بهره گیری از طبیعت و اصول معماری ارگانیک با رویکرد به مفاهیم معماری سنتی ایران ( نمونه موردی : بازار و مراکز خرید )
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی
1 - کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران(مسئول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار، گروه هنر و معماری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهرن، ایران
کلید واژه: مرکز خرید, طبیعت, بازار, معماری ارگانیک, معماری سنتی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف:در معماری سنتی انسان همواره با طبیعت در ارتباط بوده و هم دلی و احترام به طبیعت ریشه های عمیق فرهنگی داشته است. بازارهای سنتی نیز به عنوان محور مهم ارتباطی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی شهر جایگاه مهمی در حیات اجتماعی شهرها داشته اند، که پس از گسترش شهرها، با فضاهای پراکنده تحت عنوان مراکز تجاری جایگزین گشته اند. روش بررسی:مقاله حاضر با هدف ارزیابی رضایت مندی کاربران مراکز تجاری و اهمیت بهره‌گیری از اصول معماری سنتی و معماری ارگانیک در معماری معاصر با اتخاذ شیوه توصیفی _ تحلیلی تدوین شده است. شاخص های پژوهش بر مبنای مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی به کمک پرسش نامه طراحی شده در طیف لیکرت مورد بررسی قرارگرفته اند. تعداد 272 پرسش نامه به روش تصادفی بین بازدیدکنندگان در بازار شهر ری، بازار سنتی تجریش، مراکز خرید ال ماس ایران و تیراژه، توزیع و جمع آوری شده است. جهت بررسی فرضیه ها از آزمون همبستگی T تک متغیره و آزمون F استفاده گردید. یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که بهره‌گیری از اصول معماری ارگانیک در تلفیق با تجربه معماری سنتی ایرانی مورد توجه و پذیرش مخاطبان امروز می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: صرف شباهت ظاهری محیط و کالبد به یک عنصر یا معنا، نمی تواند تامین کننده اصول مورد نظر در نزد کاربران محیط باشد و توجه به تصاویر ذهنی و جنبه های روانشناختی دریافتی مخاطبین از یک فضا نیز شایان توجه فراوان می‌باشد.
Background and Objective: In the traditional architecture, buildings had close relationships with the surrounding environment, and intimacy to the nature had deep roots in Iranian’s culture. Traditional Bazaars were one of the most important parts of a city and had great impacts on people's social lives and architecture. Due to the expansion of cities, the concept of bazaar has changed and replaced by distributed spaces called shopping centers. Method: In this study, the shortcomings of the current bazaars, and the effects of traditional architecture and organic concept were examined from the perspective of clients and visitors. Descriptive-analytic survey was conducted and questionnaires were distributed randomly among 272 visitors in Rey bazaar, Tajrish traditional bazaar, Almas shopping center, and Tirazheh shopping mall. To evaluate the hypothesis, the single variable T-test and the F-test were applied. Findings: The results indicate that, synthetizing the concept of organic architecture and Iranian traditional architecture in the current shopping malls could meet the users’ expectation. Results and discussion: Exposing the apparent similarity of the environment and an element is not sufficient for users. So, a special attention is required for the psychological aspects received by the visitors.
