ارزیابی چالش‌های زیست محیطی در ایران در سال 2024 بر مبنای شاخص عملکرد زیست محیطی (EPI)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت پایدار سرزمین و طراحی منظر پایدار شهریمحمد مسافری 1 , زیبا بهشتی 2 * , ندا گیلانی 3 , سپیده نعمتی منصور 4
1 - مرکز تحقیقات سلامت و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته دکترای تخصصی ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین-محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه آمار و اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
4 - کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: ارزیابی چالش های زیست محیطی, شاخص عملکرد زیست محیطی, بهداشت محیط, ایران,
چکیده مقاله :
شاخص عملکرد زیست محیطی (EPI) ابزاری برای ارزیابی عملکرد کشورهای مختلف در زمینه محیط زیست است که شامل معیارها و داده‌هایی برای بررسی وضعیت محیط زیست و تأثیرات انسانی بر آن است. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی وضعیت EPI در ایران بر اساس آخرین نتایج سال ۲۰۲۴ پرداخته و نظرات خبرگان حوزه سلامت محیط زیست را در خصوص چالش‌های زیست محیطی کشور بررسی و ارائه می‌دهد. بر اساس نتایج، رتبه کلی ایران در بین ۱۸۰ کشور معادل ۱۱۳ و در منطقه خاورمیانه رتبه ۱۰ را دارد. در حوزه سلامت محیط زیست، آلودگی هوا، آلودگی محیط زیست به پسماند، آلودگی محیط زیست به آفت‌کش‌ها، کمبود آب در کشور، برداشت بی‌رویه از آب‌های زیرزمینی، و نهایتاً عدم توجه به پایداری محیط زیست مواردی هستند که ذهن خبرگان را به شدت نگران نموده و به عنوان اولویت درجه یک مسائل زیست محیطی کشور مطرح هستند. همچنین از دیدگاه متخصصین، آلودگی هوا، آلودگی ناشی از پسماند، آفت‌کش‌ها، کمبود آب و برداشت بی‌رویه از آب‌های زیرزمینی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها مطرح هستند. بیشترین نگرانی‌ها مربوط به حیطه هوا و اقلیم است. تقویت سیاست‌های زیست محیطی، شامل ایجاد قوانین مؤثر و توسعه برنامه‌های ملی، می‌تواند به بهبود شرایط محیط زیستی و EPI در کشور کمک کند.
The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is an essential tool for evaluating countries environmental performance, incorporating diverse criteria and data to assess both environment conditions and the impact of human activities. This study investigates Iran’s current standing in the 2024 EPI and presents insights experts opinions in environmental health to identify the country's major environmental challenges. Iran ranks 113th out of 180 countries and 10th in the Middle East. Key issues affecting environmental health include air pollution, waste-related environmental contamination, pesticide pollution, water scarcity, excessive groundwater extraction, and a general disregard for environmental sustainability. These challenges are of serious concern to experts and are regarded as top national priorities. Air pollution, waste-related contamination, pesticide use, water scarcity, and unsustainable groundwater extraction are consistently highlighted as the most pressing concerns. The most critical problems relate to air quality and climate change. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening environmental governance through effective regulations and the development of comprehensive national programs. Such measures are essential for improving environmental conditions and Iran's EPI performance.
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