اندازه گیری خواص بیودیزل تولیدی از روغن هسته خرما و ترکیب آن با سوخت تجاری گازوییل

محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیر

ریوف فروتن ¹ , حسین اسماعیلی ² , ملیحه کوثری فرد ³

1 - کارشناسی ارشد، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - کارشناس آزمایشگاه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/11/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/04/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/04/01

کلید واژه: فرآیند ترانس استری شدن, کاتالیست قلیایی, روغن خرما, بیودیزل,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: بیودیزل سوختی است که به طور گسترده برای استفاده به جای سوخت های فسیلی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است زیرا این سوخت تجدید پذیر است و از منابع طبیعی خانگی و پس ماندهای رستوران های محلی تولید می گردد. در سال های اخیر به دلیل افزایش جمعیت جهانی و افزایش تقاضا برای سوخت به منظور تامین انرژی مورد نیاز و از سوی دیگر به دلیل افزایش آلودگی های زیست محیطی و گرم شدن آب و هوای کره زمین و افزایش قیمت جهانی نفت و محدود بودن منابع سوخت های فسیلی باعث شده است که تولید بیودیزل در سراسر جهان به طور گسترده مورد توجه قرار گیرد. روش بررسی: در این بررسی با استفاده از روغن خرمای استخراج شده و متانول در حضور کاتالیست قلیایی پتاسیم متوکسید طی فرآیند ترانس استری شدن بیودیزل تولید گردید و با سوخت تجاری موجود در ایران ترکیب و سوخت های با ترکیب 10، 50 و 100 بیودیزل تولید گردید و خواص آن ها نظیر نقطه ریزش، نقطه ابری شدن، نقطه اشتعال، ویسکوزیته و دانسیته براساس استانداردهای 6751 ASTM D و 7467 ASTM D بررسی گردید. یافته‌ها: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده دانسیته، ویسکوزیته سینماتیک، نقطه ابری شدن، نقطه ریزش و نقطه اشتعال بیودیزل به ترتیب برابر با Kg/m3 879، mm2/s 7/4، oC 13، oC 15 و oC 176 بدست آمد که نشان داد دانسیته، ویسکوزیته و نقطه اشتعال در محدوده استاندارد قرار دارد ولی با توجه به نقطه ابری شدن و ریزش، سوخت بیودیزل را نمی توان در مناطق سردسیر استفاده کرد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، بهترین نسبت اضافه کردن بیودیزل تهیه شده از روغن خرما به گازوئیل به منظور کاهش استفاده از سوخت های فسیلی و کاهش آلودگی هوا 10% بیودیزل می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Use of biodiesel instead of fossil fuel has received extensive attention. This fuel is produced from residuals of local restaurants and natural resources. In recent years, biodiesel production has received extensive attention worldwide due to increase of global populations and demand for fuel to supply energy and, on the other hand, because of increase of environmental pollution and global warming, rise of world oil prices and limited resources of fossil fuels. Method: In this study, biodiesel is produced from extracted palm oil in the presence of alkaline catalyst like potassium methoxide by trans-esterification process. The produced biodiesel was mixed with the commercial fossil fuels existing in Iran to produce fuels with ratios of 10, 50 and 100 of biodiesel.The properties of the produced fuels such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, viscosity and density were studied according to the ASTM D 6751 and ASTM D7467 standards. Findings: According to the results,the values fordensity, viscosity, cinematic, cloud point, pour point and flash point for biodiesel were 176 C, 15 C, 13 C, 4.7 mm2/s and 879 kg/m2, respectively, showing that density, viscosity and flash point fall within the standard limits. However, the values obtained for cloud point and pour point revealed that the biodiesel fuel cannot be used in cold regions. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the best ratio of adding the biodiesel produced from palm oil to diesel for reducing the fossil fuel consumption and air pollution was 10% biodisel.

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