بررسی مناسب‌ترین تیمارهای مدت زمان استفاده از اولتراسونیک، دما و نسبت آب به محتویات شکمبه دام در تولید بیوگاز (مطالعه موردی: کشتارگاه شهر خرم‌آباد)
محورهای موضوعی :
انرژی های تجدید پذیر
علی کوشکی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی سیستم های کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران)
مرتضی الماسی
2
(استاد گروه مهندسی سیستم های کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
محمد قهدریجانی
3
(استادیار گروه مهندسی سیستم های کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران)
حمیدرضا شاملویی
4
(استادیار گروه شیمی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/12/01
کلید واژه:
بیوگاز,
هضم بی‌هوازی,
ضایعات کشتارگاهی,
پیش‌فرآوری,
اولتراسونیک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تصفیه بی هوازی برخی از ضایعات جامد کشتارگاهی مانند محتویات شکمبه، به دلیل پتانسیل تولید انرژی و تاثیر مثبت آن در کاهش آلودگی های زیست محیطی، یکی از گزینه های مناسب فرآوری و دفع ضایعات به شمار می آید. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تعیین مناسب ترین تیمار دما، زمان و نسبت آب به محتویات شکمبه دام بر روی میزان تولید بیوگاز کل است.روش بررسی: این پژوهش سال 1399و در کشتارگاه صنعتی خرم آباد انجام شد. پس از ذبح دام محتویات شکمبه پنج گاو و پنج گوسفند به منظور همگن سازی و یکنواخت شدن با هم مخلوط شدند و در آزمایش های مجزا به بررسی تاثیر شدت دماهای مختلف (30، 40 و 50 درجه سانتی گراد)، زمان های مختلف امواج دهی دستگاه اولتراسونیک (10، 20 و 30 دقیقه) و نسبت های مختلف مخلوط محتویات شکمبه و آب(50میلی لیتر آب به 100 گرم محتویات شکمبه، 100 میلی لیتر آب به 100 گرم محتویات شکمبه و 200 میلی لیتر آب به 100 گرم محتویات شکمبه) برروند تولید بیوگاز پرداخته شد.یافته ها: به طور کلی بیشترین مقدار بیوگاز کل، مربوط به اثر مقابل سه گانه استفاده 30 دقیقه ای از پیش فرآوری اولتراسونیک (t3) × دمای C50° (te3) × نسبت ترکیب محتویات شکمبه(r3) با میزان تولیدml 333/350 که بهترین نتیجه محسوب می شود.بحث و نتیجه گیری: این نتایج نشان می دهد استفاده از پیش فرآوری اولتراسونیک در مدت زمان بیشتر، در دمای بالاتر و در غلظت کمتر تاثیر بیشتری در عملکرد فرآیند هضم بی هوازی و تولید بیوگاز کل از محتویات شکمبه دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was determining the appropriate temperature, time and ratio of water to livestock rumen content on the total biogas production.Material and Methodology: This study was conducted at the Khorramabad Industrial Slaughterhouse. After slaughtering livestock the contents of the rumen of five cows and five sheep were mixed together to homogenize and in separate experiments to examine the impact of severity different temperatures (30, 40 and 50° C), different times of Ultrasonic device waving (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and different ratios of mixing contents of rumen and water (50 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents, 100 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents and 200 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents) in process of biogas production was discussed.Findings: In general, the largest amount of total biogas, related to the triple opposite effect of using 30 minutes of ultrasonic pretreatment (t3) * C50 ° (te3) * Combination ratio of visceral contents (r3) with production amount of 350/333 ml which is considered the best results.Discussion and Conclusion: the finding indicated that the total biogas production from rumen content in the process of anaerobic digestion are more effected by the treatment under the conditions of a longer ultrasonic pretreatment, higher temperature and lower concentration.
منابع و مأخذ:
Popzan, A., Moradi, K. h., Doroghi, B., 2012. Design and implementation of native plants Biogas: Achievements applications in the use of biogas in rural areas of countrys. Fourth national conference on bio-energy, Tehran, 20-26. Tehran.
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Igliński, B., Buczkowski, R., Iglińska, A., Cichosz, M., Piechota, G., Kujawski, W., 2012. Agricultural biogas plants in Poland: Investment process, economical and environmental aspects, biogas potential, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 7, Pages 4890–4900.
