ارزیابی میزان، فاکتور انتشار و غلظت محیطی آلاینده‌های SO2 ، NO2 و CO در پالایشگاه گاز ایلام
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
روئینه رحیمی
1
,
نبی الله منصوری
2
,
علی اصغر آل شیخ
3
,
سید علیرضا حاجی سید میرزاحسینی
4
1 - دانشجوی گروه تخصصی مدیریت محیط زیست، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
2 - اﺳﺘﺎد داﻧﺸﻜﺪه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪﻋﻠﻮم وﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، تهران، ایران. *( مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استاد دانشگاه مهندسی نقشه برداری، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران.
4 - استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/09/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/11/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/01
کلید واژه:
غلظت,
فاکتور انتشار,
پالایشگاه گاز,
دودکشSO2,
NO2,
CO,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تعیین میزان انتشار آلاینده‌ها برحسب زمان مهم‌ترین داده در مدل‌سازی آلودگی هوا به‌حساب می‌آید. EPA در اسناد AP 42 جامع ترین نظام فاکتور انتشار آلاینده ها را برای همه صنایع بر اساس نوع فرآیند، سوخت و انواع کنترل تدوین نموده است. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی میزان، فاکتور انتشار و غلظت محیطی آلاینده‌های SO2 ، NO2 و CO در پالایشگاه گاز ایلام انجام شده است.روش بررسی: غلظت SO2 و NO2 و CO و پارامترهای دما، فشار، سرعت گاز خروجی و قطر 6 دودکش پالایشگاه با اندازه‌گیری مستقیم میدانی با دستگاه Testo 350 XL اندازه‌گیری شد. از این نتایج و اندازه‌گیری‌های قبلی در پالایشگاه، میانگین میان‌مدت برای دو سناریوی نرمال و بدترین وضعیت تهیه و سپس مقادیر انتشار محاسبه و تحلیل گردید.یافته ها: اندازه‌گیری میدانی غلظت آلاینده دودکش‌ها نشان داد بالاترین غلظت مونوکسید کربن ppm 3565 و دی‌اکسید گوگرد ppm 5099 مربوط به واحد SRU1، بالاترین میزان دی‌اکسید ازتppm 188 تولیدی مربوط به SRU2 بودند، آلوده‌ترین سال در گازهای اندازه‌گیری شده سال 1396 بود. نتایج اندازه‌گیری‌های محیطی نشان داد، مقدار CO در ایستگاه آبریز، ppm 12/4 بیشترین و در جاده مهران با مقدار غیر قابل سنجش، کمترین میزان، مقدار NO2 در چگاه با ppm 6/0 و جاده مهران با مقدار غیر قابل سنجش، کمترین میزان، مقدار SO2 در نقطه آزمایشگاه با ppm 13/0 بیشترین میزان و در کمپ مسکن غیر قابل سنجش بود.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: میزان انتشار محیطی و غلظت آلاینده‌ها در واحدهای تولیدی بیشتر قابل توجه بود. بنابراین اقدامات لازم در جهت کاهش انتشار آلاینده ها در واحد تولیدی می بایست انجام پذیرید. همچنین بازیابی و کاهش خوراک فلر می تواند در میزان انتشار آلاینده ها تاثیر به سزایی داشته باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Determination of pollutant emission factors by time is the most important initial data in air pollution modeling. EPA's AP 42 documents provide the most comprehensive emission factor system for all industries based on process type, fuel, and control types. Target of this study, wasto investigate concentrations, emission factors of SO2, NO2 and CO in Ilam gas refinery.Method: In this study, concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO and other required parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate and diameter of the 6 main stacks were measured by direct field measurements by Testo 350 XL. By results of these measurements and measurements of previous years in the refinery, the mean average for the two normal scenarios and the worst condition, and then the emission values were calculated. Data analysis was carried out with a confidence level of 95%.Findings: The estimated secondry, hourly, daily, monthly, and annual emissions from Ilam gas refinery was calculated and analyzed based on 2 normal and worst-case scenarios. Field measurement of flue concentrations showed that the highest concentrations of carbon monoxide (3565 ppm) and sulfur dioxide (5099 ppm) relates to SRU1 unit, the highest produced nitrogen dioxide (188 ppm) produced by SRU2, 1396 were the most polluted year according to the measured gases. The results of environmental measurements showed that CO at the sewage station is, 4/12 ppm and in Mehran road with an undetectable amount, the lowest amount of NO2 in the Chegae with 0.6 and Mehran road with the undetectable, the lowest amount, the amount of SO2 at the laboratory point with a maximum of 0.13 ppm and in the housing camp with an undetectable amount, the lowest It was.