سهم منابع طبیعی و انسان ساخت در توزیع عناصرسنگین در خاک های اطراف معدن منگنز ونارچ قم
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی خاکمریم رفعتی 1 , آرمیتا تقوی 2 , عبدالرضا کرباسی 3
1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - مسئول دبیرخانه کمیسیون ماده واحده اداره منابع طبیعی شهرستان تهران
3 - استاد دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: تفکیک شیمیایی تک مرحله ای, شاخص زمین انباشتگی, معدن منگنز ونارچ قم, عناصرسنگین,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی آلودگی خاک های اطراف معدن منگنز ونارچ قم به فلزات سنگین منگنز ، نیکل ، سرب و مقایسه روش های مولر و کرباسی در تعیین شاخص آلودگی و تعیین سهم طبیعی و انسان ساخت عناصرمذکور درمنطقه مورد مطالعه است. روش بررسی: جهت انجام این مطالعه 3 نمونه به صورت سیستماتیک از عمق 5- 25 سانتی متری خاک برداشت و مخلوط شده و یک نمونه مرکب به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید تا غلظت کل فلزات منگنز، نیکل و سرب با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر در نمونه مذکور اندازه گیری گردد. سپس شاخص های زمین انباشتگی مولر ((Igeo و کرباسی ((Ipoll جهت تعیین میزان آلودگی منطقه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که غلظت منگنزو نیکل، کم تر و غلظت سرب بیش تراز حداکثر میانگین غلظت قابل قبول در پوسته زمین و شیل بود. میزان Igeo برای همه فلزات بین 0 تا1 بود و میزان Ipoll بین 1 تا 2 بود،که نشان می دهد آلودگی خاک به ترتیب در رده غیرآلوده و کمی آلوده است. بحث و نتیجه گیری : شاخص ژئوشیمیایی کرباسی درتعیین آلودگی منطقه کارآمدتر ازشاخص ژئوشیمیایی مولر بوده و سهم فاز انسان ساخت عناصر سنگین به صورت سرب(16 درصد)> نیکل(8 درصد)> منگنز( 5 درصد) محاسبه شد.
Abstract Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate contamination of the soils around Venarch manganese mine in Qom with heavy metals such as manganese, nickel and lead. It is also attempted to compare the Muller’s and Karbassi’s methods for determining the pollution index and the natural and anthropogenic share of the mentioned elements in the study area. in of Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and (Ipoll), heavy metals of natural and anthropotogenic fase contribution in the region. Method: To perform this study, 3 samples were systematically collected from soil at the depths of 5 - 25 cm and mixed together to make a compound sample which was transferred to the laboratory. The concentrations of manganese, nickel and lead were measured using a spectrophotometer. Then the Muller’s Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the Karbassi’s Pollution Index (Ipoll) were employed to determine the intensity of pollution in the study area. Findings: The results of bulk digestion showed that concentrations of Mn and Ni are lower and concentration of Pb is higher than the maximum average concentrations in the Earth’s crust and shale. Igeo was in the range of 0-1 and Ipoll was in the range of 1-2 for all metals, respectively showing that soil pollution is classified as unpolluted and slightly polluted. Discussion and Counclusion: Karbassi’s Ipoll was found to be more efficient than Muller’s Igeo in determining the amount of contamination in the region. The share of heavy metals in anthropogenic phase was determined as the following order: Pb (16%)> Ni (8%)> Mn (5%).
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- Mosayyebizadeh, S. S. 2007. Investigation on elements concentration in Mellat park soils, Master thesis of environment, Islamic Azad university, Science and research branch of Tehran (In persian).
- Barzegari, Z. 2007. Investigation on Heavy metals distribution in Science and research branch in Tehran, Master thesis of environment, Islamic Azad university, Science and research branch of Tehran (In persian).
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- Karbassi, A. R. Bayati, A. 2007. Environmental Geochemistry, Kavosh Galam press, Tehran, Iran, 258 p (In persian).
- Bowen, H. J. M., 1979," Environmental Geochemistry of the Elements" Academic Press, London, England, 333p.
- Karbassi, A. R. 1996, "Geochmistry of Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cd, V, Mn, Fe, Al, and Ca in Sediments of North Western part of the Persian Gulf “ntl. J. Env. Studies, v. 54, pp. 205 – 212.
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- Clik A., Kartal, A. and Kaska, Y. (2005). Determining the heavy metal pollution in Denizil (Turkey) by using Robinia pseudo-acacia L., environmental enternational, 31, 105- 112.
- Yang, X.E. Long, X.X. Ye, H.B. He, Z.L. Calvert, D.V. Stoffella, P.J. (2005) Cadmium tolerance and hyperaccumulation in a new Zn-hyperaccumulating plant species (Sedum alfredii Hance), Plant Soil, 259, 181–189
- Mwegoha, W.J.S. and Kihampa, C. 2010. Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and water in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania.African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 4(11), 763-769.
- Jankiewicz, B., Adamczyk, D. 2010. Assessing heavy metal content in soils surrounding a power, Plant.Polish J. of Environ. Stud.849-853
- Khasipoor, A. 2013. Pollution risk assessment of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Ni) in the soils around Robat Karim manganese mine, Master thesis of environment, Islamic Azad university, Science and research branch of Tehran (In persian).
- Papafilippaki, A., Velegraki, D., Vlachaki, C., and Stavroulakis, G. 2008. Levelas of heavy metal and bioavailability in soils from the induseial area of Heraklion- Crete, Greece.Laboratory of Water & Soil Resources Quality Control, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, 73133 Chanina, Greece.
- Popescu, L. and Stanca. A. 2008. Monitoring of heavy metal soil contents in the area of thermal power plants in Romania. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technoligy .44:2008.
- Mosayyebizadeh, S. S. 2007. Investigation on elements concentration in Mellat park soils, Master thesis of environment, Islamic Azad university, Science and research branch of Tehran (In persian).
- Barzegari, Z. 2007. Investigation on Heavy metals distribution in Science and research branch in Tehran, Master thesis of environment, Islamic Azad university, Science and research branch of Tehran (In persian).
- http://moe.gov.ir/Sites-of-Water-Electricity/Specialized-holding-companies.
- Karbassi, A. R. Bayati, A. 2007. Environmental Geochemistry, Kavosh Galam press, Tehran, Iran, 258 p (In persian).
- Bowen, H. J. M., 1979," Environmental Geochemistry of the Elements" Academic Press, London, England, 333p.
- Karbassi, A. R. 1996, "Geochmistry of Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cd, V, Mn, Fe, Al, and Ca in Sediments of North Western part of the Persian Gulf “ntl. J. Env. Studies, v. 54, pp. 205 – 212.