تعیین و تحلیل کمی توده‌های جنگلی بلوط در رابطه با فیزیوگرافی در منطقه ایلگوران کرمانشاه
محورهای موضوعی :
منابع طبیعی
ضیاالدین باده یان
1
,
معصومه منصوری
2
,
نیکنام سلیمانی
3
1 - استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/01/21
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/05/11
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/01
کلید واژه:
ترکیبگونه‌ای,
ایلگوران,
جنگل‌های زاگرس,
ویژگی های فیزیوگرافی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: این تحقیق به‌منظور شناسایی توده‌های جنگلی در بخشی از منطقه ایل گوران به مساحت 430 هکتار واقع در استانکرمانشاه صورت پذیرفت.روش بررسی: تعداد 84 قطعه نمونه 16 آری با استفاده از شبکه آماربرداری تصادفی- سیستماتیک در منطقه پیاده گردید و در قطعات نمونه گونه‌های چوبی و فرم رویشی (دانه زاد یا شاخه زاد) آنها ثبت شد. طبقه بندی تیپ های جنگلی براساس دو فاکتور ترکیب‌گونه ای و مبدأ رویشی انجام گرفت. ابتدا با استفاده از نرم افزار ArcGIS نقشه واحدهای فیزیوگرافی (ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهت و شیب) و سپس باتلفیق آنها نقشه واحدهای زمین تهیه گردید.یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد تیپ های دانه زاد (شامل برودار دانه زاد و برودار- بنه دانه زاد) از نظر ارتفاع از سطح دریا دامنه گسترش محدودتری نسبت به سایر تیپ ها دارند. همچنین گونه برودار به‌عنوان یک گونه شاخص در تمام ارتفاعات حضور دارد. از نظر شیب زمین تیپ برودار- بنه شاخه و دانه زاد دارای دامنه انتشار وسیع‌تری نسبت به سایر تیپ‌ها بوده و در شیب های ملایم تا شیب 50 درصد مشاهده می شود.بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند مورد استفاده صاحب نظران و برنامهریزان قرارگرفته و به بهبود وضعیت مدیریتی جنگل‌های زاگرس کمک نماید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objectives: In order to identify different types of forest stands, present research was carried out in Ile Goran forest located in Kermanshah province with an area of 430 ha. Method: The number of 84 square sampling plots with the area of 1600 m2 by random-systematic sampling mehod and random starting point were established in the study area. Woody species and its origin (high forest or coppice) were observed and recorded in the plots. Based on species composition and species origin, forest type classification was done. First, the map of physiographical unit (elevation, slope, aspect) and landform units were prepared in GIS environment. Findings: The results showed that high forest types (including Quercus brantii and Quercus brantii – Pistacia atlantica type seed) have a narrower range of expansion in terms of altitude than other types. Quercus brantii as an indicator species, the species has wide range of elevation. In terms of land slope, Quercus brantii – Pistacia, either high forest of coppice, have a wider range of propagation than other types and is observed in gentle slopes up to 50% slope. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can be used by experts and planners and help to improve the Zagros forests management.
منابع و مأخذ:
Barbour, M.Gو. Burk, J.H., Pitts, W.D., Gillian, F.S., Schwartz, M.W. 1999. Terrestrial 14- plant ecology (3th edition), an important of Addison Wesley Longman Incorporation, 649 pp.
Shatai, Sh., 2003. Study of the possibility of forest type mapping using satellite data (Case study: Khirud Kenar forest in the north or Iran, PhD thesis. Department of Forestry and Economic Forest, Faculty of Natural Resources. University of Tehran, 155 p.
Javanshir, K., Jazirei, M. H., Zubairi, M., Marvi Mohajer, M. R., 2001. Dictionary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Forest and Environment, University of Tehran Press. Volume 13.
Bayat Movahed, F., 1998. Mapping the relationship between plant ecological groups and plant biodiversity indices in the Afratakhteh Sarkhdar region Sarkhdar, Environmental Studies, 33: 43: 33-37. (In Persian)
Barnes, B.V., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R., Spurr, S.H., 1998. Forest ecology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 773p.
Neufeldt V, Guralink D.B, 1988, Websters New World dictionary. Third College Edition, Simon and Schuster, New York, XP. 865 p.
Hegazy, A.K., Demedesh, E., Hosni, M.A., 1998. Vegetation, species diversity and floristic relations along an altitudinal gradient in south-west Saudi Arabi, Arid Environment, 3: 3-13p.
