ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی و روابط فیلوژنتیکی جمعیت‌های کرفس زراعی (Apium graveolense) وکرفس کوهی(Kelussia odoratissima) به روش SDS-PAGE
محورهای موضوعی :
زیست شناسی سلولی تکوینی گیاهی و جانوری ، تکوین و تمایز ، زیست شناسی میکروارگانیسم
فاطمه محمودی کردی
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.)
اردشیر جودمند
2
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
سارا غفاریان
3
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/09/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/05/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/09/01
کلید واژه:
تنوع ژنتیکی,
کرفس کوهی,
SDS-PAGE,
کرفس زراعی,
روابط فیلوژنتیکی,
چکیده مقاله :
مطالعه پروتئین‌ها ابزاری مناسب برای برآورد تنوع ژنتیکی و میزان شباهت بین ژنوم های مختلف است. با توجه به اهمیت دارویی و غذایی کرفس زراعی و کوهی ، در این پژوهش تنوع ژنتیکی و روابط فیلوژنتیکی 15 جمعیت کرفس زراعی و شش جمعیت کرفس کوهی بر مبنای پروتئین‌های ذخیره‌ای بذر کرفس زراعی و کوهی و پروتئین‌های برگ کرفس زراعی در سه مرحله 30، 45 و 60 روز پس از کشت با استفاده از روش SDS-PAGE مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. حضور و عدم حضور نوار به ترتیب با یک و صفر امتیازدهی و سپس تعداد کل نشانگرهای ایجاد شده، تعداد نشانگرهای چندشکل، درصد چند شکلی نشانگرها، تعداد آلل مشاهده شده ، تعداد آلل موثر، متوسط هتروزیگوسیتی، شاخص اطلاعات شانون و شاخص تنوع ژنی نی برآورد شد. همچنین تجزیه واریانس مولکولی، تجزیه به بردارهای اصلی و گروهبندی جمعیت‌ها بر اساس الگوریتم Minimum Evolution و ضریب فاصلهP-Distance انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان دهنده تنوع ژنتیکی بالا در هر دو جمعیت کرفس کوهی و زراعی ، متوسط هتروزیگوسی بالای بذرهای کرفس زراعی در مقایسه با بذرهای کرفس کوهی و تنوع درون جمعیتی در هر دو گیاه در مقایسه با تنوع بین جمعیتی سطح بالاتری داشت. داده های این پژوهش نشان داد در کرفس زراعی تنوع ژنتیکی از تنوع جغرافیایی تبعیت نمی کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The study of proteins is an appreciate model for assessment genetic diversity and similarity between different genomes. Considering to the medicinal and nutritional importance of Apium graveolens and Kelussia odoratissima in this study genetic relationships and diversity of 6 Kelussia genotypes based on seed proteins and 15 celery based on proteins of seeds and leaves 30, 45 and 60 days after germination were studied by SDS-PAGE. Presence and absence of the protein bands were scored as one and zero, respectively. The total number of bands, number of polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphic bands, number of private bands, number of alleles, number of effective alleles, genetic diversity, mean of heterozygosity, polymorphic information content and Nei gene diversity index were estimated. Also analysis of molecular variance, analysis of molecular variance to two first coordinates and grouping of populations based on minimum evolution algorithm and P-distance were done. Results showed high genetic diversity in both populations but higher heterozygosity and within population diversity in celery seed compare to Kelussia. Grouping of populations separated celery and Kelussia populations. Agreement of populations grouping with geographic dispersion was more strong in seeds than leaves
منابع و مأخذ:
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Afkar S, Zand R, Genetic Relationships of Some Mint Species Using Seed Storage Protein Pattern, J Genet Resour 2020; 6(1): 12-19.
Zabet M, Rahimi A, Izanloo A and Alizadeh Z, The study of genetic diversity of cumin ecotypes of Khorasan provinces using protein markers. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 2018; 26, 1:292-301.
Gepts P, Llaca V, Nodari RO and Panella L. Analysis of Seed Proteins, Isozymes, and RFLPs for Genetic and Evolutionary Studies in Phaseolus. In: Linskens HF and Jackson JF (editors), Modern methods of plant analysis: Seed analysis. Springer, Berlin. 1992.
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Peakall R and Smouse PE. GENALEX 6.4: Genetic analysis in Excel: Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes. 2010; 6: 288-295.
Zhu J, Gale MD, Quarrie S, Jackson MT and Bryan GJ. AFLP markers for the study of rice biodiversity. Theor Appl Genet. 1998; 96: 602-611.
