تروریسم محیط‌زیستی با محوریت مخاصمات مسلحانه در پرتو حقوق کیفری بین‌المللی

محورهای موضوعی : ایمنی زیستی

بهروز سپهری ¹ , نوروز کارگری ² , محمد آشوری ³ , قاسم قاسمی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حقوق جزا و جرمشناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه حقوق جزا و جرمشناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استاد، گروه حقوق جزا و جرمشناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
4 - استادیار، گروه حقوق جزا و جرمشناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/01/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/09/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/01/01

کلید واژه: جنایات بین‌المللی, تروریسم محیط‌زیستی, محیط‌زیست, مخاصمات مسلحانه, حقوق بشردوستانه بین‌المللی,

چکیده مقاله :

تروریسم محیط‌زیستی، رفتار خشونت‌آمیزی است که با قصد سلب صلح، نظم و امنیت جوامع بشری، از طریق هدف یا ابزار قرار دادن محیط‌زیست، حیات و سلامتی انسان‌ها و امنیت محیط‌زیست را با خطر جدی روبرو می‌سازد و هر گاه همزمان با مخاصمات مسلحانه و از جانب یکی از طرفین مخاصمه رخ دهد، خسارات گسترده و جبران‌ناپذیری را بر جای می‌گذارد و نه تنها سلامتی و حیات نسل معاصر، که سلامتی نسل‌های آینده را نیز در معرض خطر قرار داده و نیز قابلیت زیست سالم را از محیط‌زیست سلب می‌کند، لذا بررسی راهکارهای مقابله با این‌گونه وقایع، هدف اصلی پژوهش جاری می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی تحلیلی و به صورت اسنادی از طرق بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و الکترونیکی اعم از کتاب، مقاله، پایان‌نامه، مقررات و اسناد بین‌المللی به زبان‌های فارسی و انگلیسی موجود صورت پذیرفته است. تنها راه مقابله با این پدیده‌ی جنایی، مقید کردن طرفین مخاصمه به هنجارها و مقررات مربوط به حقوق بشردوستانه‌ی بین‌المللی و جرم‌انگاری نقض این‌گونه مقررات است، تا ضمن کنترل خشونت طرفین مخاصمه در حدود مقررات بین‌المللی، تعرض از این‌دسته از مقررات، موجب تعقیب کیفری با اتهام جنایات بین‌المللی یا جنایات شدید دارای اهمیت بین‌المللی گردد. با وجود این‌که ماده 5 اساسنامه دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی 1998، تروریسم محیط‌زیستی را در شمار جنایات بین‌المللی پیش‌بینی نکرده، اما به خاطر آثار زیانبار عمیق و جبران‌ناپذیر در حیات و سلامتی انسان‌ها و سلامت محیط زیست و قابلیت سرایت این‌گونه آثار به مناطق دوردست و حتی به نسل‌های آینده، دکترین حقوقی و اسناد بین‌المللی، تروریسم ‌محیط‌زیستی را نمونه‌ی حادی از تروریسم شناخته و اهمیت آن را در ردیف جنایات بین‌المللی دانسته و آثار جنایات بین‌المللی را بر آن مترتب می‌دانند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Environmental terrorism is a violent behavior that with the intention of depriving the peace, order and security of human societies, by targeting the environment, endangers human life and health and environmental security and whenever at the same time with Conflicts Armed and on the part of one of the parties to the conflict, it causes extensive and irreparable damage and not only endangers the health and life of the contemporary generation, but also endangers the health of future generations and deprives the healthy of environment. Therefore, reviewing strategies to deal with such events is the main purpose of current research. The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the form of citations through the use of library and electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, regulations and international documents in Persian and English languages. The only way to fight with this criminal phenomenon is to bind the parties to the conflict to the norms and regulations related to international humanitarian law and to criminalize the violation of such regulations, in order to control the violence of the conflicting parties within the limits of international regulations. Violation of such regulations will result in criminal prosecution charges of "international crimes" or "serious crimes of international importance." Although Article 5 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998 does not forecast environmental terrorism as an international crime, but because of the profound and irreparable harmful effects on human life and health and the health of the environment and the possibility of spreading such effects to remote areas. And even to future generations, international legal doctrine and documents recognize environmental terrorism as an acute example of terrorism and its importance in the line of international crimes and the effects of international crimes on it.

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