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering that the amount of environmental pollution and concentration of pollutants in the production units are more significant. So, planning for corrective actions to reduce emission of pollutants in production units, seems to be necessary. As well as the recovery and reduction of feed of flaring, can have a significant impact on the emission of pollutants.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aiswarya Ragothaman, and William A. Anderson (2017), Air Quality Impacts of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Industries, Environments 2017, 4(3), 66;
Psiloglou, Β. E, Larissi, I. K, Petrakis, Μ, Paliatsos, A. G, Antoniou, Α,. Viras, L. G. (2013). Case studies on summertime measurements of O3, NO2, and SO2 with a DOAS system in an urban semi-industrial region in Athens, Greece. Journal of Environ Monit Assess. Vol 185. Page 7763–7774
Mannucci, P. M. Harari, S. Martinelli, I. & Franchini, M. (2015). Effects on health of air pollution: a narrative review. Internal and emergency medicine, 10(6), 657-662.
WHO.2003. Health aspects of air pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen dioxide, Report of a WHO working group Bonn, 13-15 January.
Bergstra, A. D. Brunekreef, B. & Burdorf, A. (2018). The effect of industry-related air pollution on lung function and respiratory symptoms in school children. Environmental Health, 17(1), 30.
Borup, M. B. (2018). Pollution Control for the Petrochemicals Industry: 0. CRC Press.
Ghelishkhani.M, Jafarzadeh haghighi fard. N, evaluation of pollutant gases in one of the oil and gas operational unit of NPC by using EPA emission factors, second international symposium of environmental engineering. IRAN. 1388. (In Persian)
Tavakoli.S, et al, simulation of pollutant dispersion pattern from cracking furnace stack of VCM unit of Emam khomeiny petrochemical complex, Thesis of M.A, shahrood azad university,1392. (In Persian)
Osare.N, et al, Numerical Modeling of Airborne Gas Emissions from Refinery Burners, Thesis of M.A, Kerman azad university,1391. (In Persian)
Momeni. I, et al, SO2 emission modeling from Ramin Ahwaz power plant using AERMOD model, human and environment,2011, NO.9, PP.3-8. (In Persian)
Al-Rashidi, M. S. Yassin, M. F. Alhajeri, N. S. & Malek, M. J. (2018). Gaseous air pollution background estimation in urban, suburban, and rural environments. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(3), 59.
Rezaee.H, Basirololoomi.M, Estimation of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Using GRNN Neural Network Model.journal of Environmental science and Technology,1397. (In Persian)
Minabi, A. Atabi, F. Moatar, F. & Jafari, M. (2017). Prediction of NO2 concentrations in a gas refinery using air desperion modeling, Ecology and Environmental Researsh,15(4), 1239-1254.
Damen.F, et al, Modelling of distribution of air pollutants from Imam Khomeini petrochemical complex by using AERMODE and 3 SCREEN models, second national environment, natural resources, agriculture and clean energy conference,1396. (In Persian)
Jafarigol, F. Atabi, F. Moattar, F. & Nouri, J. (2016). Predicting ambient concentrations of NO 2 in a gas refinery located in South Pars Gas Complex. International journal of environmental science and technology, 13(3), 897-906.
Chavoshi, Mansouri.N and et al, Estimation of emission rate and diffusion factor (emission factor) of sulfur dioxide gas from the outputs of Tehran oil refinery, Journal of heath and environment,1390, No.2, vol.4. (In Persian)
Ali, J. A. & Khodakarami, L. A. (2016). Investigations of Flare Gas Emissions in Taq Oil Field on the Surrounding Land. Aro-The Scientific Journal of Koyo University, 2(2), 15-19.