Omrani, Gh., Safa, M., Gulpaigani. F., 2006. Evaluation of efficacy payrvby kind of mechanical agitator for biogas devices to Chinese model. Journal of Ecology. 32(20):20-26.
Onurbas A., A and Turker, U. 2012. Status and potential of biogas energy from animal wastes in Turkey, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 1557–1561.
Khanal, S. K., 2008, Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production, published by John Wiley & Sons.
Chandra, R., Takeuchi, H., Hasegawa, T. (2012), ‘Methane production from lignocellulosic agricultural crop wastes: A review in context to second generation of biofuel production’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 16(3), 1462–1476.
Le, N. T., Julcour-Lebigue, C., Delmas, H., 2015. An executive review of sludge pretreatment by Sonication. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Elsevier, 2015, 37, pp.139-153. 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.031. hal01878564.
Pham, A. T., 2011. Sewage sludge electro-dewatering. PhD Thesis. Mikkeli University Consortium, Mikkeli, Finland (Available at: http://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/72598/ isbn%209789522651693 pdf? sequence=2. Dateassessed29t.2013).
Rynkiewicz, M. 2011. Application of constant electric fielding Simultaneous intensification of dewatering of wastewater Sludge and filtrate purification. Environ. Prot. Eng. 37(3),93–100.
Carrère, H., Dumas, C., Battimelli, A., Batstone, D. J., Delgenès, J. P., Steyer, J. P., et al., 2010. Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: a review. J. Hazard.Mater.183 (1–3),1–15.
Salerno, M. B., Lee, H. S., Parameswaran, P., Rittmann, B. E., 2009. Using a pulsed electric field as a pretreatment for improved bio solids digestion and methanogens. Water Environ. Res. 81 (8),831–839.
Pilli, S., Bhunia, P., Yan, S., LeBlanc, R. J., Tyagi, R. D., Surampalli, R. Y., 2011. Ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge: a review. Ultrason. Sonochem.18 (1), 1–18.
Khanal, S. K., Grewell, D., Sung, S., Van Leeuwen, J., 2007. Ultrasound applications in waste water sludge pretreatment: a review. Crit.Rev.Environ.Sci.Technol.37 (4), 277–313.
Barber, W.P., 2005. The effects of ultrasound on sludge digestion. Water Environ. J.19(1),2–7.
Onyeche, T.I., Schläfer, O., Bormann, H., Schröder, C., Sievers, M., 2002. Ultrasonic cell disruption of stabilized sludge with subsequent anaerobic digestion. Ultrasonics40 (1–8), 31–35.
Tiehm, A., Nickel, K., Neis, U., 1997. The use of ultrasound to accelerate the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Water Sci. Technol. 36(11),121–128.
McLeod JD, Othman MZ, Beale DJ, Joshi D (2015) The use of laboratory scale reactors to predict sensitivity to changes in operating conditions for full-scale anaerobic digestion treating municipal sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology 189:384–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.049
Ahmadi-Pirlou M., Ebrahimi-Nik M., Khojastehpour, M., Ebrahimi, S., 2007. Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment on Improvement of Biodegradability of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes and Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digestion. ijhe. 9 (4) :481-492. (In Persian)
Abbaspour, M., 2007. Environmental Energy and Sustainable Development. First Edition. Scientific Publications Institute of Amir Kabir University of Technology. Tehran. Pp. 696-693. (In Persian)
Askariani, M., Tahmasebi, H.A and Khosrowyar, S., 2012. Investigation of hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas using biological processes, the third Iranian bioenergy conference (biomass and biogas). Iran, Tehran, Proceedings. (In Persian)
Iranshahi, Z., Rasapour, M., Adl, M and Pazuki, m. 2016. Evaluation of the effects of ultrasonic precursor application on urban waste hydrolysis rate in order to increase the yield of biogas produced, 3rd Conference of Iranian Scientific Energy Association, Iranian Scientific Association, Tehran. (In Persian)
Tiehm A, Nickel K, Zellhorn M, Neis U. 2001. Ultrasonic waste activated sludge degradation for improving anaerobic stabilization. Water Resources. 35(8): 2003-2009.