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1. Okhovat Haniye (2014). Conceptual, functional and aesthetic analysis of environmental elements, water and plant, with an emphasis on the physical aspect of Iranian gardens. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, sixteenth, special issue 559-572. (In Persian)
2. Economics and urban transportation journal (2009). (In Persian)
3. Ekhlas Maryam (2013). Searching in deep structures of traditional architecture with an emphasis on the architecture of the physical space of the Iranian traditional market. First national conference on geography, urbanization and sustainable development. (In Persian)
4. Mahmoodi Mohammad Mahdi & Nivi Sahar (2011). The process of climate technology development with the sustainable development approach, Naqsh-e-Jahan, number one. (In Persian)
5. Sood Khah Esmael & Kazemi Qaleh Jafar (2013). Recognition of the evolution procedure of the physical spatial of the market in Iran. (In Persian)
6. Farshad Mahdi (1974). Constructional forms. Pahlavi University Press, Shiraz. (In Persian)
7. Shah Mortezaee Seyed Reza (2013, December). The study and analysis of the philosophers’ view on the elements of nature and their effects on architecture. International conference on civil engineering/ architecture and sustainable urban development, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
8. Adel Samira (2013). The relationship between nature and architecture from the Islamic point of view in traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran, focusing on four specific houses in Yazd, Na'in and Kashan. Comparative studies of art, No. 3. (In Persian)
9. Pir Niya Mohammad Karim & Memarian Qolam Hossayn (2008). Studying the styles of Iranian architecture. Soroush Danesh. (In Persian)
10. Kabiri Samani Ali & Babai Hamideh (2015, February). Native architecture tradition and traditional architecture. The 3rd national conference on Islamic architecture and urbanism in the horizon of 1404 (2026), Islamic Azad University, Natanz.(In Persian)
11. Nosrat Pour Darya, Dr Hossayn Soltan Zadeh & Dr Seyed Hadi Qodosi Far (2016). Comparative comparison of Iranian markets and Islamic countries markets (Case Study: Yazd market in Iran and Istanbul market in Turkey). Urban management journal No. 44. (In Persian)
12. Rajabi, Azita (2007). Market Morphology. Agah Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
13. Sood Khah Ismail &Kazemi Qaleh Jafar (2013). Recognition of the evolution procedure of the physical spatial of the market in Iran.
14. Abbas Zahra, Habib Farah, & Mokhtabad Amaye Seyyed Mostafa (2015). Analyzing environmental concepts affecting the meaning of component in the Iranian traditional market (Case Study: Comparative comparison of Kashan traditional market and Safavi shopping mall in Kashan). Urban management journal, No. 40. (In Persian)
15. Faghani Abbas (2006, June 15
th
). Resalat newspaper, No. 5888, page 17. (In Persian)
16. Ebrahimi, Somayeh & Eslami Seyyed Qolam Reza (2010). Iranian architecture and urbanism in the transition period. The Identity of a city journal, volume 4, Issue 6, 14-3. (In Persian)
17. Ardalan Nader & Bakhtiar Laleh (2011). The Sense of Unity: The Sufism tradition in Iranian architecture. Translated by Vendad Jalili, Tehran: Elm. (In Persian)
18. Azad, Mitra (2006). Identity crisis and non-utilization of traditional patterns in Iranian contemporary architecture. Abadi Magazine, No. 52. (In Persian)
19. Ehlers Akkar (1994). Islamic eastern city, model and reality. Translated by Mohammad Hassan Zia Tavana.
20. Biglari Esfandiar (1975). The markets of Iran. Art of architecture journal, No. 33 and 34. (In Persian)
21. Burkhart, Titus (1997). An introduction to the principles and method of religious art, fundamentals of spiritual art (the collection of articles). Translated by Jalal Sattari.
22. Taqvai Vida (2007). The hidden spatial system of Iranian architecture and its structure. Fine arts journal, No. 30. (In Persian)
23. Habibi Hassan (2010). The history of the great bazaar in Tehran, the markets and its local markets in the Last 200 Years. Era foundation. (In Persian)
24. Khaleghi Nia Somayeh (2009). Exploiting the principles of green architecture with an approach to the concepts of traditional Iranian architecture in the design of residential houses. Imam Khomeini International University. (In Persian)
25. Darab Diba (1999). Obtaining a new language for Iranian architects. Architecture and urban development journal, No. 8. (In Persian)
26. Sharqi Hamid & Qanran Abdul Hamid (2012). The lessons of nature in architectural design. Environmental Science and Technology journal. (In Persian)
27. Golan, G. (1995) "Ethics and Urban Design" New York, John Wiley @ Sons.