Fisher, M. A.. Fuel, P.Z., 2004. Changes in forest vegetation and arbuscular mycorrhizae along a steep elevation gradient in Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management. 200: 293-311.
Badano, E.I., Cavieres, L.A., Molina – Montenegro, M.A., Quiroz, C.L., 2005. Slope aspect influences plant association patterns in the Mediterranean matorral of central Chili. Journal of Arid Environments. 62: 93-108.
Grytnes, J.A.. Vetaas, O.R., 2002. Species richness and altitude: A comparison between null models and interpolated plant species richness along the Himalayan altitudinal gradient, Nepal, the American Naturalist. 159(3): 294-304.
White, M.A. Vankat, J.L., 2004. Middle and high elevation coniferous forest communities of the North Rim region of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Springer Netherlands, Journal Plant Ecology, 161-174. (In Persian)
Fattahi, M., 1994. New ideas for classification of Zagros forests. Publications of Forests and Rangelands Organization. Journal of Forests and Rangelands. (15-10): 23. (In Persian)
Basiri, R., 2003. Determination and quantitative analysis of forest types in relation to physiography in Marivan region. Research and Construction 60: 59-68. (In Persian)
Pourhashemi, M., 2014. Study of structural features of oak branches in Marivan forests. PhD thesis in Forestry, Natural College, University of Tehran. Karaj. 166 p. (In Persian)
Razavi, E., 2009. The effect of physiographic factors on quantitative traits of forest types (Case study; Vaz Forest Research. Wood and Forest Science and Technology Research. 16 (3). (In Persian)
Bawaqar, M. Qahramani, L. 2012. Quercus potential distribution modeling. Branti and other species using GIS (Case study: Baneh oak forests. International Conference on Climate Change, Sari, Iran. (In Persian)
Momeni Moghadam, T., 2012. The effect of some physiographic and soil factors on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of juniper forest (Case study: Lower Khorasan region), Iranian Forest Journal. 4 (2), 153-143. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Sarvaleh, F., PirBavaghar, M., Shabanian, N., 2014. Correlation of physiographic, human and climate factors with spatial distribution of Quercus brantii- Pistacia atlantica type in Sarvabad, Kurdistan province. Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 85-102. (In Persian)
Soleymani, N., Dargahi, D., Pourhashemi, M., Amiri, M., 2008. Effects of physiographical factors on oak sprout-clumps structure in Baba-Kooseh forest; Kermanshah province.
Volume 16, Issue 3 - Serial Number 33. Pages 477-467. (In Persian)
Gracia, M., Retana, J. 2004. Effect of site quality and shading on sprouting pattern of Holm oak coppice. Forest Ecology and Management. 188: 39-46p.
Bhagwat, S.A., Bhagwat, C.G., Kushalappa, P., Williams, H., Brown, N.D., 2005. Landscape approach to biodiversity conservation of sacred groves in the Western Ghats of India, Conservation Biology. 19 (2005), pp. 1853–1862.
Maroufi H., Sadri M.H., Sagheb Talebi Kh., Fatahi M. 2005. Site Demands and some Quantitative Characteristics of Lebanon Oak (Quercus Libani Oliv.) In Kurdistan Province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. Volume 13, Number 4; Page(S) 417 To 445. (In Persian)
Ghazanfari, H. 2003. Investigation of growth and changes in diagonal distribution in Quercus infectoria stands in order to present the pattern of forest regulation in Baneh region (Case study of Hoare Khol), PhD thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 82 p.
Jazirehi, M.H., Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M. (2003). Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, 560 p. (In Persian) Bruins, M.R., Kapil, S., and Oehme, F.W., 2000. Microbial resistance to metals in the environment. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf, Vol. 45, pp. 198–207.
_||_
Barbour, M.Gو. Burk, J.H., Pitts, W.D., Gillian, F.S., Schwartz, M.W. 1999. Terrestrial 14- plant ecology (3th edition), an important of Addison Wesley Longman Incorporation, 649 pp.
Shatai, Sh., 2003. Study of the possibility of forest type mapping using satellite data (Case study: Khirud Kenar forest in the north or Iran, PhD thesis. Department of Forestry and Economic Forest, Faculty of Natural Resources. University of Tehran, 155 p.
Javanshir, K., Jazirei, M. H., Zubairi, M., Marvi Mohajer, M. R., 2001. Dictionary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Forest and Environment, University of Tehran Press. Volume 13.
