بررسی تطبیقی تأثیر ریسک‌های اقتصادی، سیاسی و مالی بر اقتصاد دانش بنیان در کشورهای منتخب جهان و ایران
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهشنامه اقتصاد و کسب و کار
ژاله جعفری
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فرید عسگری
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عبدالرحیم هاشمی دیزج
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فرزانه خلیلی
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1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد،واحد ابهر،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر،ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد ، واحد ابهر ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، ابهر ، ایران
3 - عضو هیئت علمی اقتصاد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
4 - گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ابهر
کلید واژه: ریسک اقتصادی, ریسک سیاسی, ریسک مالی, اقتصاد دانش بنیان, ایران, گشتاورهای تعمیم یافته.,
چکیده مقاله :
تأثیر ریسک‌های اقتصادی، مالی و سیاسی بر اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان در کشورهای مختلف متفاوت است و به عوامل متعددی از جمله سطح توسعه اقتصادی، ثبات سیاسی و چارچوب نظارتی بستگی دارد. اقتصاد دانش بنیان به شدت به عوامل اقتصادی، مالی و سیاسی وابسته است. ریسک‌های اقتصادی، مانند رکود و تورم، می‌توانند تقاضا برای محصولات و خدمات دانش بنیان را کاهش دهند و سرمایه‌گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه را محدود کنند. ریسک‌های مالی، مانند دسترسی محدود به سرمایه و نوسانات نرخ ارز، می‌توانند رشد شرکت‌های دانش بنیان را محدود کنند. همچنین، ریسک‌های سیاسی، مانند بی‌ثباتی سیاسی و تغییرات در سیاست‌های دولتی، می‌توانند عدم اطمینان ایجاد کنند و سرمایه‌گذاری را به تأخیر بی اندازند. مدیریت این ریسک‌ها برای اطمینان از رشد و پایداری اقتصاد دانش بنیان ضروری است. دولت‌ها و کسب و کارها می‌توانند اقداماتی را برای کاهش این ریسک ها انجام دهند، مانند سرمایه‌گذاری در آموزش و پرورش و تحقیق و توسعه، ایجاد یک محیط تجاری مطلوب، تنوع بخشیدن به درآمد و ایجاد روابط با دولت. با مدیریت ریسک‌های اقتصادی، مالی و سیاسی، می‌توان یک اقتصاد دانش بنیان قوی و پایدار ایجاد کرد که نوآوری، رشد و رفاه را به ارمغان بیاورد. از اینرو، هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تطبیقی تاثیر ریسک‌های اقتصادی، مالی و سیاسی بر شاخص اقتصاد دانش بنیان در 41 کشور منتخب جهان و ایران طی بازه زمانی 2021-2000 با رویکرد گشتاورهای تعمیمیافته در دو حالت پانل و سری زمانی است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که متغیرهای ریسک اقتصادی، ریسک مالی و ریسک سیاسی هر سه تاثیر منفی و معنادار بر شاخص اقتصاد دانش بنیان در کشورهای منتخب جهان و ایران دارند که اثرگذاری ریسک های مذکور بر شاخص اقتصاد دانش بنیان در کشور ایران نسبت به کشور منتخب جهان بیشتر است.
The impact of economic, financial and political risks on the knowledge-based economy varies across countries and depends on several factors, including the level of economic development, political stability and regulatory framework. The knowledge-based economy is highly dependent on economic, financial and political factors. Economic risks, such as recession and inflation, can reduce demand for knowledge-based products and services and limit investment in research and development. Financial risks, such as limited access to capital and exchange rate fluctuations, can limit the growth of knowledge-based companies. Also, political risks, such as political instability and changes in government policies, can create uncertainty and delay investment. Managing these risks is essential to ensure the growth and sustainability of the knowledge-based economy. Governments and businesses can take steps to mitigate these risks, such as investing in education and research and development, creating a favorable business environment, diversifying income and building relationships with the government. By managing economic, financial and political risks, a strong and sustainable knowledge-based economy can be created that brings innovation, growth and prosperity. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to conduct a comparative study of the impact of economic, financial and political risks on the knowledge-based economy index in 41 selected countries of the world and Iran during the period 2000-2021 using a generalized moments approach in two panel and time series modes. The results of the study showed that the variables of economic risk, financial risk and political risk all three have a negative and significant impact on the knowledge-based economy index in the selected countries of the world and Iran, and that the impact of the aforementioned risks on the knowledge-based economy index in Iran is greater than in the selected countries of the world.
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