چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: توجه به شفابخشی از طریق پیاده‌راه‌های تفریحی می‌تواند باعث بهبودِ سلامتِ روح و جسم و افزایش میزان بهداشت روان شهرنشینان شود. یکی از مهم‌ترین ابعاد منظر پیاده‌راه‌های تفریحی، عناصر طراحی به کار گرفته شده در آن‌هاست که به دو گونه محسوس و ذهنی دسته بندی می شوند. پژوهش‌های بسیاری مولفه‌های طراحی موثر بر سلامت و آسایش شهروندان را بررسی نموده اند؛ اما تا کنون نگاه جامعی که ارتباط بین عناصر منظر پیاده‌راه‌های تفریحی ومولفه‌های شفابخشی را همراه بادر نظر گرفتن نقش حواس پنج‌گانه انسان مورد مطالعه قرار داده باشد؛ انجام نشده است.این مقاله در پی شناخت ابعاد موثر پیاده‌راه‌های تفریحی بر شفابخشی کاربران به کمک حواس پنج‌گانه است.
روش بررسی: رویکرد پژوهش از نوع کیفی است.به‌طور کلی، داده های مورد استفاده در تحقیق حاضر در دو بخشِ داده های مستخرج از "مطالعات پیشین" و داده های مستخرج از "پرسش‌نامه کاربران متخصص" به دست آمده‌اند. ابتدا با روش کتابخآن‌های و استدلال منطقی به تبیین و اولویت‌بندی ابعاد موثر و مولفه‌ها پرداخته شد. سپس از طریق فرایند تحلیل شبکه ای فازی به تحلیل نظر متخصصان پرداخته شده است و در انتها به منظور اولویت‌بندی نهایی عناصر پیاده‌راه، نتایج حاصل از هر دو مرحله ی قبل به کمک نرمال کردن، یکپارچه شده است.
یافته‌ها: در میان تمامی حواس، حس بینایی بیش‌ترین نقش را دارا می باشد. همچنین"عناصر طبیعی" در ایجاد شفابخشی از سایر عناصر پیاده‌راه موثرتر می باشد؛ همچنین بیش‌ترین میزان شفابخشی در زمینه ی "شفای احساسی/روانی" روی خواهد داد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: مشاهده مناظر طبیعی (محرک وجه دیداری و بصری) و در معرض عناصر طبیعی قرار گرفتن (محرک حس لامسه بویایی و شنیداری) می‌تواند عوامل تنش زای روان شناختی را کاهش و رفاه بیولوژیکی را افزایش دهد، همچنین سبب بهبود اضطراب های درونی می‌شوند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objectives: Consideration of Healing through recreational footpaths can improve mental and physical health and increase the mental health of city dwellers. One of the most important dimensions of recreational footpaths is design elements used in them which are categorized into two tangible and subjective species. Many researchers have investigated the effective design components on the health and welfare of citizens; but a comprehensive look at the relationship between landscape elements of recreation footpaths and healing components with regard to the role of the human senses has not been carried out yet. This article seeks to identify effective dimensions of recreation footpaths and their impact on healing the users with the help of the five senses.
Method: The research approach is qualitative. In a general view, all the used data in this research obtained from two ways; review of previous researches and experts’ vote. At first, efficient dimensions and components were clarified and prioritized using library methods and logical reasoning; then experts’ recommendations had been analyzed and discussed through fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP). At the end, the results of both previous stages were integrated using normalization in order to finalize the priorities of footpath elements.
Findings: The findings emphasized that “Sight” has the most impact on perception and healing components, among other senses. Also, natural elements have the most impact on the healing through footpath elements. And the highest proportion of healing will occur in ‘emotional / psychological healing’.
Discussion and Conclusion: Seeing "natural landscapes" (through sight and visual aspects) and being in touch with nature (through olfactory, tactile and audible senses), can decrease the psychological stresses and Increase biological well-being as well as heal internal anxiety.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Naderi, J.R. and B. Raman, 2005, Capturing impressions of pedestrian landscapes used for healing purposes with decision tree learning. Landscape and Urban Planning,. 73(2): p. 155-166.
Wichrowski, M., et al.,2005,Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 25(5): p. 270-274.
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Nili, Rana., Reihaneh Nili, Hossein Soltanzadeh; 2013, Studying theApplication of Healing Landscapes in Persian Gardens,The scientific Journal of Baghe Nazar. Vol9/No 23/Winter2013,(in Persian)
Pakzad, Jahanshah. 2009; An intellectual history of urbanism, 1st edition,Tehran, New Towns Development Co.,(In Persian)
Hartig, T., et al.,1996,Environmental influences on psychological restoration. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 37(4): p. 378-393.
Aminzadeh, Behnaz. 2007; Urban Scapes: Healing and Landscape Therapy by the Nature, Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Green Space and Urban Scape, Tehran,2007,(In Persian)
Pakzad, Jahanshah. 2003; Scape Elements and Qualities of an Urban Space, Cultural Journal of Architecture and Urban Plan, Abadi,(38), p.115-125, (in Persian)
Lumi,Shima. 2009; Healing Garden, Thesis for Master Degree, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Moore, B.,1989,Growing with gardening: A twelve-month guide for therapy, recreation, and education. UNC Press Books.
