط زیست دریایی، واحد چابهار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چابهار، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
اشرفعلی حسینی
2
(اداره حفاظت محیط زیست شهرستان چابهار.)
سمانه دلیر بوستانسرایی
3
(دانشجوی دکتری آموزش محیط زیست، دانشگاه پیام نور، واحدری، ایران.)
کلید واژه: تالاب, گواتر و خور یاهو, هزینه, ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی زیست‌محیطی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تالاب بین‌المللی گواتر و خور یاهو به خاطر ویژگی‌های پوشش گیاهی نظیر وجود جنگل‌های مانگرو و وضعیت آن جزو مهم‌ترین تالاب‌ها برای تعداد زیادی از پرندگان مهاجر، عبوری و تولیدمثل کننده و آبزیان است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی ارزش‌های غیر مصرفی منابع زیست‌محیطی تالاب بین‌المللی خلیج گواتر و خور یاهو و حساس سازی منطقه‌ای و ملی نسبت به خدمات مناطق موردمطالعه به‌عنوان دارایی زیست‌محیطی و ارتقای جایگاه آن در سیاست‌گذاری توسعه‌ای انجام یافته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ارزش‌های غیر استفاده‌ای (ارزش حفاظتی، میراثی و وجودی) تالاب و عوامل مؤثر بر میزان تمایل به پرداخت افراد جامعه برای حفاظت از آن با استفاده از روش ارزش‌گذاری مشروط و پرسشنامه انتخاب دوگانه در سال 1395 موردبررسی قرار گرفت. ارزش زیستی، ارزش فرهنگی، ارزش میزان علاقه‌مندی به شکار، ارزش کل منطقه ازنظر سه کارکرد حیات‌وحش تفرج و گردشگری و بهبود شرایط آب و هوایی، کل تمایل به پرداخت برای زیستگاه حیات‌وحش، کل تمایل به پرداخت برای بازدید چشم‌اندازها، ارزش وجودی، ارزش حفاظتی توسط دولت، ارزش ذاتی، ارزش اثرات مثبت تالاب بر کشاورزی منطقه و تمایل به پرداخت جهت کنترل آلودگی هوا از اجزا ارزش‌های غیر مصرفی هستند که در این تحقیق موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی، تعداد 315 پرسشنامه از ساکنان منطقه جمع‌آوری شد. یافته ها:میانگین تمایل به پرداخت برای حفاظت از تالاب بین‌المللی گواتر و خور یاهو 48965ریال برآورد شده است. نتایج این بررسی نشان می‌دهد که مجموع ارزش اقتصادی کارکردهای غیر مصرفی تالاب بین‌المللی خلیج گواتر و خورباهو معادل 5/78285220701 ریال هست. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تالاب بین‌المللی گواتر و خور یاهو ارزش حفاظتی قابل‌توجهی دارد که این ارزش برای سیاست‌گذاران و تصمیم‌گیرندگان، توجیهی را فراهم می‌کند تا از کیفیت تالاب حمایت نمایند و از کم جلوه دادن منابع تالاب جلوگیری کنند.
Background and Objective: International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is located in the South East of Iran. This wetland is important for vegetation characteristics such as mangrove forests and due to the overall status is the most important wetland for many migratory birds and marine organisms like fish and sea turtles. The aim of this study was to economically evaluate the non-consumption values of environmental resources of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and to sensitize regional and national services to the study areas as environmental assets and to promote its position in development policy. Method:This research were carrying out to determine non-consumptive values (the value of conservation, heritage and existence) of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and measure individual’s willingness to pay (WTP) for preservation and recreational benefits based on contingent valuation (CV) and dichotomous choice (DC) in 2015. In this regards, the value of biological, cultural, natural and existential interest in hunting, willingness to pay for wildlife habitat, air pollution control, vision and values protected by the state visit, the positive effects on agricultural wetlands and wildlife value of the area in terms of three functions , recreation and tourism and improve the climate of the region is estimated. Random sampling, 315 questionnaires were collected from residents. Findings: The mean of willingness to pay for preservation value of this wetland is 48965 RLs. The results show that the total economic value of non-use functions of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is about 78.285.220.701 rials. Discussion and Conclusion: Results revealed that International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland had considerable preservation and recreational values. Thus, these values provide enough justification for policy makers to maintain the quality of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland, and avoid degrading wetland resources.
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- Kulshreshtha, S.N., 1994. Economic value of groundwater in the Assiniboine Delta Aquifer in Manitoba, Environment Canada, 70 pp.
- Leinhoop, N and Millan, D.M., 2007. Valuing wilderness in Iceland: Estimation of WTA and WTP using the market stall approach to contingent valuation. Land use Policy. 24(1): 289-295.
- Reynisdottir, M., Song, H., Agrusa, J., 2008. Willingness to pay entrance fees to natural attractions: An Icelandic case study. Tourism Management. 29(6):1076-1083.