Zou, S., Wang, X., Chen,Y., Wan, H., Feng, Y., 2016. Enhancement of biogas production in anaerobic co-digestion by ultrasonic pretreatment. Energy Conversion and Management. 112, 15 March 2016, Pages 226-235
Marzban Shirkhakolai, Sh., Saeb, K and Ardestani, F. 2014. Providing appropriate instructions for biogas production (review study). Third Iranian Bioenergy Conference (Biomass and Biogas). (In Persian)
Najafpour, Q and Saseh, L. 1995. Installation of biogas units. Publications of Amir Kabir University of Technology (Tafresh Branch and Mazandaran University of Science and Technology). (In Persian)
Nazary Harris, Sh. 2014. Production of biogas from livestock waste in areas with cold climates. Master's thesis. University of Tabriz, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, 100 p. (In Persian)
Liao, X., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Chen, Q., 2016. Accelerated high-solids anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge using low-temperature thermal pretreatment. international Bio deterioration & Biodegradation 106 (2016) 141-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.10.023
Appels, L., Degreve, J., Van der Bruggen, B., Van Impe, J., Dewil, R., 2010. Influence of low temperature thermal pre-treatment on sludge solubilisation, heavy metal release and anaerobic digestion. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5743e5748.
Ferrer, I., Ponsab, S., Vazquezc, F., Fontb, X., 2008. Increasing biogas production by thermal (70°C) sludge pre-treatment prior to thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Biochem. Eng. J. 42, 186e192.
Adgad, O, N., Sponza, D. T., 2007. co-digestion of mixed industrial sludge with municipal solid wastes in anaerobic simulated landfilling bioreactors. J Hazard mater. 140:75-85.
Xie, s. G., wu. p. G., Lawlor. J. p, frost. x, Zhan. Methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of the separated solid fraction of pig manure with dried grass silage. Bioresource technology 2012; 104:289-297
Cesaro, A., Belgiorno, V., 2013. Sonolysis and ozonation as pretreatment for anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 20(3):931-36.
Rongping, L., C. Shulin and L. Xiujiu. 2010. Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste with dairy manure in a two-phase digestion system. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.160:643-654.
Meybodikalantari, S., Danesh, Sh., Ebrahimi, S.H and Heydarian, A. 2013. Evaluation of the effect of total solid and lime content on biogas production from cow rum content. 4th National Conference on Bioenergy of Iran (Biomass and Biogas), Kimia Energy Thinkers, Tehran. (In Persian)
Gong, L., Yang, X., Wang, Z., Zhou, J., You, X., 2019. Impact of hydrothermal pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestion of different solid–liquid ratio sludge’s and kinetic analysis. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA01662G
Cesaro, A., Velten, S., Belgiorno, V., Kuchta, K., 2014. Enhanced anaerobic digestion by ultrasonic pretreatment of organic residues for energy production, Journal of Cleaner Production, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.030(In press).
Grönroos, A., Kyllönen, H., Korpijärvi, K., Pirkonen, P., Paavola, T., Jokela, J., et al., 2005. Ultrasound assisted method to increasesoluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of sewage sludge for digestion. Ultrason. Sonochem. 12 (1–2), 115–120.
Kidak, R., Wilhelm, A.M., Delmas, H., 2009.Effect of process parameters on the energy requirement in ultrasonical treatment of waste sludge. Chem. Eng. Press. 48 (8), 1346–1352.
Li, H., Jin, Y.Y., Mahar, R. B., Wang, Z.Y., Nie, Y.F., 2009. Effects of ultrasonic disintegration on sludge microbial activity and dewater ability. J. Hazard. Mater. 161 (2–3), 1421–1426.
Wu, N. Y., Mattsson, M., Ding, M. W., Wu, M. T., Mei, J., Shen, Y. L., 2019. Effects of Different Pretreatments on Improving Biogas Production of Macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus in Baltic Sea. Energy Fuels 2019, 33, 3, 2278–2284. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b04224.
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Popzan, A., Moradi, K. h., Doroghi, B., 2012. Design and implementation of native plants Biogas: Achievements applications in the use of biogas in rural areas of countrys. Fourth national conference on bio-energy, Tehran, 20-26. Tehran.
Sabetghadam, M., 2005. Energy abd sustainable development in Iran. Sustainable Energy Watch.
