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کد مقاله : JEST-1611-3162 (R1) بازدید : 121 صفحه: 95 - 107

10.22034/jest.2019.22581.3162

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

بررسی و ارزیابی کیفیت هوا در حومه فرودگاه مهرآباد

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هوا

فرزانه ملکی زاد 1 (کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی محیط زیست- آلودگی هوا، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران)
علیرضا میرزاحسینی 2 (استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات).)
فرامرز معطر 3 (استاد گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/09/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/01/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/05/01

کلید واژه: آلاینده‌های گازی, ذرات, فرودگاه مهرآباد آلودگی هوا,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: آلودگی هوا به عنوان یکی از معضلات مهم کشورهای در حال توسعه و حتی توسعه یافته محسوب می شود به طوری که هزینه های ناشی از آن بخش مهمی از تولید ناخالص ملی کشورها را به خود اختصاص می دهد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی کیفیت هوای حومه فرودگاه مهرآباد صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی،آلاینده های CO,TSP,TVOC,NOX اطراف فرودگاه مهرآباد تهران (منطقه 9) اندازه گیری شدند. با توجه به جهت باد غالب(غرب به شرق) در شهر تهران یک ایستگاه در مناطق مسکونی، دو ایستگاه در مجاور فرودگاه، یک ایستگاه به عنوان نماینده فرودگاه و یک ایستگاه به عنوان نماینده منطقه پرترافیک جهت پایش یکساله انتخاب گردید. برای اندازه گیری آلاینده از دستگاه های LSI-Babuc/A، Dust Trak TSI و Phocheck + 5000 استفاده شد. اندازه گیری ها به صورت ماهیانه انجام و داده ها با SPSS 21 مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: غلظت همه آلاینده ها به جز دی اکسید نیتروژن در مجاورت فرودگاه بیش تر از سایر ایستگاه ها بود. نتایج آزمون کروسکال ـ والیس نشان داد که بین غلظت آلاینده ها در ضلع شمالی فرودگاه و سایر ایستگاه ها، اختلاف معناداری وجود دارد (05/ 0> P). این اختلاف برای غلظت NO2 در ایستگاه های مختلف معنادار نبود (05/ 0< P). میانگین غلظت ذراتPM10،PM2.5، مونوکسید کربن و آلاینده های آلی فرار در ضلع شمالی فرودگاه با تمامی ایستگاه های موجود دارای اختلاف معنی داری است (001/0> P) . بحث و نتیجه گیری: غلظت اغلب آلاینده در مجاورت فرودگاه بیش تر از مناطق مسکونی و پرترافیک بود و به نظر فرودگاه می تواند به عنوان یکی از منابع احتمالی آلودگی مورد توجه قرار داد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Air pollution is a great concern in developed and developing countries and its economic costs accounts for a large share of gross national product of countries. This study aimed to investigate and assess the air quality around Mehrabad airport. Method: In this cross-sectional study, important pollutants including CO, TSP, TVOC and NOX were measured. Considering the privaling wind direction in Tehran, one station in residential area, one station representative of the airport, two stations around the airport and one station in high traffic area were selected. LSI-Babuc/A، Dust Trak TSI and Phocheck + 500 were employed to measure the pollutants. Measurement was done in each month and the statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21. Findings: The mean concentration of all pollutants (except for nitrogen dioxide) was higher at the vicinity of the airport stations than in other stattions. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there are significance differences between pollutants concentration around the airport and in other stations.  No significant difference was found for NO2 among the stations. The mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, Co and TVOCs at the north of the airport were significantly different from those of other stations (p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Most of the pollutants around the airport had higher concentration compared to residential and high traffic stations, and thereby, the airport could be regarded as a pollutant source.   