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE and Quattro JM. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distance among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction sites. Genetics. 1992; 131: 479-491
Peakall R and Smouse PE, GENALEX 6.4: genetic analysis in Excel: population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes. 2010; 6: 288-295.
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Tamura K and Nei M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol. 1993; 10: 512-526.
Asghar R, Siddique T and Afzal, M. Inter and intra-specific variation in SDS-PAGE electrophoregrams of total seed protein in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasm. Pak J Biol Sci. 2003; 6: 1991-1995.
Rao SA. Conservation of plant genetic resources. In: Bahar AS. and Samiullah k. (editors), Plant breeding advances and in vitro culture. CBS Publishers and Distributers, Delhi, India. 1997.
Donofrio C, Giordani T, Cavallini A, Delorenzis G, Natali L and Scalabrelli G. Retrotransposon-based molecular markers for grapevine species and cultivars identification. Tree Genet Genomes. 2010; 6: 451-466.
Piñera JA, Blanco G, Vázquez E and Sánchez JA. Genetic diversity of blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) populations ov Spanish coasts: A preliminary study. Mar Biol. 2007; 151: 2153-2158.
Vural C. A new combination in Descurainia (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Ann Bot Fenn. 2009; 46: 65-66.
Sheidai M, Saeidi S and Atri M. Taxonomic applications of seed proteins in the genus Bromus L. (Poaceae). Iran J Bot. 2008; 14: 126-131.
Ghaffarian S and Mohammadi, SA. Quantitative gene expression pattern analysis of Na+ Transporter in barley under salinity stress. Genet Eng Biosafe J. 2016; 6: 105-116. In Persian
Kiani M, Zamani Z, Khalighi A, Fatahi R and Byrne DH. Wide genetic diversity of Rosa damascene Mill. Germplasm in Iran as revealed by RAPD analysis. Sci Hortic. 2008; 115: 386-392.
Pezhmanmehr M, Dastan D, Ebrahimi SN and Hadian J. Essential oil constituents of leaves and fruits of Myrtus communis L. from Iran. J Essent Oil-Bear Pl. 2010; 13: 123-129.
Torkamani MD and Karapetion J. An investigation of seed protein content and variation in ten sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum). J Sci Techn Agr Nat Resour. 2007; 11: 225-231.
Mirali N, El-Khouri S and Rizq F. Genetic diversity and relationships in some Vicia species as determined by SDS-PAGE of seed proteins. Biologia Plantarum. 2007; 51: 660-666.
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Mozaffarian V. Umbelliferae. In: Assadi M, Khatamsaz M, Maasoumi AA (editors), Flora of Iran, No. 54. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran. 2007; 596 pp.
Kooti W, Ali-Akbari S, Asadi-Samani M, Ghadery H and Ashtary-Larky D. A review on medicinal plant of Apium graveolens. Adv Herb Med. 2015; 1: 48-59.
Ahmadi kh, Omidi H, Amini M, Naghdi H, A review on the botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological charachteristics of Kelussia odoratisima J. Med. Plants. 2019; 18:30-45.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti A. Medicinal plants used in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari districts, Iran. Herba Polonica. 2009; 55: 69-75.
Gauri M, Ali SJ and Khan MS. A Review of Apium graveolens (Karafs) with special reference to Unani Medicine. Int Arch Intern Med. 2015; 2: 131-136.
Irvani m and Jabralansar Z. Wild celery, an endangered plant species in the Central Zagros region. United Nations Educational and Promotional Journal, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran 2005. In Persian
Rao NK. Plant genetic resources: Advancing conservation and use through biotechnology. Afr J biotechnol. 2004; 3: 136-145.
Rao SA. Conservation of plant genetic resources. In: Bahar AS and Samiullah k. (editors). Plant breeding advances and in vitro culture. CBS Publishers and Distributers, Delhi, India.
Korzun V. Molecular markers and their application in cereals breeding. In: Marker Assited Selection: A fast track to increase genetic gain in plant and animal breeding? Session I: MAS in plants. Global Lead Scientific Affairs, Einbeck, Germany. 2003.
Morden CW. and Loeffler W. Fragmentation and differentiation among subpopulations of the endangered Hawaiian mint Haplostachys haplostachya (Lamiaceae). Mol Ecol. 1999; 8: 617-625.
Joshi SP, Ranjekar PK and Gupta, VS. Molecular markers in plant genome analysis. Curr Sci. 1999; 77: 230-240.
