بام سبز، راهکاری برای کاهش آلودگی محیطی و توسعه پایدار شهری
محورهای موضوعی : فناوریهای نوین معماری ، صنعتی و ساختمانی
سحر طوفان
1
(استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز)
کلید واژه: بام سبز, نماي سبز, سبزینگی, پايداري, توسعه پایدار,
چکیده مقاله :
بام سبز که بام باغ، بام گیاهی و بام زیستی هم نامیده میشود، یک بستر مهندسی‌ساز می‌باشد که رشد گیاه را در بام و نما میسر ساخته و داراي محاسن گوناگون است. از اين رو، در بسياري از كشورهاي جهان بخصوص در كشورهاي شمال قاره امريكا و كشورهاي غرب اروپا، آيين‌نامه‌ها و ضوابط اجرايي در خصوص بدنههاي سبز تدوين شده است و به صورت دستورالعمل اجباري در برخي شهرها لحاظ مي‌گردد. حال آنكه در كلان‌شهرها فقدان اين موضوع به روشني ملموس است. دست‌یابی به مواردی چون؛ استتار، اختفاء و فریب، ذخیره‌سازی انرژی (مدیریت مصرف)، پایداری ساختمان‌ها، بهره‌گیری از نهایت زیبائی، فرم‌دهی و تغییر شکل، همسان‌سازی با محیط‌های اطراف، انعطاف‌پذیری در تغییر شکل، کنترل برخی پی‌آمد‌های طبیعی (سیل، روان‌آبها و امثال آن)، حفظ محیط زیست، صیانت از آلودگی روان‌آبها، بالا بردن سرانه فضای سبز، تعدیل فضای روانی جامعه، ایجاد عایق صوتی و گرمايي، بالا بردن عمر ایزولاسیون بام و نما، كاهش مصرف انرژي، بهره‌گیری از چرخه تولید مواد غذایی، تلطیف هوا (کاهش دی اکسید کربن و افزایش اکسیژن)، کنترل آسيب‌های ناشی از وزش طوفان و تگرگ و باران‌های سیل‌آسا و امثال آن، از جمله آورد‌هایی است که نتیجه اجرای بام‌ها و نما‌های سبز خواهد بود. در اين مقاله مروری به معرفي انواع بدنههاي سبز، جزئیات اجرایی و مزاياي عمومي آن كه بيشتر در حوزه پدافند نرم است و نيز مزاياي اختصاصي آن در حوزه پدافند غيرعامل و نقش آن در كلان شهرها پرداخته مي‌شود.
A green roof, also known as a garden roof, vegetable roof, or biological roof, is an engineering system that enables the growth of plants on roof and facade, offering numerous advantages. Therefore, many countries, particularly those in North America and Western Europe, have developed regulations, executive rules, and mandatory instructions for green infrastructure. However, in many large cities, the implementation of such systems remains clearly insufficient. The benefits of green roofs include camouflage, concealment and deception, energy conservation, building sustainability, aesthetic enhancement, shaping and changing shape, environmental assimilation, shape flexibility, natural consequence control (e.g. floods and water runoff), environmental preservation, water pollution protection, increased green space per capita, improved societal psychological atmosphere, sound and heat insulation, extended lifespan of roof and facade insulation, reduced energy consumption, food production cycle, air quality improvement (reducing carbon dioxide and increasing oxygen), and damage control from storms and heavy rainfall. This article discusses the types of green bodies, their executive details, and their general advantages, primarily in soft defense and their specific advantages in passive defense and their role in large urban areas.
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