آثار تحریم های اقتصادی بر آلودگی هوا در ایران از منظر حقوق بین الملل
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق محیط زیستعلی صابرپور 1 , مسعود اخوان فرد 2 * , غلامحسین مسعود 3
1 - گروه حقوق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.
2 - گروه حقوق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران، استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - گروه حقوق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.
کلید واژه: تحریم, محیط زیست, آلودگی هوا, حقوق بین الملل.,
چکیده مقاله :
تحريم اقتصادي را مي توان تدابير قهرآميز اقتصادي عليه يك يا چند كشور به منظور ايجاد تغيير در سياست هاي كشور مورد هدف تحريم و يا دست كم بازگو كننده نظريات كشور تحريم كننده در مقابل تحريم شونده تعريف نمود. يكي از مهمترين مسائلی كه بايد در اعمال تحريم ها لحاظ گردد، محیط زیست مي باشد. به باور عده ای تحریم های اعمال شده علیه ایران در سال های اخیر، تنها شامل حوزه های اقتصادی و سیاسی كشور بوده است؛ اما با اطلاع از گستره تحریم ها، می توان به پیامد های گسترده تحریم و آثار آن بر محیط زیست و بخصوص آلودگی هوا پی برد. هدف از مقاله حاضر بررسی آثار تحریم های اقتصادی بر آلودگی هوا از منظر حقوق بین الملل می باشد که در آن مساله ایران مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد.
این تحقیق از نوع نظری بوده، روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی تحلیلی می باشد، روش جمع آوری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه ای و با مراجعه به اسناد، کتب و مقالات در یک بازه زمانی 6 ماهه صورت گرفته است.
تحریم های اقتصادی به علت کاهش منابع درآمد ارزی دولت بر اثر محدودیت در فروش نفت و جذب سرمایه های خارجی، اعطای تسهیلات صندوق محیط زیست جهانی، انتقال فناوری های زیست محیطی و تولید بنزین در پالایشگاه های داخلی در پی محدودیت در واردات بنزین به کشور و محرومیت از تحصیل دانشجویان ایرانی در خارج از کشور، موجبات آلودگی هوا را فراهم آورده است.
از آنجا که تحریم ها موجب تنبیه دسته جمعی و فشار بر کل یک جامعه می شوند و با توجه به آنکه پیامدهای تحریم ها برای محیط زیست و بالاخص آلودگی هوا و امور مرتبط با آن نظیر سلامت، با زندگی کل جامعه ایران در پیوند است، با اصول و تعهدات حقوقی پذیرفته شده بین المللی ناسازگار هستند.
Economic sanctions can be defined as coercive economic measures against one or more countries in order to change the policies of the country targeted by the sanctions or at least expressing the views of the sanctioned country against the sanctioned. One of the most important issues to consider in imposing sanctions is the environment. According to some, the sanctions imposed on Iran in recent years have included only the economic and political spheres of the country; However, by knowing the scope of the sanctions, one can understand the far-reaching consequences of the sanctions and their effects on the environment, especially air pollution. The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of economic sanctions on air pollution from the perspective of international law, in which the issue of Iran is examined.
This research is of theoretical type, the research method is descriptive-analytical, the method of data collection is library and by referring to documents, books and articles in a period of 6 months.
Economic sanctions due to reduction of government foreign exchange earnings due to restrictions on oil sales and foreign investment, granting of facilities of the World Environment Fund, transfer of environmental technologies and production of gasoline in domestic refineries due to restrictions on gasoline imports to the country and the deprivation of Iranian students studying abroad, has caused air pollution.
Since sanctions cause collective punishment and pressure on the whole society and considering the consequences of sanctions for the environment and especially air pollution and related issues such as health, with the life of the entire Iranian Society It is incompatible with internationally accepted legal principles and obligations.
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