Bayat Movahed, F., 1998. Mapping the relationship between plant ecological groups and plant biodiversity indices in the Afratakhteh Sarkhdar region Sarkhdar, Environmental Studies, 33: 43: 33-37. (In Persian)
Barnes, B.V., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R., Spurr, S.H., 1998. Forest ecology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 773p.
Neufeldt V, Guralink D.B, 1988, Websters New World dictionary. Third College Edition, Simon and Schuster, New York, XP. 865 p.
Hegazy, A.K., Demedesh, E., Hosni, M.A., 1998. Vegetation, species diversity and floristic relations along an altitudinal gradient in south-west Saudi Arabi, Arid Environment, 3: 3-13p.
Fisher, M. A.. Fuel, P.Z., 2004. Changes in forest vegetation and arbuscular mycorrhizae along a steep elevation gradient in Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management. 200: 293-311.
Badano, E.I., Cavieres, L.A., Molina – Montenegro, M.A., Quiroz, C.L., 2005. Slope aspect influences plant association patterns in the Mediterranean matorral of central Chili. Journal of Arid Environments. 62: 93-108.
Grytnes, J.A.. Vetaas, O.R., 2002. Species richness and altitude: A comparison between null models and interpolated plant species richness along the Himalayan altitudinal gradient, Nepal, the American Naturalist. 159(3): 294-304.
White, M.A. Vankat, J.L., 2004. Middle and high elevation coniferous forest communities of the North Rim region of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Springer Netherlands, Journal Plant Ecology, 161-174. (In Persian)
Fattahi, M., 1994. New ideas for classification of Zagros forests. Publications of Forests and Rangelands Organization. Journal of Forests and Rangelands. (15-10): 23. (In Persian)
Basiri, R., 2003. Determination and quantitative analysis of forest types in relation to physiography in Marivan region. Research and Construction 60: 59-68. (In Persian)
Pourhashemi, M., 2014. Study of structural features of oak branches in Marivan forests. PhD thesis in Forestry, Natural College, University of Tehran. Karaj. 166 p. (In Persian)
Razavi, E., 2009. The effect of physiographic factors on quantitative traits of forest types (Case study; Vaz Forest Research. Wood and Forest Science and Technology Research. 16 (3). (In Persian)
Bawaqar, M. Qahramani, L. 2012. Quercus potential distribution modeling. Branti and other species using GIS (Case study: Baneh oak forests. International Conference on Climate Change, Sari, Iran. (In Persian)
Momeni Moghadam, T., 2012. The effect of some physiographic and soil factors on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of juniper forest (Case study: Lower Khorasan region), Iranian Forest Journal. 4 (2), 153-143. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Sarvaleh, F., PirBavaghar, M., Shabanian, N., 2014. Correlation of physiographic, human and climate factors with spatial distribution of Quercus brantii- Pistacia atlantica type in Sarvabad, Kurdistan province. Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 85-102. (In Persian)
Soleymani, N., Dargahi, D., Pourhashemi, M., Amiri, M., 2008. Effects of physiographical factors on oak sprout-clumps structure in Baba-Kooseh forest; Kermanshah province.
Volume 16, Issue 3 - Serial Number 33. Pages 477-467. (In Persian)
Gracia, M., Retana, J. 2004. Effect of site quality and shading on sprouting pattern of Holm oak coppice. Forest Ecology and Management. 188: 39-46p.
Bhagwat, S.A., Bhagwat, C.G., Kushalappa, P., Williams, H., Brown, N.D., 2005. Landscape approach to biodiversity conservation of sacred groves in the Western Ghats of India, Conservation Biology. 19 (2005), pp. 1853–1862.
Maroufi H., Sadri M.H., Sagheb Talebi Kh., Fatahi M. 2005. Site Demands and some Quantitative Characteristics of Lebanon Oak (Quercus Libani Oliv.) In Kurdistan Province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. Volume 13, Number 4; Page(S) 417 To 445. (In Persian)
Ghazanfari, H. 2003. Investigation of growth and changes in diagonal distribution in Quercus infectoria stands in order to present the pattern of forest regulation in Baneh region (Case study of Hoare Khol), PhD thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 82 p.
Jazirehi, M.H., Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M. (2003). Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, 560 p. (In Persian) Bruins, M.R., Kapil, S., and Oehme, F.W., 2000. Microbial resistance to metals in the environment. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf, Vol. 45, pp. 198–207.