Asl Hashemi, A., Religion, A., 2010. Application of Mathematical Formulas in Biogas Production. Application of Chemistry in the Environment, 2 (5): 39-50. (In Persian)
Igliński, B., Buczkowski, R., Iglińska, A., Cichosz, M., Piechota, G., Kujawski, W., 2012. Agricultural biogas plants in Poland: Investment process, economical and environmental aspects, biogas potential, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 7, Pages 4890–4900.
Omrani, Gh., Safa, M., Gulpaigani. F., 2006. Evaluation of efficacy payrvby kind of mechanical agitator for biogas devices to Chinese model. Journal of Ecology. 32(20):20-26.
Onurbas A., A and Turker, U. 2012. Status and potential of biogas energy from animal wastes in Turkey, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 1557–1561.
Khanal, S. K., 2008, Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production, published by John Wiley & Sons.
Chandra, R., Takeuchi, H., Hasegawa, T. (2012), ‘Methane production from lignocellulosic agricultural crop wastes: A review in context to second generation of biofuel production’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 16(3), 1462–1476.
Le, N. T., Julcour-Lebigue, C., Delmas, H., 2015. An executive review of sludge pretreatment by Sonication. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Elsevier, 2015, 37, pp.139-153. 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.031. hal01878564.
Pham, A. T., 2011. Sewage sludge electro-dewatering. PhD Thesis. Mikkeli University Consortium, Mikkeli, Finland (Available at: http://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/72598/ isbn%209789522651693 pdf? sequence=2. Dateassessed29t.2013).
Rynkiewicz, M. 2011. Application of constant electric fielding Simultaneous intensification of dewatering of wastewater Sludge and filtrate purification. Environ. Prot. Eng. 37(3),93–100.
Carrère, H., Dumas, C., Battimelli, A., Batstone, D. J., Delgenès, J. P., Steyer, J. P., et al., 2010. Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: a review. J. Hazard.Mater.183 (1–3),1–15.
Salerno, M. B., Lee, H. S., Parameswaran, P., Rittmann, B. E., 2009. Using a pulsed electric field as a pretreatment for improved bio solids digestion and methanogens. Water Environ. Res. 81 (8),831–839.
Pilli, S., Bhunia, P., Yan, S., LeBlanc, R. J., Tyagi, R. D., Surampalli, R. Y., 2011. Ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge: a review. Ultrason. Sonochem.18 (1), 1–18.
Khanal, S. K., Grewell, D., Sung, S., Van Leeuwen, J., 2007. Ultrasound applications in waste water sludge pretreatment: a review. Crit.Rev.Environ.Sci.Technol.37 (4), 277–313.
Barber, W.P., 2005. The effects of ultrasound on sludge digestion. Water Environ. J.19(1),2–7.
Onyeche, T.I., Schläfer, O., Bormann, H., Schröder, C., Sievers, M., 2002. Ultrasonic cell disruption of stabilized sludge with subsequent anaerobic digestion. Ultrasonics40 (1–8), 31–35.
Tiehm, A., Nickel, K., Neis, U., 1997. The use of ultrasound to accelerate the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Water Sci. Technol. 36(11),121–128.
McLeod JD, Othman MZ, Beale DJ, Joshi D (2015) The use of laboratory scale reactors to predict sensitivity to changes in operating conditions for full-scale anaerobic digestion treating municipal sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology 189:384–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.049
Ahmadi-Pirlou M., Ebrahimi-Nik M., Khojastehpour, M., Ebrahimi, S., 2007. Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment on Improvement of Biodegradability of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes and Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digestion. ijhe. 9 (4) :481-492. (In Persian)
Abbaspour, M., 2007. Environmental Energy and Sustainable Development. First Edition. Scientific Publications Institute of Amir Kabir University of Technology. Tehran. Pp. 696-693. (In Persian)
Askariani, M., Tahmasebi, H.A and Khosrowyar, S., 2012. Investigation of hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas using biological processes, the third Iranian bioenergy conference (biomass and biogas). Iran, Tehran, Proceedings. (In Persian)
Iranshahi, Z., Rasapour, M., Adl, M and Pazuki, m. 2016. Evaluation of the effects of ultrasonic precursor application on urban waste hydrolysis rate in order to increase the yield of biogas produced, 3rd Conference of Iranian Scientific Energy Association, Iranian Scientific Association, Tehran. (In Persian)
Tiehm A, Nickel K, Zellhorn M, Neis U. 2001. Ultrasonic waste activated sludge degradation for improving anaerobic stabilization. Water Resources. 35(8): 2003-2009.
