اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره دو گونه مرجان دریایی نرم Madracis sp. و Palythoa tuberclosa از سواحل چابهار
محورهای موضوعی : پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
علی طاهری*، نسیم ساکی ، سعیده پولادی، الهه شریفی‌ترکسلویه، سمیرا جلالی نژاد .
1
(.)
کلید واژه: مرجان دریایی, عصاره, ضد میکروبی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به افزایش مقاومت باکتری‌ها نسبت به آنتی‌بیوتیکها، نیاز به مواد جدید با خواص ضد باکتریایی بیش از بیش احساس می‌شود. از جمله این مواد، می توان به ترکیبات زیست فعال با خواص ضد باکتریایی استخراج‌شده از موجودات دریایی از قبیل مرجان‌ها اشاره کرد. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره‌های متانولی، هیدرو اتانولی و هگزانی دو مرجان دریاییMadracis sp. و Palythoatuberclosa انجام گردید. بعد از نمونه‌برداری، عصاره‌های هگزانی، متانولی و هیدرو اتانولی از دو گونه مرجانMadracis sp. و Palythoatuberclosa تهیه شد. سپس میزان فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره ها علیه سه سویه باکتری گرم منفی Vibrio cholerae، Proteus vulgaris و Escherchia coli، همچنین دو سویه باکتری گرم مثبت Staphylococcus aureusو Listeria monocytogenes به روش انتشار دیسک مورد آزمون قرار گرفت و نتایج به‌دست‌آمده با آنتی‌بیوتیک اریترومایسین مقایسه شدند. تجزیه وتحلیل نتایج با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه در نرم‌افزار SPSS صورت گرفت. عصاره‌های متانولی و هیدرو اتانولی مرجان Madracis sp. به ترتیب با قطر هاله‌ی عدم رشد 9/0±94/12 و53/0±58/16 بیشترین تأثیر را بر باکتری E.coli داشتند. در کلیه‌ی عصاره‌های تهیه‌شده از مرجان Palythoatuberclosa آنتی‌بیوتیک استاندارد اثر معنا‌دار بیشتری در برابر باکتری‌ها داشت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره‌ی مرجانMadracis sp.دارای خواص ضد میکروبیبالایی است.
Nowadays due to the bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the need to new materials with antibacterial properties, including bioactive compounds from marine organisms such as corals with antibacterial properties, is more notable. So this study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the methanolic, hydroethanolic and n-hexanic extracts of two soft marine coral Madracis sp. and Palythoa tuberculosa. After sampling, n-hexanic, methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of two coral species of Madracis sp. and Palythoa tuberculosa was prepared. Then the disk diffusion method was used in order to determination the antibacterial activity against the three strains of Gram-negative bacterium include Vibrio cholera, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli and two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and the results were compared with the standard antibiotic erythromycin. The analysis of the results was conducted by using one-way ANOVA whit SPSS software. The methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Madracis sp. corals had the highest effect on E. coli bacteria, with the inhibition zone of 12.94±9.0 and 16.58±0.53 mm, respectively. In all the extracts prepared from Palythoa tuberculosa Coral, standard antibiotic had more significant effect against the bacteria. The extracts of Madracis sp. coral has high antimicrobial properties.
1. Afifi, R., Abdel-Nabi, I. M., El-Shaikh, K. (2016): Antibacterial activity from soft corals of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. J. Taibah Uni. Sci. 10(6): 887-895.
2. Bai, X., Chen, Y., Chen, W., Lei, H., Shi, G. (2011): Volatile constituents, inorganic elements and primary screening of bioactivity of black coral cigarette holders. Mar. drugs. 9(5): 863-878.
3. Bhakuni, D., Rawat, D. (2005): Bioactive metabolites of marine algae, fungi and bacteria. Bio. Mar. Nat. Prod. 1-25.
4. Borowitzka, M., Borowitzka, L. (1992): Vitamins and chemicals from micro-algae. In: Microalgal biotechnol. 179.
5. Casareto, B. E., Suzuki, Y., Kodani, S. (2013): Antibacterial activity of scleractinian corals in Okinawa, Japan. Galaxea, J. Coral Reef Studies. 15(2): 19-26.
6. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008): Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disc and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Marine Animals; Approved Standards, third ed. CLSI, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
7. Coll, J. C. (1992): The chemistry and chemical ecology of octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Octocorallia). Chemi. Review. 92(4): 613-631.
8. Gantar, M., Kaczmarsky, L. T., Stanić, D., Miller, A. W., Richardson, L. L. (2011): Antibacterial activity of marine and black band disease cyanobacteria against coral-associated bacteria. Mar. Drugs. 9(10): 2089-2105.
