واکاوی نگرش دانش آموزان نسبت به مسائل زیست محیطی
محورهای موضوعی : ارزیابی پی آمدهای محیط زیستیلیلا فتحی 1 * , نیره حافظی شاهرودی 2 , منصور عمویی 3
1 - استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، ص.پ 193954697، تهران، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناس ارشد جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. .
3 - کارشناس ارشد جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. .
کلید واژه: نگرش زیست محیطی, گراندد تئوری, دانش ¬آموزان, شهرستان بافت,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در قرن حاضر نگاه و نگرش مسئولانه و دغدغهمند نسبت مسائل زیست محیطی واقعیت غیرقابل انکار در بسیاری از جوامع است. بدین سبب هدف این پژوهش واکاوی نگرش دانش آموزان نسبت به مسائل زیست محیطی است که در بین دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه دوم شهرستان بافت یافته است.
روش بررسی: این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و روش گراندد تئوری انجام یافته است. مشارکت کنندگان 20 نفر از دانش آموزان پسر شهرستان بافت بوده، به روش هدفمند انتخاب شده و پس از انجام مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته با آنان، داده های حاصل با استفاده از کدگذاری سه مرحله ای باز، محوری و گزینشی تحلیل شدند.
یافته ها: نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل داده ها و کدگذاری سه گانه، شامل 562 کدباز، 66 کدمحوری و 17 کدگزینشی بود که در قالب مدل پارادایمی ارائه گردید. بر این اساس 4 مقوله اصلی پیرامون شرایط علی نگرش دانش آموزان به مسائل زیست محیطی عبارتند از: آلودگی و تخریب منابع طبیعی(هوا، آب، خاک، جنگل و حیات وحش) - به هم خوردن توازن اکولوژیکی به سبب مخاطرات زندگی شهری- تعهد و تعامل سبز انسان با محیط زیست طبیعی و شهری- عدم عقلانیت اکولوژیکی در بین مسئولان و مردم. همچنین مقولاتی که زمینه ساز نگرش مثبت زیست محیطی در بین دانش آموزان میگردد، شامل: گسترش جهـان بينـي زیست محیطی با آگاهی بخشی، فرهنگ سازی، آموزش به واسطه رسانه های جمعی نوین - سرمایه گذاری منابع انسانی و سیاست گذاری کلان جهت حفاظت و نوسازي اکولوژیکی - وضع و اعمال قوانین حفاظت از محیط زیست - توسعه پایدار سازگار با محیط زیست و نوسازي اکولوژیکی. دانش آموزان همچنین حمایت های اجرایی، مالی و تشویقی دولت از تشکل ها و رفتار زیست محیطی را از جمله مقولات مداخله گری می دانستند که نقش تسریع کننده در تغییر نگرش مثبت زیست محیطی دارد. پیرامون راهبردهای دانش آموزان در جهت گسترش نگرش مثبت زیست محیطی می توان به مواردی از قبیل؛ گسترش تشکل ها و مطالبات زیست محیطی - مدیریت و جمع آوری پسماندها از محیط زیست طبیعی و شهری - حفاظت و نوسازی مناطق جنگلی و حیات وحش و مدیریت منابع انرژی و مصرف در زندگی روزمره اشاره داشت.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: در نگاهی کلی، نتایج حاکی از این مهم است که جامعه کنونی از سطح مطلوبی از نگرش مثبت زیست محیطی برخوردار نبوده و ادامه روند کنونی پیامدهایی چون؛ تغییرات اقلیمی، تخریب محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی و به مخاطره افتادن منابع تغذیه و زیست گاه انسان ها را به دنبال خواهد داشت.
Background and Objective: In this century, the responsible and concerned attitude towards environmental issues is an undeniable reality in many societies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the attitude of students towards environmental issues, which was conducted among secondary school students of Baft city.
Material and Methodology: This research was conducted using qualitative method and grounded theory technique. The participants were 20 male students of Baft city, they were selected in a purposeful way and after conducting semi-structured interviews with them, the resulting data were analyzed using three-stage open, central and selective coding.
Findings: The results obtained from data analysis and triple coding included 562 open codes, 66 axial codes, and 17 selective codes, which were presented in the form of a paradigm model. Based on this, the 4 main categories related to the causal conditions of students' attitudes towards environmental issues are: pollution and destruction of natural resources (air, water, soil, forest and wildlife) - disruption of the ecological balance due to the dangers of urban life - commitment and interaction Green man with natural and urban environment - lack of ecological rationality among officials and people. Also, the categories that form the basis for a positive environmental attitude among students include: spreading environmental worldview with awareness, culture building, education through modern mass media, investment in human resources and macro policy making for ecological protection and renewal. - Establishing and applying environmental protection laws - sustainable development compatible with the environment and ecological renovation. The students also considered the government's executive, financial and incentive support for organizations and environmental behavior as interventionist categories, which has an accelerating role in changing positive environmental attitudes. About the students' strategies in order to develop a positive environmental attitude, we can mention things such as; Expansion of organizations and environmental demands - management and collection of waste from the natural and urban environment - protection and renewal of forest areas and wildlife and management of energy resources and consumption in daily life.
Discussion and Conclusion: In a general view, the results indicate that the current society does not have a favorable level of positive environmental attitude and the continuation of the current trend has consequences such as; Climate change will lead to the destruction of the environment and natural resources and endangering the health, food sources and habitat of humans.
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