- Montazer-Hojat, A.H., Mansouri, B., Ghorbannezhad, M., 2015. Economic Valuation of Shadegan Wetland. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics. 12(1): 55-77
- Jafarinejad, M. 2012, Economic valuation of environmental benefits of the International Wetlands in a conditional manner for defining conservation applications. Journal of Conservation and Exploitation of Natural Resources. First volume, first issue. (In Persian)
- Rafiei, S. 2009, Ethical tendencies of individuals in environmental valuation in Miankaleh wetland, Agricultural Economics Conference, Mashhad. (In Persian)
- Tabatabaei, 2001, Determination of the Protective Value of Miankaleh Wetland Birds by CVM Method, Master's Thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University .154 p. (In Persian)
- Pajoujan, J. Falihi N. 2005, Economic valuation of recreational services of environmental resources: Anzali lagoon, Economic research. (In Persian)
- Abbaspour, M. 2009, Economic valuation of market functions of environmental resources of Lake Erjan-Perishan with emphasis on aquatic species. Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 15, Number 1.(In Persian)
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- Danehkar, Afshin, 2006. Identification and zoning of coastal sensitive areas of Sistan and Baluchestan province. Natural Resources Office of Sistan and Baluchestan Province.258 pages. (In Persian)
- The List of Wetlands of International Importance Published., 2017. www.ramsar.org/pdf/lib/hbk4-17.pdf
- Ramsar Convention Bureau., 1971.Appendix 7, Ramsar Wetland Definition, Classification and Criteria for Internationally Important Wetlands. Ramsar, Iran.
- Erfani, M. 2009, Investigation of vegetative parameters of Mangrove forests of Gwatt Bay in southeastern Iran. Taxonomy and Biosystematic Journal, First Year, First Issue, Winter. (In persian)
- Mobaraki, A., 2015. Sustainable Management and conservation of the Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) in Iran. MSc thesis. International University of Andalusia, Baeza, Spain
- Newell Laurie, W and Swallow, S.K., 2013.Real-payment choice experiments: Valuing forested wetlands and spatial attributes within a landscape context. Ecological Economics. 92: 37-47.
- Karimzadegan, H. 2003, the Basics of Environmental Economics, Commercial Publishing. (In persian)
- Barbier, E.B., Acreman, M and Knowler, D., 2000. Economic Valuation of Wetlands, A Guide for Policy Makers and Planners. Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland, Switzerland.
- Amir Nezhad, H. Mojidian, S.M.J. 1394, Estimation of the Environmental Value of Environmental in Safeh Esfahan Mountainous Park (Estimated Approach for Individual Travel). Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, Vol. 29, No. 1, p. 30. (In persian)
- Fattahi, A. Fathzadeh, A. 2011, Protective valuation of watersheds using conditional valuation method (case study: Gomishan wetland). Journal of Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering, Year 5, No. 17. (In persian)
- Birol, E., Karousakis, K and Koundouri, P., 2006. Using economic valuation techniques to inform water resources management: A survey and critical appraisal of available techniques and an application. Science of the Total Environment. 365: 105–122.
- Gurluk, S., 2006. The estimation of ecosystem services value in the region of misirural development project: Result from a contingent valuation survey. Journal of Forest Policy and Economics. 9(3):209-218.
- Kulshreshtha, S.N., 1994. Economic value of groundwater in the Assiniboine Delta Aquifer in Manitoba, Environment Canada, 70 pp.
- Leinhoop, N and Millan, D.M., 2007. Valuing wilderness in Iceland: Estimation of WTA and WTP using the market stall approach to contingent valuation. Land use Policy. 24(1): 289-295.
- Reynisdottir, M., Song, H., Agrusa, J., 2008. Willingness to pay entrance fees to natural attractions: An Icelandic case study. Tourism Management. 29(6):1076-1083.
- Montazer-Hojat, A.H., Mansouri, B., Ghorbannezhad, M., 2015. Economic Valuation of Shadegan Wetland. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics. 12(1): 55-77
- Jafarinejad, M. 2012, Economic valuation of environmental benefits of the International Wetlands in a conditional manner for defining conservation applications. Journal of Conservation and Exploitation of Natural Resources. First volume, first issue. (In Persian)
- Rafiei, S. 2009, Ethical tendencies of individuals in environmental valuation in Miankaleh wetland, Agricultural Economics Conference, Mashhad. (In Persian)
- Tabatabaei, 2001, Determination of the Protective Value of Miankaleh Wetland Birds by CVM Method, Master's Thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University .154 p. (In Persian)
- Pajoujan, J. Falihi N. 2005, Economic valuation of recreational services of environmental resources: Anzali lagoon, Economic research. (In Persian)
- Abbaspour, M. 2009, Economic valuation of market functions of environmental resources of Lake Erjan-Perishan with emphasis on aquatic species. Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 15, Number 1.(In Persian)
- Venkatachalam, L., 2003. The contingent valuation method: a review, Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 24: 89-124.