9. Haefner, B. (2003): Drugs from the deep: marine natural products as drug candidates. Drug Discov. Today. 8(12): 536-544.
10. Hakim, M. L., Ismail, N., Muhammad, T. T. (2011): Cytotoxicity effect of soft corals methanolic extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Paper presented at the Proceedings of 10th UMT International Symposium (UMTA(; Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
11. Huang, C. M., Chen, C. H., Pornpattananangkul, D., Zhang, L., Chan, M., Hsieh, M. F., Zhang, L. (2011): Eradication of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus by liposomal oleic acids. Biomaterials. 32(1): 214-221.
12. Hunt, L. R., Smith, S. M., Downum, K. R., Mydlarz, L. D. (2012): Microbial regulation in gorgonian corals. Mar. Drugs. 10(6): 1225-1243.
13. Kelman, D., Kashman, Y., Rosenberg, E., Kushmaro, A., Loya, Y. (2006): Antimicrobial activity of Red Sea corals. Mar. Biol. 149(2): 357-363.
14. Kreitlow, S., Mundt, S., Lindequist, U. (1999): Cyanobacteria, a potential source of new biologically active substances. J. Biotechnol. 70(1): 61-63.
15. Kim, K. (1994): Antimicrobial activity in gorgonian corals (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Coral Reefs. 13(2): 75-80.
16. Liu, Z., Cheng, W., Liu, D., van Ofwegen, L., Proksch, P., Lin, W. (2014): Capnosane-type cembranoids from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum with antibacterial effects. Tetrahedron. 70: 8703-8713.
17. Mehdinia, A., Sheijooni Fumani, N., Rezaei, H. (2014): Essential Oils of a Soft Coral (Sinularia sp) from Chabahar Bay of Iran. J. Persian Gulf. 5(15): 51-58.
18. Mohamadizadeh, F., Afkhami, M., Ehsanpour, M., Bahri, A. H. (2014): Screening for antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic agents in three hard coral species from Persian Gulf. Bangladesh J. Pharmacol. 9(2): 171-175
19. Murray, P., Rosenthal, K., Kobayashi, G., Pfaller, M. (2002): Enterobacteriaceae. Medical Microbiology. St. Louis: Mosby Publishing, p. 266‒80.
20. Nissimov, J., Rosenberg, E., Munn, C. B. (2009): Antimicrobial properties of resident coral mucus bacteria of Oculina patagonica. FEMS microbiol. Letters. 292(2): 210-215.
21. Pratt, R., Daniels, T., Eiler, J. J., Gunnison, J., Kumler, W., Oneto, J. F., Milner, H. (1944): Chlorellin, an Antibacterial Substance from Chlorella. Sci. 99(2574): 351-352.
22. Ritchie, K. B. (2006): Regulation of microbial populations by coral surface mucus and mucus-associated bacteria. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Series. 322: 1-14.
23. Rohwer, F., Seguritan, V., Azam, F., Knowlton, N. (2002): Diversity and distribution of coral-associated bacteria. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Series. 243: 1-10.
24. Sammarco, P., Coll, J., Barre, S., Willis, B. (1983): Competitive strategies of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia): allelopathic effects on selected scleractinian corals. Coral Reefs. 1(3): 173-178.
25. Seas, C., Gotuzzo, E. (2005): Vibrio cholerae. In: Mandell G, Douglas, Bennett E, Principles and Practice ofInfectious Diseases, sixth Edition, Churchill Livingstone.
26. Setyaningsih, I. (2013): Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of soft corals collected from the water of Panggang Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Int. J. Com. Pharm. 6(3): 1-3.
27. Somnath, C., Ghosh, U. (2010): Oceans: a store house of drugs. J. Pharm. Res. 3: 4.
28. Swaminathan, B., and Gerner-Smidt, P. (2007): The epidemiology of human listeriosis. Microb. Infec. 9(10): 1236-1243.
29. Turk, T., Kem, W. R. (2009): The phylum Cnidaria and investigations of its toxins and venoms until 1990. Toxicon. 54(8): 1031-1037.
30. W. H. O (1998): The World Health Report 1998: Life in the 21st century a vision for all The world health report 1998: life in the 21st century A vision for all: World Health Organization. P: 10-12.
31. Wijffels, R.H., Sipkema, D., Franssen, M.C., Osinga, R., Tramper, J. (2005): Marine sponges as pharmacy. Mar. Biotechnol. 7(3): 142-162.
_||_