Ninfa AJ, Ballou N, David PB and Marilee B. Fundamental laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Wiley. United States. New York, USA .
Masoumi SM, Kahrizi D, Rostami H, Kiani S, J Soorni, Genetic diversity study of some medicinal plant accessions belong to Apiaceae family based on seed storage proteins pattern. Mol Biol Rep. 2012; DOI 10.1007/s11033-012-1914-3, published online.
Afkar S, Zand R, Genetic Relationships of Some Mint Species Using Seed Storage Protein Pattern, J Genet Resour 2020; 6(1): 12-19.
Zabet M, Rahimi A, Izanloo A and Alizadeh Z, The study of genetic diversity of cumin ecotypes of Khorasan provinces using protein markers. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 2018; 26, 1:292-301.
Gepts P, Llaca V, Nodari RO and Panella L. Analysis of Seed Proteins, Isozymes, and RFLPs for Genetic and Evolutionary Studies in Phaseolus. In: Linskens HF and Jackson JF (editors), Modern methods of plant analysis: Seed analysis. Springer, Berlin. 1992.
Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Naturel 1970; 227: 680-685.
Peakall R and Smouse PE. GENALEX 6.4: Genetic analysis in Excel: Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes. 2010; 6: 288-295.
Zhu J, Gale MD, Quarrie S, Jackson MT and Bryan GJ. AFLP markers for the study of rice biodiversity. Theor Appl Genet. 1998; 96: 602-611.
Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in suddivided populations. PNAS. 1973; 70: 3321-3323.
Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TBJ, Ye ZH and Mao JX. POPGENE, the user-friendly sharewarefor population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Alberta, Canada. 1997.
Excoffier L, Smouse PE and Quattro JM. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distance among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction sites. Genetics. 1992; 131: 479-491
Peakall R and Smouse PE, GENALEX 6.4: genetic analysis in Excel: population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes. 2010; 6: 288-295.
Peakall R and Smouse PE. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel: population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes. 2006; 6: 288-295.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M and Kumar S. MEGA 4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software, version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2007; 24: 1596-1599.
Rzhetsky A and Nei M. Theoretical foundation of the minimum-evolution method of phylogenetic inference. Mol Biol Evol. 1993; 10: 1073-1095.
Tamura K and Nei M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol. 1993; 10: 512-526.
Asghar R, Siddique T and Afzal, M. Inter and intra-specific variation in SDS-PAGE electrophoregrams of total seed protein in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasm. Pak J Biol Sci. 2003; 6: 1991-1995.
Rao SA. Conservation of plant genetic resources. In: Bahar AS. and Samiullah k. (editors), Plant breeding advances and in vitro culture. CBS Publishers and Distributers, Delhi, India. 1997.
Donofrio C, Giordani T, Cavallini A, Delorenzis G, Natali L and Scalabrelli G. Retrotransposon-based molecular markers for grapevine species and cultivars identification. Tree Genet Genomes. 2010; 6: 451-466.
Piñera JA, Blanco G, Vázquez E and Sánchez JA. Genetic diversity of blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) populations ov Spanish coasts: A preliminary study. Mar Biol. 2007; 151: 2153-2158.
Vural C. A new combination in Descurainia (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Ann Bot Fenn. 2009; 46: 65-66.
Sheidai M, Saeidi S and Atri M. Taxonomic applications of seed proteins in the genus Bromus L. (Poaceae). Iran J Bot. 2008; 14: 126-131.
Ghaffarian S and Mohammadi, SA. Quantitative gene expression pattern analysis of Na+ Transporter in barley under salinity stress. Genet Eng Biosafe J. 2016; 6: 105-116. In Persian
Kiani M, Zamani Z, Khalighi A, Fatahi R and Byrne DH. Wide genetic diversity of Rosa damascene Mill. Germplasm in Iran as revealed by RAPD analysis. Sci Hortic. 2008; 115: 386-392.
Pezhmanmehr M, Dastan D, Ebrahimi SN and Hadian J. Essential oil constituents of leaves and fruits of Myrtus communis L. from Iran. J Essent Oil-Bear Pl. 2010; 13: 123-129.
Torkamani MD and Karapetion J. An investigation of seed protein content and variation in ten sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum). J Sci Techn Agr Nat Resour. 2007; 11: 225-231.
Mirali N, El-Khouri S and Rizq F. Genetic diversity and relationships in some Vicia species as determined by SDS-PAGE of seed proteins. Biologia Plantarum. 2007; 51: 660-666.