AP 42 EPA. Section 5-3/ 13-5/ 8-13.2015, https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-factors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emissions-factors
Soufi Abadi, H.1390. study of process in ILAM Gas Refiney. (In Persian)
Emission estimation protocol for petroleum refineries, Version 3, April 2015
Kazerooni.Vahab, et al, Recovering gases to Flair in a gas refinery, journal of selected topic in energy,1393. (In Persian)
_||_
Aiswarya Ragothaman, and William A. Anderson (2017), Air Quality Impacts of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Industries, Environments 2017, 4(3), 66;
Psiloglou, Β. E, Larissi, I. K, Petrakis, Μ, Paliatsos, A. G, Antoniou, Α,. Viras, L. G. (2013). Case studies on summertime measurements of O3, NO2, and SO2 with a DOAS system in an urban semi-industrial region in Athens, Greece. Journal of Environ Monit Assess. Vol 185. Page 7763–7774
Mannucci, P. M. Harari, S. Martinelli, I. & Franchini, M. (2015). Effects on health of air pollution: a narrative review. Internal and emergency medicine, 10(6), 657-662.
WHO.2003. Health aspects of air pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen dioxide, Report of a WHO working group Bonn, 13-15 January.
Bergstra, A. D. Brunekreef, B. & Burdorf, A. (2018). The effect of industry-related air pollution on lung function and respiratory symptoms in school children. Environmental Health, 17(1), 30.
Borup, M. B. (2018). Pollution Control for the Petrochemicals Industry: 0. CRC Press.
Ghelishkhani.M, Jafarzadeh haghighi fard. N, evaluation of pollutant gases in one of the oil and gas operational unit of NPC by using EPA emission factors, second international symposium of environmental engineering. IRAN. 1388. (In Persian)
Tavakoli.S, et al, simulation of pollutant dispersion pattern from cracking furnace stack of VCM unit of Emam khomeiny petrochemical complex, Thesis of M.A, shahrood azad university,1392. (In Persian)
Osare.N, et al, Numerical Modeling of Airborne Gas Emissions from Refinery Burners, Thesis of M.A, Kerman azad university,1391. (In Persian)
Momeni. I, et al, SO2 emission modeling from Ramin Ahwaz power plant using AERMOD model, human and environment,2011, NO.9, PP.3-8. (In Persian)
Al-Rashidi, M. S. Yassin, M. F. Alhajeri, N. S. & Malek, M. J. (2018). Gaseous air pollution background estimation in urban, suburban, and rural environments. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(3), 59.
Rezaee.H, Basirololoomi.M, Estimation of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Using GRNN Neural Network Model.journal of Environmental science and Technology,1397. (In Persian)
Minabi, A. Atabi, F. Moatar, F. & Jafari, M. (2017). Prediction of NO2 concentrations in a gas refinery using air desperion modeling, Ecology and Environmental Researsh,15(4), 1239-1254.
Damen.F, et al, Modelling of distribution of air pollutants from Imam Khomeini petrochemical complex by using AERMODE and 3 SCREEN models, second national environment, natural resources, agriculture and clean energy conference,1396. (In Persian)
Jafarigol, F. Atabi, F. Moattar, F. & Nouri, J. (2016). Predicting ambient concentrations of NO 2 in a gas refinery located in South Pars Gas Complex. International journal of environmental science and technology, 13(3), 897-906.
Chavoshi, Mansouri.N and et al, Estimation of emission rate and diffusion factor (emission factor) of sulfur dioxide gas from the outputs of Tehran oil refinery, Journal of heath and environment,1390, No.2, vol.4. (In Persian)
Ali, J. A. & Khodakarami, L. A. (2016). Investigations of Flare Gas Emissions in Taq Oil Field on the Surrounding Land. Aro-The Scientific Journal of Koyo University, 2(2), 15-19.
AP 42 EPA. Section 5-3/ 13-5/ 8-13.2015, https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-factors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emissions-factors
Soufi Abadi, H.1390. study of process in ILAM Gas Refiney. (In Persian)
Emission estimation protocol for petroleum refineries, Version 3, April 2015
Kazerooni.Vahab, et al, Recovering gases to Flair in a gas refinery, journal of selected topic in energy,1393. (In Persian)
