چکیده انگلیسی:
The aim of the current study is to investigate the dimensions of the process of curriculum internalization within a distant learning perspective in Iran’s higher education. In addition to analyzing the reasons for its necessity, it is attempted to assess the causes, conditions, resources, facilities, limitations, opportunities, and its appropriate approaches. Adopting a descriptive-survey design, we sampled, through a clustering approach, 543 Iranian and foreign university students and teachers in five Tehran-based universities. Participants responded to a Likert-scale questionnaire comprising of eight questions and 96 sub-questions. t-test, Friedman ranking, and the analysis of variance were the statistical procedures that were made use of in data analysis. Results reveal that to keep pace with globalization and to make Iranian culture and civilization known to the world, the internationalization of higher education curricula is a must. To this end, utmost efforts should be made to realize the full potential of distant education due to its flexibility and it capability to cross national boundaries.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aspan, J. (1993). Curricular and administrative conciderations. In Cavusgil,
S. T. (Ed.) Internationalizing business education: Meeting the challenge (pp.15-
30). Michigan: Michigan state university press.
AUCC. (2006). Internationalization survey update: Internationalization of the
curriculum,Ottawa.available online: www.aucc.ca/_pdf/english/publications/
curriculum
AUCC. (2009). Internationalization of the curriculum:A practical guide to
support Canadian universities’efforts, ISBN: 9780888762763, available at :
www. aucc. ca /pdf /English /publications /curriculum
Bain, O., Luu ,D.T, Green,M.F.(2006) Students on the Move: The Future of
International Students in the United States .Available online:
www.acenet.edu/programs/international
Benick, G., Newby, D. & Samuel, M. (1996). Forging the links between
institutional players. In G.Benick & A.Salooje (Eds), Creative post-secondary
learning environments (pp.19-33). Toronto, ON: Ryerson Polytechnic
University.
Bond, S. L. et al. (2003). Untapped resources: Internationalization of the
curriculum and classroom experience: a selected literature review. Ottawa,
Canadian Bureau for International Education.
Bond, Sh. (2006). Transforming culture of learning:Evoking the international
dimention in canadian university curriculum.York University,Canada.
Bostrom, Ch. A. (2009). Diffusion of internationalization in Turkish higher
education, Journal of studies in international education,Vol 10. No 5.
Caruana, V. (2004). International mission impossible? ICT and alternative
approaches to internationalizing the curriculum, Networked learning
conference .
Collis, B. &Van der Wende, M. (2002). Models of Technology and change in
higher education: An international coparative survey on the current and future
use of ICT in higher education, Center for Higher Education Policy
Studies(CHEPS).
Early, P.C., Ang, S. & Tan, J. (2006). CQ: Developing culture intelligence at
work, Palo Alto, CA: standford university press.
Fegan, J. & Field, M. H. (2009). Education across borders: Politics, Policy
and Legislative Action, NewYork, Springer Science+Business Media.
Ghaheri, Razieh. (2005). A Study of Effects of Higher Education
International Communication in Curricula from the Viewpoints of Faculty
Members of State Universities in Tehran and Curriculum Development Experts,
M. A. Thesis, Curriculum Development, Shahid Beheshti University.
(http//:www fep. sbu. ac. ir/ Portals/ 7/ Payannameh IMG /p16/ 508. doc)
Jones, E. &, Brown, S. (2007). Internatonalising higher education,
Routledge, Great Britain
Knight, J. (1995). Internationalization at Canadian universities: The
changing landscape. Ottawa, ON: Association of Universities and Colleges of
Canada, available at: www. aucc. Ca / /English /publications /curriculum
Knight, J. (2003). Internationalization of higher education (practices &
priorities): 2003 IAU survey report, available at: www.unesco.org/iau
McKellin, K. (1998). Maintaining the momentum: The internationalization of
British Columbia's post secondary institutions. Victoria, BC: The British
Columbia Centre for International Education.
Mestenhauser, J. A. & Ellingboe, B. J. (1998). Reforming the higher
education curriculum: Internationalizing the campus, Arizona, American
council on education & Oryx Press.
Mihhailova, G. (2006). E-Learning as internationalization strategy in higher
education: Lecturer’s and student’s perspective, Baltic journal of management,
vol. 1 No.3.
Monash University. (2005). Internationalisation of the curriculum
procedures, Retrieved from: http: // www. policy. monash. edu. Au /policybank/
academic/ education/ management.
Moore, M. & Tait, A. (2002). Open and Distance Learning: Trends, Policy
and Strategy Considerations. [Electronic version]. UNESCO, Division of
Higher education. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from: http:// unesdoc. unesco. Org
/images /0012 /001284 /128463 e.pdf.
Morey, A. I. (2000). Changing higher education curricula for a global and
multicultural world. Higher Education in Europe 25(1): 25-39.
Norooz Zadeh, Reza. (2006). The Study Of Top Documents And Inducing
Policies To Write Fifth Program In Higher Education, Research And
Technology, Tehran, Ministry Of Science, Research And Higher Education,
Research And Planning of Higher Education Institution.
Schuerholz-Lehr, S. (2007). Teaching for global literacy in higher education:
How prepared are the educators? Journal of Studies in International Education,
11(2), 180-204.
Shailer, K. (2006). Internationalizing the curriculum:An inventory of key
issues,model programs and resources,Canada, Academic colleague, OCAD
Statistics of Higher education in Iran (2006-2007) Ministry Of Science,
Research And Higher Education, Research And Planning of Higher Education
Institution.
Thune, T. &Welle- Strand, A. ( 2005). ICT for and in internationalization
process: A business school case study, Journal of higher education,50:593-611
Whalley, T., Langley, L. & Villareal, L. (1997). Best practice guidelines for
internationalizing the curriculum, Dougls college for the province of British
Columbia, Ministry of education, skills and training and the Centre for
Curriculum, Transfer and Technology.
Williams, Sh. ( 2008). Internationalization of the curriculum:A remedy for
international students’academic adjustment difficulties, Memorial University of
Newfoundland.
Zare’e, Ozra; Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh; Yamani, Mohammad. (2009). A
Study of International Barriers of Curricula in Higher Education Institutions
And Universities from viewpoints of Faculty Members (Shahid Beheshti
University), Research and Planning in Higher Education Journal, Vol. 54, pp.
63-82.
