ارزیابی چند معیاره مکانی پارک ملی کرخه جهت توسعه طبیعت‌گردی با استفاده از GIS

محورهای موضوعی : سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی

منا آهنگری ¹ (گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران/ گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.)
سیده سولماز دشتی ² (دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
سید محسن حسین زاده ساداتی ³ (مدیر دفتر هیدروانفورتیک، سازمان آب و برق خوزستان.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/04/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/17 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/02/01

کلید واژه: ارزیابی چندمعیاره, پارک ملی کرخه, GIS, طبیعت‌گردی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: توسعه گردشگری در پارک ملی، هم برای مدیریت منطقه و هم برای گردشگران مزایای فراوانی به همراه دارد. اما این مساله را در نظر داشت که انجام فعالیت های گردشگری در غیاب برنامه ریزی و مدیریت صحیح و بدون محاسبه ظرفیت برد و توان منطقه برای گردشگری، می تواند بر تجارب گردشگران و از آن مهم تر بر کیفیت و ویژگی های مناطق گردشگری اثر منفی داشته باشد. از این رو شناسایی مناطق مناسب و دارای توان، جهت گسترش و توسعه طبیعت گردی در مناطق حفاظت شده و پارک های ملی، به منظور بهره برداری پایدار از منابع طبیعی اهمیت به سزایی دارد.روش بررسی: این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی در پارک ملی کرخه با تاکید بر طبیعت گردی در سال 1392- 1393 صورت پذیرفت. پارک ملی کرخه در امتداد رودخانه کرخه می باشد. تحقیق حاضر از شیوه ای از روش ارزیابی چندمعیاره به نام ترکیب خطی وزن دار WLC و روش AHP با بکارگیری فن آوری GIS به تعیین مناطق مناسب گردشگری در پارک ملی کرخه پرداخته است.یافته ها و نتیجه گیری: معیارهای به کار رفته در مراحل ارزیابی 16 معیار می باشد که در سه طبقه معیارهای فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اقتصادی_اجتماعی فرهنگی در نظر گرفته شد. بر اساس خروجی AHP معیار تیپ پوشش گیاهی بیش ترین وزن و معیار شیب کم ترین وزن را به خود اختصاص داد، در نهایت مناطق مناسب برای طبیعت گردی با درجات متفاوتی از توان و مطلوبیت تعیین گردید. طبق نقشه طبقه بندی شده توان طبیعت گردی، حدود 82/35 درصد از پارک ملی کرخه با مساحتی معادل 36/2771 هکتار دارای توان مناسب و 86/37 درصد از پارک ملی کرخه با مساحتی معادل 77/2929 هکتار برای توسعه گردشگری مناسب نمی باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Development of tourism in National park has many advantages both for their management and for tourists. But we should consider that tourism activities can have negative effects on tourism experiences and tourist qualities and characteristics in the absence of an appropriate planning and management and without determining the capacity and capability of the area. Therefore, determining suitable areas for expansion and development of tourism in preserved areas and national parks is crucially important for sustainable exploitation of natural resources. Method: The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the ecological potential in Karkheh National Park with an emphasis on eco-tourism in 2013- 2014 time period. Karkheh National Park is located along Karkheh River. In the present study, a method of multi criteria evaluation called weighted linear combination (WLC) and AHP method, along with GIS technology, was used to locate the tourism suitable areas in Karkheh National Park. Discussion and Conclusion: The criteria used in the evaluation were 16 criteria which were classified in three categories of physical, biological and cultural socio-economic. According to AHP outputs, the criterion of vegetation coverage type accounted for the highest weight and the criterion of slope accounted for the lowest weight. Eventually, areas suitable for ecotourism were determined with different degrees of potential and utility. According to the classified map of ecotourism potential, about 35.82 percent of Karkheh National Park with an area of 2771.36 ha had a suitable potential and 37.86 percent of this park with an area of 2929.77 ha was not appropriate for tourism development.

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