شناسایی و واکاوی عوامل سازنده و موثر بر رشد خودباوری در نوجوانان عضو کانون‌های پرورش فکری کودکان و نوجوانان
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانی
سیده نسرین سجادیان
1
(دانشجوی دکترای، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
یلدا دلگشایی
2
(استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و آموزش عالی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
بهارک شیرزاد کبریا
3
(استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و آموزش عالی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
فرشته کردستانی
4
(استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و آموزش عالی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: عوامل موثر, نوجوانان, عوامل سازنده, رشد خودباوری,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: هدف این پژوهش شناسایی و واکاوی عوامل سازنده و موثر بر رشد خودباوری در نوجوانان عضو کانون‌های پرورش فکری کودکان و نوجوانان بود.روش: این مطالعه از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه اجرا آمیخته (کیفی و کمی) بود. جامعه پژوهش در بخش کیفی اسناد و متون مرتبط و خبرگان و متخصصان تعلیم‌وتربیت و کانون پرورش فکری کودکان و نوجوانان شهر تهران بودند که طبق اصل اشباع نظری 15 نفر از آنها با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. جامعه پژوهش در بخش کمی نوجوانان عضو کانون‌های پرورش فکری کودکان و نوجوانان شهر تهران در سال 1399 بودند که طبق جدول کرجسی و مورگان 285 نفر از آنها با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش در بخش کیفی فیش‌برداری و مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بود که شاخص‌های روانسنجی ابزارهای هر دو بخش کیفی و کمی قابل قبول بود. داده‌های بخش کیفی با روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA و بخش کمی با روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی در نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شدندیافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که عوامل سازنده بر رشد خودباوری در نوجوانان دارای 2 بعد، 6 مولفه و 40 شاخص و عوامل موثر بر رشد خودباوری در نوجوانان دارای 3 بعد، 9 مولفه و 42 شاخص بود. عوامل سازنده شامل ابعاد فردی (با 3 مولفه ویژگی‌های فردی، قدرت و ارزیابی) و اجتماعی (با 3 مولفه ارتباط، الگوگزینی و مشارکت) و عوامل موثر شامل ابعاد خانواده (با 3 مولفه اعتمادسازی، حمایت و شیوه‌های تربیتی)، مدرسه (با 3 مولفه توانمندسازی، تعهد و نشاط) و جامعه (با 3 مولفه عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل فرهنگی و عوامل روانی) بود. دیگر نتایج نشان داد که بار عاملی همه گویه‌ها و برازش مدل مناسب بود و اثر همه ابعاد بر عوامل سازنده و موثر بر رشد خودباوری در نوجوانان تایید شد.نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به عوامل سازنده و موثر شناسایی‌شده برای رشد خودباوری نوجوانان می‌توان از طریق آنها برنامه‌هایی جهت بهبود رشد خودباوری آنان طراحی و اجرا کرد.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the constructive factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents who are members of the centers for the intellectual development of children and adolescents.Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of implementation method (qualitative and quantitative). The research population was in the qualitative section of related documents and texts and experts and specialists in education and training of children and adolescents in Tehran, according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 15 of them were selected by purposive sampling. The research population in the adolescent quantitative section was a member of the centers for the intellectual development of children and adolescents in Tehran in 2020. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 285 of them were selected by simple random sampling. The research instrument was semi-structured in the qualitative part of videography and interview and a researcher-made questionnaire was constructed in the quantitative part. The psychometric indices of the instruments in both qualitative and quantitative parts were acceptable. Qualitative data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA software and quantitative data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software.Findings: The results showed that the factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents had 2 dimensions, 6 components and 40 indicators and the factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents had 3 dimensions, 9 components and 42 indicators. Constructive factors include individual dimensions (with 3 components of personal characteristics, power and evaluation) and social (with 3 components of communication, model selection and participation) and effective factors including family dimensions (with 3 components of trust building, support and educational methods), school (with 3 components). The components of empowerment, commitment and vitality) and society (with 3 components of economic factors, cultural factors and psychological factors). Other results showed that the factor load of all items and model fit were appropriate and the effect of all dimensions on the constructive factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents was confirmed.Conclusion: According to the constructive and effective factors identified for the development of adolescents' self-esteem, programs can be designed and implemented to improve their self-esteem development.
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