Relf, D.,1992,Human Issues in Horticulture. HortTechnology. April/June,. 2(2).
Marcus, C.C. and M. Barnes,1999,Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations. John Wiley & Sons.
Pirnia, Mohammad K. 2008; Shiraz Gardens, Honar Art Quarterly(11), p.13-25(In Persian)
Völker, S. and T. Kistemann,2013.“I'm always entirely happy when I'm here!” Urban blue enhancing human health and well-being in Cologne and Düsseldorf, Germany. Social Science & Medicine, 78: p. 113-124.
Zarei M. Hasan, Gholamreza Jandaghi, Zolfa Haghgoyan, 2009; Identification of components of vitality in the workplace and evaluation of these components in authorized organizations of Qom province, Journal od Governmental Management(Science of Management), Spring and Summer 2009, vol 1, No 2.p.35-48, (In Persian)
Ulrich, R.S.,1986,Human responses to vegetation and landscapes. Landscape and urban planning, 13: p. 29-44.
Ulrich, R.S., 1999.Effects of gardens on health outcomes: Theory and research. Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations, 27: p. 86.
Van den Berg, A.E., et al.,2010.Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health. Social science & medicine, 70(8): p. 1203-1210.
Völker, S. and T. Kistemann,2011.The impact of blue space on human health and well-being–Salutogenetic health effects of inland surface waters: A review. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 214(6): p. 449-460.
Sõukand, R. and R. Kalle,2010.HERBAL LANDSCAPE: THE PERCEPTION OF LANDSCAPE AS A SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. TRAMES: A Journal of the Humanities & Social Sciences, 14(3).
Say Jer, O. and Ibrahim, F. ,2014, "Enhancement of Space Environment Via Healing Garden," American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences, pp. 281-298.
Rawlings, R.,1998,Healing gardens, Willow Creek Press.
Shackell, A. and R. Walter,2012:Greenspace Design for Health and Well-being: Practice Guide. Forestry Commission.
Delfan,Khalil, Parisa Dorri, Mehrnaz Hatami, 2011; "Design and create a healing garden with native medicinal plants in Iran", Proceeding of Iran National Botanical Garden 1st Conference , Iran, 2011,(In Persian)
Norman, V., K. Rossillo, and K. Skelton,2016.Creating healing environments through the Theory of Caring. AORN journal, 104(5): p. 401-409.
27.Abbas, M.Y. and R. Ghazali,2010.Healing environment of pediatric wards. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5: p. 948-957.
28.Ali Nikbakht,2005; "Medicine in Landscape Architecture: Healing Gardens", Bagh-e Nazar Journal , vol:1, no 2,p.79-82, Winter 2005.(In Persian)
29.Azadeh Shahcheraghi, 2010; Paradigms of paradise, Tehran, Jahad Daneshgahi (In Persian)
30..Abkar, A. 2013; "Reinterpreting the architecture of therapeutic spaces based on sensory perceptions from Sohrevardi point of view", Proceeding of 2nd National conference on Islamic Architecture and Urban planing, Tabriz, Islamic Art University of Tabriz (In Persian)
31.Maleki,Marzieh., M. Ghaderi, T.Ashktorab, H.Jabari T., A. Zadeh M. , 2012; "The effect of mild music on physiological parameters of ICU patients in intensive care unit", Journal of the Horizon of Medical Science ,Vol:18. no 1, p.66-74(In Persian)
32. Moeini, S.M.Mehdi, 2007; " Increasing Pedestrian Capability,a Step Towards a More Humane City" , Journal of Architecture and Urban Plan, Fine Art, Winter2007,No 27, p.5-16(In Persian)
33.Salehnia, Nayereh, 2010;" Citizens' Satisfaction Index by Using Expectations and Perceptions Gap and Measuring It (Given the importance of color in the urban landscape)" Proceeding of National Conference on Urban Landscap, Tehran,2010(In Persian)
34.Mohammad,Gh. Shoaei, M. Noghsan mohammadi, V. Tajdar, 2013;" Identifying the Manner and Amount of the Impact of Elements of Urban Sidewalks on Dimensions and Components of Pedestrians Health “Journal of Urban Studies, Vol2, No 7, p.15-30(In Persian)
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Bell, Simon,2004, Elements of visual design in the landscape, 2nd editionTranslated byMohammad Ahmadinejad ,Tehran, Khak Publication,,(in Persian)
Naderi, J.R. and B. Raman, 2005, Capturing impressions of pedestrian landscapes used for healing purposes with decision tree learning. Landscape and Urban Planning,. 73(2): p. 155-166.
Wichrowski, M., et al.,2005,Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 25(5): p. 270-274.
Shahrad, A.,2013,What are the design principles of healing gardens.