منابع و مأخذ:


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_||_

  1. Tehrna Air quality control company, 2014. Annualy report of Tehran Air quality control in 2013. Tehran, Iran. (Persian).
    2.
  2. IARC,2013.Outdoor air pollution a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
    3.
  3. Moussiopoulos, N., Sahm, P., Karatzas, K., Papalexiou, S., Karagiannidis, A., 1997 Assessing the impact of the New Athens airport to urban air quality with contemporary air pollution models. Atmospheric Environment, Vol  31, pp. 497-511.
    4.
  4. Colvile, RN., Hutchinson, EJ., Mindell, JS., Warren, RF., 2001. The transport sector as a source of air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 35, pp.1537-65.
    5.
  5. Pope, CA., Ezzati, M., Dockery, DW., 2009. Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol 360, pp. 76-86.
    6.
  6. Schürmann, G., Schäfer, K., Jahn, C., Hoffmann, H., Bauerfeind, M., Fleuti E, et al., 2007 The impact of NOx, CO and VOC emissions on the air quality of Zurich airport. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 41, pp. 103-18.
    7.
  7. Unal, A., Hu, Y., Chang, ME., Odman, MT., Russell, AG., 2005. Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality: Application to the Atlanta International Airport. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 39, pp. 5787-98.
    8.
  8. Zhu, Y., Fanning, E., Yu, RC., Zhang, Q., Froines, JR., 2011. Aircraft emissions and local air quality impacts from takeoff activities at a large International Airport. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 45, pp. 6526-33.
    9.
  9. Carslaw, DC., Beevers, SD., Ropkins, K., Bell, MC., 2006. Detecting and quantifying aircraft and other on-airport contributions to ambient nitrogen oxides in the vicinity of a large international airport. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 40, pp. 5424-34.
    10.
  10. Ecocouncil, D., 2012. Air Pollution in Airports: Ultrafine particles, solutions and successful cooperation. Helsinki.
    11.
  11. Stafoggia, M., Cattani, G., Forastiere, F., Dibucchianico, ADM., Gaeta, A., Ancona, C., 2016. Particle number concentrations near the Rome-Ciampino city airport. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 147, pp. 264-273.
    12.
  12. González, R., Hosoda, EB., 2016. Environmental impact of aircraft emissions and aviation fuel tax in Japan. Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol 57, pp. 234-40.
    13.
  13. Mishra, AK., Srivastava, P., Patil, RS., 2013. Seasonal variation of PM10 around an upcoming airport. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol 2, pp. 5528-36.
    14.
  14. Masiol, M., Harrison, RM.,2015. Quantification of air quality impacts of London Heathrow Airport (UK) from 2005 to 2012. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 116, pp.308-19.
    15.
  15. Giri, D., Murthy, VK., Adhikary, P., 2007. The influence of meteorological conditions on PM10 concentrations in Kathmandu Valley. International Journal of Environmental Research, Vol 2, pp.  49-60.
    16.
  16. Ricardo Energy & Environment, 2016. Air Quality Monitoring Annual Report 2015: Birmingham Airport. Report number: ED20645035.
    17.
  17. Tenranifard, AM, Javid, AH., Saeidi, S., 204. Effect of urban parks on PM10 emision with GIS. JEST, Vol 16, pp. 1-12 (persian)
    18.
  18. Arun Kumar Mishra, Prabhat Srivastava, R. S. Patil . Seasonal variation of PM10 around an upcoming airport. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2013;2(10): 5528-33.
    19.
  19. Appelhans T, Sturman A, Zawar-Reza P. Modelling emission trends from non-constant time series of PM10 concentrations in Christchurch, New Zealand. International Journal of Environment and Pollution. 2010;43(4):354-63.
    20.
  20. Sajadian, N., 2015. Prediction of Air Pollution caused by Urban Transport in Tehran Metropolis using the Combination of GIS with LUR Model and Artificial Neural Network, Scientific-research journal of "Geographical Data (SEPEHR)", Vol 24, pp. 108-20. (Persian)
    21.
  21. Lashkari, H., Zafari ,A., 2009. Scoping of Air Pollution in Tehran(1999 -2007). JEST, Vol 49, pp. 60-66. (Persian)
    22.
  22. Castellanos P, Marufu LT, Doddridge BG, Taubman BF, Schwab JJ, Hains JC, et al. Ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide during pollution events over the eastern United States: An evaluation of emissions and vertical mixing. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2011;116(D16), 1-16.
    23.

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 
 

 

 

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