بررسی تجمع زیستی فلزات در رسوبات و عضله ماهیان رودخانه دز در سال ۱۳۹۳

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)

ثمر مرتضوی ¹ ( استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر* (مسوول مکاتبات) )
پریسا نوروزی ² ( دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران )

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/02/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/06/01

کلید واژه: فلزات, عامل تغلیظ زیستی, عامل وضعیت, رودخانه دز,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: ضرورت سنجش عناصر در آب زیان به دو مبحث مدیریت زیست بوم ها و سلامت غذایی انسان ها باز می گردد. در پژوهش حاضر غلظت عناصر Cu, Pb, Zn و Cd در رسوبات و بافت عضله چهار گونه ماهی بومی رودخانه دز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت تا آلودگی فلزات و ارتباط آن با عامل وضعیت (CF) و عامل تغلیظ زیستی BCF)) مطالعه گردد. روش بررسی: پس از زیست سنجی نمونه های ماهی، هضم نمونه ها با ترکیب یک به چهار اسیدنیتریک به اسیدپرکلریک انجام و غلظت عناصر با دستگاه جذب اتمی اندازه گیری گردید. یافته ها: میانگین غلظت فلزات در رسوبات و بافت عضله به ترتیب روند کاهشی کادمیوم<سرب<مس<روی و سرب<کادمیوم<مس<روی را نشان می دهد. تحلیل آماری نتایج بیان گر بیش ترین هم بستگی بین تجمع فلزات و CF در گونه تویینی و بیش ترین بارگیری آلودگی آن با محاسبه شاخص MPI می باشد. BCF حاصل نیز نشان دهنده روند کاهشی جذب فلزات کادمیوم، روی، مس و سرب از محیط است. از سویی مقادیر CF، از حدود مناسب معرفی شده برای ماهیان آب های آزاد کم تر به دست آمد. هم چنین مقایسه غلظت فلز روی در رسوبات از استاندارد جهانی CaISQG و سطح قابل تحمل IAEA-407 بالاتر و در بافت عضله، غلظت روی و کادمیوم به ترتیب از استانداردهای UK(MAFF) و NHMRC بالاتر می باشد که نشان دهنده سطوح خطرناک آن ها برای سلامتی انسان است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد شرایط منطقه مورد مطالعه از رودخانه دز در مقایسه با آب های آزاد برای ماهیان نامساعد بوده و بالا بودن غلظت کادمیوم در نمونه های مورد مطالعه را می توان ناشی از پساب زمین های کشاورزی مشرف به رودخانه دانست.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objectives: The necessity of measuring elements in aquatic life comes from two aspects of ecological management and human nutritional health. In the present study, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in sediments and muscle tissue of four native fish species of Dez River were studied to study metal contamination and its relationship with status factor (CF) and bioconcentration factor BCF). Materials and Methods: After bioassay of fish samples, digestion of the samples was performed by combining one to four nitric acids with perchloric acid and the concentration of the elements was measured by an absorbent apparatus.On the other hand, CF values ​​were lower than the thresholds introduced for salmonids. Also comparisons of Zn concentrations in sediments are higher than the world standard CaISQG and tolerable IAEA-407 levels and in muscle tissue, Zn and Cd concentrations are higher than UK standards (MAFF) and NHMRC, respectively, indicating dangerous levels. They are for human health. Fidings: The mean concentrations of metals in sediments and muscle tissue showed a decreasing trend for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Pb, Cd, Cu, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results showed the highest correlation between the accumulation of metals and CF in the twin species and the highest loading of its contamination by calculating the MPI index. The resulting BCF also shows a decreasing trend in the uptake of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead from the environment. Discussion & Conclusion: It seemsthat the conditions of the study area from Dez River are unfavorable for fish compared to free waters and high cadmium concentration in studied samples can be due to effluent. The farmland overlooks the river.

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