Nili, Rana., Reihaneh Nili, Hossein Soltanzadeh; 2013, Studying theApplication of Healing Landscapes in Persian Gardens,The scientific Journal of Baghe Nazar. Vol9/No 23/Winter2013,(in Persian)
Pakzad, Jahanshah. 2009; An intellectual history of urbanism, 1st edition,Tehran, New Towns Development Co.,(In Persian)
Hartig, T., et al.,1996,Environmental influences on psychological restoration. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 37(4): p. 378-393.
Aminzadeh, Behnaz. 2007; Urban Scapes: Healing and Landscape Therapy by the Nature, Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Green Space and Urban Scape, Tehran,2007,(In Persian)
Pakzad, Jahanshah. 2003; Scape Elements and Qualities of an Urban Space, Cultural Journal of Architecture and Urban Plan, Abadi,(38), p.115-125, (in Persian)
Lumi,Shima. 2009; Healing Garden, Thesis for Master Degree, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Moore, B.,1989,Growing with gardening: A twelve-month guide for therapy, recreation, and education. UNC Press Books.
Relf, D.,1992,Human Issues in Horticulture. HortTechnology. April/June,. 2(2).
Marcus, C.C. and M. Barnes,1999,Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations. John Wiley & Sons.
Pirnia, Mohammad K. 2008; Shiraz Gardens, Honar Art Quarterly(11), p.13-25(In Persian)
Völker, S. and T. Kistemann,2013.“I'm always entirely happy when I'm here!” Urban blue enhancing human health and well-being in Cologne and Düsseldorf, Germany. Social Science & Medicine, 78: p. 113-124.
Zarei M. Hasan, Gholamreza Jandaghi, Zolfa Haghgoyan, 2009; Identification of components of vitality in the workplace and evaluation of these components in authorized organizations of Qom province, Journal od Governmental Management(Science of Management), Spring and Summer 2009, vol 1, No 2.p.35-48, (In Persian)
Ulrich, R.S.,1986,Human responses to vegetation and landscapes. Landscape and urban planning, 13: p. 29-44.
Ulrich, R.S., 1999.Effects of gardens on health outcomes: Theory and research. Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations, 27: p. 86.
Van den Berg, A.E., et al.,2010.Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health. Social science & medicine, 70(8): p. 1203-1210.
Völker, S. and T. Kistemann,2011.The impact of blue space on human health and well-being–Salutogenetic health effects of inland surface waters: A review. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 214(6): p. 449-460.
Sõukand, R. and R. Kalle,2010.HERBAL LANDSCAPE: THE PERCEPTION OF LANDSCAPE AS A SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. TRAMES: A Journal of the Humanities & Social Sciences, 14(3).
Say Jer, O. and Ibrahim, F. ,2014, "Enhancement of Space Environment Via Healing Garden," American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences, pp. 281-298.
Rawlings, R.,1998,Healing gardens, Willow Creek Press.
Shackell, A. and R. Walter,2012:Greenspace Design for Health and Well-being: Practice Guide. Forestry Commission.
Delfan,Khalil, Parisa Dorri, Mehrnaz Hatami, 2011; "Design and create a healing garden with native medicinal plants in Iran", Proceeding of Iran National Botanical Garden 1st Conference , Iran, 2011,(In Persian)
Norman, V., K. Rossillo, and K. Skelton,2016.Creating healing environments through the Theory of Caring. AORN journal, 104(5): p. 401-409.
27.Abbas, M.Y. and R. Ghazali,2010.Healing environment of pediatric wards. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5: p. 948-957.
28.Ali Nikbakht,2005; "Medicine in Landscape Architecture: Healing Gardens", Bagh-e Nazar Journal , vol:1, no 2,p.79-82, Winter 2005.(In Persian)
29.Azadeh Shahcheraghi, 2010; Paradigms of paradise, Tehran, Jahad Daneshgahi (In Persian)
30..Abkar, A. 2013; "Reinterpreting the architecture of therapeutic spaces based on sensory perceptions from Sohrevardi point of view", Proceeding of 2nd National conference on Islamic Architecture and Urban planing, Tabriz, Islamic Art University of Tabriz (In Persian)
31.Maleki,Marzieh., M. Ghaderi, T.Ashktorab, H.Jabari T., A. Zadeh M. , 2012; "The effect of mild music on physiological parameters of ICU patients in intensive care unit", Journal of the Horizon of Medical Science ,Vol:18. no 1, p.66-74(In Persian)
32. Moeini, S.M.Mehdi, 2007; " Increasing Pedestrian Capability,a Step Towards a More Humane City" , Journal of Architecture and Urban Plan, Fine Art, Winter2007,No 27, p.5-16(In Persian)
33.Salehnia, Nayereh, 2010;" Citizens' Satisfaction Index by Using Expectations and Perceptions Gap and Measuring It (Given the importance of color in the urban landscape)" Proceeding of National Conference on Urban Landscap, Tehran,2010(In Persian)
34.Mohammad,Gh. Shoaei, M. Noghsan mohammadi, V. Tajdar, 2013;" Identifying the Manner and Amount of the Impact of Elements of Urban Sidewalks on Dimensions and Components of Pedestrians Health “Journal of Urban Studies, Vol2, No 7, p.15-30(In Persian)