Zou, S., Wang, X., Chen,Y., Wan, H., Feng, Y., 2016. Enhancement of biogas production in anaerobic co-digestion by ultrasonic pretreatment. Energy Conversion and Management. 112, 15 March 2016, Pages 226-235
Marzban Shirkhakolai, Sh., Saeb, K and Ardestani, F. 2014. Providing appropriate instructions for biogas production (review study). Third Iranian Bioenergy Conference (Biomass and Biogas). (In Persian)
Najafpour, Q and Saseh, L. 1995. Installation of biogas units. Publications of Amir Kabir University of Technology (Tafresh Branch and Mazandaran University of Science and Technology). (In Persian)
Nazary Harris, Sh. 2014. Production of biogas from livestock waste in areas with cold climates. Master's thesis. University of Tabriz, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, 100 p. (In Persian)
Liao, X., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Chen, Q., 2016. Accelerated high-solids anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge using low-temperature thermal pretreatment. international Bio deterioration & Biodegradation 106 (2016) 141-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.10.023
Appels, L., Degreve, J., Van der Bruggen, B., Van Impe, J., Dewil, R., 2010. Influence of low temperature thermal pre-treatment on sludge solubilisation, heavy metal release and anaerobic digestion. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5743e5748.
Ferrer, I., Ponsab, S., Vazquezc, F., Fontb, X., 2008. Increasing biogas production by thermal (70°C) sludge pre-treatment prior to thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Biochem. Eng. J. 42, 186e192.
Adgad, O, N., Sponza, D. T., 2007. co-digestion of mixed industrial sludge with municipal solid wastes in anaerobic simulated landfilling bioreactors. J Hazard mater. 140:75-85.
Xie, s. G., wu. p. G., Lawlor. J. p, frost. x, Zhan. Methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of the separated solid fraction of pig manure with dried grass silage. Bioresource technology 2012; 104:289-297
Cesaro, A., Belgiorno, V., 2013. Sonolysis and ozonation as pretreatment for anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 20(3):931-36.
Rongping, L., C. Shulin and L. Xiujiu. 2010. Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste with dairy manure in a two-phase digestion system. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.160:643-654.
Meybodikalantari, S., Danesh, Sh., Ebrahimi, S.H and Heydarian, A. 2013. Evaluation of the effect of total solid and lime content on biogas production from cow rum content. 4th National Conference on Bioenergy of Iran (Biomass and Biogas), Kimia Energy Thinkers, Tehran. (In Persian)
Gong, L., Yang, X., Wang, Z., Zhou, J., You, X., 2019. Impact of hydrothermal pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestion of different solid–liquid ratio sludge’s and kinetic analysis. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA01662G
Cesaro, A., Velten, S., Belgiorno, V., Kuchta, K., 2014. Enhanced anaerobic digestion by ultrasonic pretreatment of organic residues for energy production, Journal of Cleaner Production, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.030(In press).
Grönroos, A., Kyllönen, H., Korpijärvi, K., Pirkonen, P., Paavola, T., Jokela, J., et al., 2005. Ultrasound assisted method to increasesoluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of sewage sludge for digestion. Ultrason. Sonochem. 12 (1–2), 115–120.
Kidak, R., Wilhelm, A.M., Delmas, H., 2009.Effect of process parameters on the energy requirement in ultrasonical treatment of waste sludge. Chem. Eng. Press. 48 (8), 1346–1352.
Li, H., Jin, Y.Y., Mahar, R. B., Wang, Z.Y., Nie, Y.F., 2009. Effects of ultrasonic disintegration on sludge microbial activity and dewater ability. J. Hazard. Mater. 161 (2–3), 1421–1426.
Wu, N. Y., Mattsson, M., Ding, M. W., Wu, M. T., Mei, J., Shen, Y. L., 2019. Effects of Different Pretreatments on Improving Biogas Production of Macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus in Baltic Sea. Energy Fuels 2019, 33, 3, 2278–2284. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b04224.
